International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2007

The soft clayey soil exist in the way along with the new railway line between stations 34+000 to 36+000, 45+000 to 49+000, and 64+000 to 65+000, these soils are term of gathering swamps connected by water, that come to them from different trenches near to them, and because of the near area are swale & agriculture it encourages gathering of water and formation of wateriness pools, which encourages the growth of different glassworts like cane & boscage, and it becomes hotbed for animals. The new proposed railway line must interpenetrate these lakes, pools & swamps with total length of 8 km, so there is a need for a suitable treatment for the existing situation. The proposed suggestion was to fill up these swamps to a width of 20 m with boulder to give good stability to the railway embankment later. But what was actual used for filling were a mixture of natural soil and sandy — gravel soil, because these soils were available and can be brought from a place near to the working area, and to make a suitable route for the automations to travel on easily. The soil used in the filling were compacted using available compactors, and to evaluate the efficiency of compaction and soil filling a plate load test were done, but the primary results showed that the soil did not reach the accepted specification, so it was suggested to spread a boulder layer of thickness not less than 30 cm and compacted very good using medium to heavy vibrator compactor then another plate load test were done which its results showed marked improvement in the soil strength and resistance.

As the Taiwan High Speed Railway (THSR) starts its formal operation in 2007, the highway bus service companies in Taiwan are expected to inevitably lose their market shares and customers. This paper tries to investigate the strategies and related actions for highway bus operators to cope with the competition from THSR. A willingness model of passengers is constructed by the structural equation modeling approach to understand customers' demand. According the analysis results from this study, price, in-car service, quality, and general service strategies have influential impacts on passenger's preference to take highway bus service. Findings also show that the proposed actions are all practically significant to respective strategies.

The study of effect of stabilizer on low cost road pavements is important for development of pavement response models. This paper presents the effect of ECOLOPAVI stabilizer on natural argil soil (unsuitable for bases, subbases, or subgrades). ECOLOPAVI is a new stabilizer manufactured by the company HICPM (Homi Industria e Comércio de Produtos Químicos, Ltda) based in S. Paulo, under License of IDESA (Institute of Development of Social Education of Amazon), located in Manus, Brazil.

Investment in physical transportation facilities represents the bulk of capital for the purpose of carrying goods and people. These facilities include roadway pavements, rail tracks, tunnels, bridges, and other roadside structures to support operation of vehicles. Condition survey of such facilities has become an important component in asset management. Despite the fact that tremendous progress has been made in the past few decades in technology development of condition surveys, there still exist various limitations in the field of automation. Many surveys are still conducted manually, which pose problems in areas such as cost, data repeatability, consistency, and safety. This paper introduces the general principles of sensor requirements for data collection and the necessary automation needs for data analysis. The focus of the paper is on roadway and rail systems, even though the sensors may be applicable to the survey of other facilities as well.

In intelligent transport system, to assure that drivers have accurate navigation instructions and the vehicle is displayed correctly on the digital map, the precise position must be known. First, an intuitive and effective map-matching algorithm based on curve similarity is proposed. It fully utilizes the road network information and history route information to find out the best matching route. Second, when GPS signal is unavailable, the gyroscope and odometer scale factors of Dead Reckon (DR) system can also be calibrated with the matched routes on digital map. The experiment demonstrates that this map-matching algorithm can improve the accuracy of vehicle position. The real-time revision of scale factors decreases accumulative error and improves the navigation precision.

Drivers' parking choice behavior affects directly the use of the parking lots (e.g. utilization rate, cycling velocity, etc.), and it also benefits on the district parking lots and the general parking distribution condition in the region. On the base of analyzing the factors affecting parking choice, this paper gives a parking utility function including the parking guidance information, builds drivers' parking choice behavior model by applying discrete choice model theory, and discusses the parameter determining method. Lastly, this paper studies the practical significance of the model.

With the backdrop of railway transportation system in the steel enterprises, this article concerns about the process of molten iron transportation, and it also make a research on the intelligent scheduling about path selection during the molten iron transportation scheduling, avoiding locomotive collision, and vehicles optimal combination. Based on the railway section booking and collision detection model, this paper establishes near neighbor distribution, process scheduling and optimal grouping method to schedule molten iron transportation. Considering the need of molten iron and transportation distance, we can obtain the optimal number of vehicles by dynamic programming. After simulation based on the field data, the results indicate that the key technique of intelligent scheduling is practical.

The carrying capacity's influence factors of the passenger special lines have been traditionally analyzed by using reduction coefficient to calculate the section carrying capacity of non-parallelism train working graph. For the different drawing model of train working graph in an operating section, the tracking interval time and reduction coefficient affect the carrying capacity. By quantitatively analyzing the influence of the stay time and the speed difference on the reduction coefficient, and the influence of the occlusive section length and the speed of passenger train on the track interval time of the train, the varied regularities and characters between the carrying capacity and various factors have been revealed.

According to the characteristics of highway network, the P&R facilities location model is based on the theory of network-location. ‘Shortest path' algorithms and ‘Teitz and Bart' node exchange algorithms are also adopted in the paper. Finally a convictive example with corresponding algorithm is provided.

Related to enterprise logistics and relevant cost, this paper studies the frame of check system and check index system and the establishment of check methods of enterprise logistics cost. Based on supply chain management theory, value chain, and cost management theory, this paper evaluates enterprise's logistics cost based on logistics cycle time, and establishes logistics cycle time. Using gray system theory and modern accounting method, this paper establishes five basic safeguard systems of enterprise's logistics cost check system, illustrates the steps of enterprise's logistics cost check and checking contents.

Most existing network design models ignore uncertainties that usually have negative impacts on the performance of a road network. A bi-level model for the continuous network design problem (CNDP) is proposed, in which uncertainties due to the normal day-to-day variations in the travel demand are explicitly considered. At the upper level problem, the system performance index is defined as the weighted sum of the expected total travel time and the investment costs of link capacity expansions. At the lower level, user equilibrium is used to simulate the travelers' route choice behaviors under stochastic demand. Then a simulation-based genetic algorithm is presented for the model. Finally a simple numerical example is provided to illustrate the model and the algorithm.

The concept of Mobile-Agent is introduced into Multi-Agent based supply chain management. The paper establishes a Mobile-Agent based supply chain information sharing system that enhances the agility in the supply chain and is used in the production process.

This study on attractive region of rail transit station is based on the travel time from original position to rail transit station. Diversification of attractive region caused by traffic service level is not considered adequately in current practices. In order to consider the effect of traffic service level, the traveler behavior is studied and disaggregate model of rail station selection based on the theory of the maximum travel utility is established. The utility of rail traffic station selection is determined by the colligation of individual characters, travel characters and traffic service level. Based on the result of utility and Reilly's Formula, attraction of the rail transit station and the attraction intensity of the given position around the station are given. Furthermore, attractive region of both isolated stations and stations in the rail network are studied.

This paper contributes to the advanced continuum modeling for describing traffic dynamics of freeway flows. Traffic friction is addressed through the use of a viscosity term which resembles the calculation of the fluid disturbance in fluid mechanics. Properties of the new model are analyzed. The results prove that these problems such as gas-like behavior, "wrong-way travel" and linear instability which plague other higher-order continuum models do not exist in the new anisotropic non-equilibrium model.

The layout of Urban Comprehensive Passenger Transportation Hubs (UCPTH) is an important part of the urban overall planning and comprehensive transportation planning. The on-quantitative-basis theories available for the UCPTH layout are mainly intended as special research tools for single-mode hubs like those of the rail passenger transportation or highway passenger transportation, and so far no relatively mature theories have been formed. Therefore, based on urban planning principles, transportation planning theories, and the analyses of the correlation factors of the UCPTH layout, a layout model is established in which the minimum cost of the total time by all the urban external passengers is taken as the optimized aim function, and the total investments in various hubs constructions, their scalar demand and intermodal demand are taken as binding conditions. Two-phase layout characterizes the model and accordingly a genetic algorithm is designed to solve it. Finally, a case study is conducted by analyzing the UCPTH layout of Shanghai city.

Analysis of normal traffic flow usually uses the static or dynamic model based on fluid mechanics. However, in the analysis process, the problem of massive modeling and data handling exists, and the accuracy is desirable. Finite element method has been widely applied in various domains. Based on existing theory of traffic flow, ITS and the development of finite element, the paper presents a simulation method based on finite element for solving problems in traffic flow. Using existing finite element analysis software, the traffic flow is simulated and analyzed with fluid mechanics and dynamics. The problem with massive data processing through manual modeling and Numerical Analysis is solved. Finally, a typical case of special road is analyzed with ADINA finite element analysis software.

Base on the theory of Boission distribution of traffic accidents, which has been proved to be useful by many researchers, this paper inferred that spaces between traffic accidents obey negative exponent distribution. Under a given confidence level, the abnormal space of traffic accidents can be determined. With the analysis of the characteristics of traffic accidents, which composed the abnormal space, accident black spot and latent accident black spot can be identified. This traffic accident spots identification method is better representative of authentic distribution of accidents than other methods, and more accurate.

This paper discusses the structural design criterions of perpetual pavement in China. Three representative methods were selected to analyze the relationship between the threshold strain and the service life. Then, the design criterions were statistically analyzed according to the calculation of the representative perpetual pavements of USA. Given the dynamic modulus and the axle load of 80KN, the average tensile strain at the bottom of the HMA is about 64 micro strains, and the average compressive strain at the top of the subgrade is about 170 micro strains. With static modulus parameters and 100KN axle load utilized, the Guangzhou to Shenzhen Freeway in China with cement treated course was analyzed. The calculations reveal that the strain is smaller than the threshold strain of USA perpetual pavements. Further more, the perpetual pavement structural design criterions for China were put forward as follows: the tensile strain at the bottom of the HMA should be less than 120 micro strains and the compressive strain at the top of the subgrade should be less than 280 micro, strains. A low stiffness is recommended for cement treated layer in a pavement. In the end, the perpetual pavement trial sections constructed in 2003 were used for checking calculations, which can satisfy the criterions of perpetual pavement of China.

Ship wake's properties have been extensively studied through the ages. However, there were few researches on above-water spectral features of ship wake, especially features with submerged bubbles. With the higher resolution of space borne optical sensor, measurement for ship wakes by optical remote sensing is feasible. To make fully use of remote sensing to monitor ships, some experiments have been undertaken to measure physical and optical properties of ship wakes with bubbles, and to investigate how bubbles would affect the optical property of water in different water bodies. This research can establish some theoretical basis on capturing the information of ship wake by space borne optical sensors. Our experiments proved that relative to the background waters' over visible and infrared wave bands, both water-leaving radiance and remote sensing reflectance of ship wake with bubbles had more or less varied. Both the amplification and increased value of R_rs in Case-I waters are much larger than those in Case-II waters.

In order to conveniently locate available parking spaces in city CBD, Parking Guidance Information System (PGIS) is established to provide real-time parking information to drivers. But locations of PGI signs are mostly selected by subjective experience. The paper presents PGIS application in Xujiahui area of Shanghai, based on parking guidance behavior survey. The amount of guidance information is the objective function. An optimization model is established with three constraints: the total number of PGI signs; 3 parking lots at most are displayed at each intersection approach; and the information of each parking lots involved in PGIS should be displayed on PGI signs at least once. Genetic Algorithm is applied to solve this model. Finally, me scale, locations and their functions of Xujiahui PGI signs can be obtained. The result shows that the model is applicable in practice.

Tunnel excavation disturbs surrounding soil, cause deformation and displacement of the soil, and can result in a change of loads and constraints exerted on the pipelines in the vicinity of the tunnel. The internal forces of the pipelines will accordingly redistribute. Therefore, the safety level of the pipelines will change, mostly to decrease, In this paper, two types of pipelines, rigid pipeline and flexible one, are discussed. Then formulae which link the maximum ground subsidence with the deformation of a pipeline are derived under shield tunnel excavation. In consideration of the uncertainties in the parameters of the formulae, a probabilistic analysis on the safety of pipeline is conducted, according to the control criterion of both rigid and flexible pipelines. Finally, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of this method. This paper presents a convenient method to determine the safety of underground pipeline through the measurement of ground subsidence occurring during tunnel excavation.

A combined method based on of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Subtraction Fuzzy Clustering (SFC), and Non-Parametric Regression (NPR) is proposed in view of nonlinearity and uncertainty for short-term forecasting of real-time traffic flow. A highly efficient case database is created from the original traffic volumes after the operations of PCA and SFC. The data-driven method of K-nearest neighbours NPR is used to make the forecasting. An emulation experiment is designed to test the validity of the method. The example results show it is better than normal NPR and meets real-time requirement.

Telecom industry needs a large variety of materials, of which the unit price varies widely, the usage is complicated, and the management methodologies are different. In order to conform to the ever-changing market environment and the aggravating market competition, the inventory costs must be reduced and the service levels should be improved simultaneously. Analyzing and evaluating each kind of material management situation is the foundation of optimization for telecom material inventory management. The traditional ABC classifications generally analyze and evaluate the stored materials statically from the perspective of the quantity of inventory cost. However, the inventory holding time and many other inventory costs are neglected. Based on the structure of inventory costs, this paper selects indicators such as the quantity and time of inventory holding cost, inventory management cost, and obsolescence cost, etc, to develop a new dynamic evaluation method for inventory management.

The vertically dynamic model of track-ground system is developed to analyze the dynamic response of Wuhan light rail, where the vehicle in the coupling system is a whole locomotive with two layers of spring and damping system, and the rails are considered as Euler beams with finite length rested on double layer elastic foundation. Based on the random vibration theory, the random responses of power spectral density of the rails, the sleepers and the ballasts are analyzed with the Wilson-θ numerical integral method. The results show that the PSD of rails mostly concentrates on high frequency, while the vibration energy of ballasts falls within the frequency of about one hundred, as the vibration gets attenuated when it spreads to the foundation.

The flourishing world's automobile industry accompanies the increasing number of traffic accidents. In order to reduce traffic accidents due driver's excessive drinking and fatigue driving etc, this paper presents a real-time detection system that aims at motorist's driving state and its implementation. With the FPGA fusing the various kinds of information, the system the capability of real-time and accurate driving status monitoring, and determining whether the status is fatigue driving or not. The warning signals at different levels will be issued depending on the conclusion of the diving status. In addition, the system will transmit the driving status signal automatically to the traffic management departments to handle the record with GPRS module. The test results show that the system can complete processing with an accuracy rate of more than 95%.

The supply and cost function based on operating network of single and return rail transportation has been developed in the paper with a model to measure the degree of scale economies and scope economies in the network. After its application in a local rail company, it is determined that deregulation over railway can enhance its market power and compete with the truck transportation to some extent. The freight rate is the primary factor to determine the selection of mode.

The vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pick-up with time windows (VRP-SDPTW) is a variant of the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP) where clients require simultaneous delivery and pick-up service within the time windows. Deliveries are supplied from a single depot at the beginning of the vehicle's service, while pick-up loads are taken to the same depot at the conclusion of the service. One important characteristic of this problem is that a vehicle's load in any given route is a mix of delivery and pick-up loads, at the same time in any route the vehicle can not violate some constraints, such as: the vehicle capacity time windows and traveling distance constraints. VRP-SDPTW as an extension for vehicle routing problem, which is a complex combinational optimization problem, and is a well know non-polynomial hard (NP-hard) Problem. In this paper, VRP-SDPTW is presented from the point of strategic view that combines the logistics and reverse logistics (bidirectional logistics). We constructed a universal mix integer programming mathematic model of VRP-SDPTW in detail, which can transform into other typical combination optimal problems by setting different parameters. An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed based on the novel crossover-operator to solve the problem. In operation process, we firstly adopted the novel decimal coding according to a priori sequence among all customers, which consider effectively the vehicle capacity time windows and traveling distance restrictions at the same time. And then a novel crossover-operator is designed. The improved genetic algorithm (IGA) avoids effectively the common defects of early convergence and the diversity of population in traditional genetic algorithm. The experiment result shows that this algorithm can find the optimal or near-optimum solution to VRP-SDPTW effectively.

The accurate predication of short-term traffic flow is essential in ITS. On the basis of analyzing the parameter performance of support vector machine (SVM) for regression estimation, the paper proposes a short-term traffic flow predication model based on PSO-SVM. The parameter of SVM was optimized by using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The method takes advantage of the minimum structure risk of SVM and the quickly globally optimizing ability of PSO. As the proposed model can reduce the dimensionality of data space and preserve features of traffic flow time series, it can efficiently predict traffic flow. The simulation results of traffic flow collected from Chinese national highway G107 prove its validity. The average predication error is 3.4%.

Based on the integration of eclectic logistics corporations information system, the paper analyzes the inside connection of the logistics enterprise information system and utilizes the principle of matrix to divide the whole sophisticated logistical information system into multiform hierarchical structure. The paper further discusses issues on the result of pattern, the strong bond relationship among the inventory system, sea transport system, road transport system, air transport system and express delivery system, safety system and custom service system on the high level, the subordinate exterior resource system and call-centre system on the same level, finance management system on the second level, human resource management on the last level. The paper discusses the orientation of Logistics Corporation's information system integration to help enterprises enhance their competitive capability.

The logistics distribution system will directly decide the development of a city logistics industry. The choice about the city distribution model has become one of the obvious problems in China. It is not only the bottleneck for city logistics development but also affect the city transportation and economy development. The choice about city logistics distribution model should be based on the city overall design, profit from overseas advanced experience, accord to our country urban development reality. This paper concludes that the main trend of China's city logistics distribution model is cooperating distribution. The small and medium sized enterprises should choose the logistics outsourcing model, and big enterprises can choose the self-operating and synthesis distribution model.

This paper examines automatic driving based on magnetic marker navigation. Automatic driving was simulated in laboratory. The research focuses on driving simulator based automated driving simulator and vision system. Magnetic markers were placed on road centerline as the object path. PID and NN control maneuvers were adopted in route tracing. According to the result of experiments with different control maneuvers, control is smooth on straight road and vehicles could quickly come back to the object path from deviated line by adopting auto-tuning PID control maneuver. However, the control accuracy was not ideal on optimal route; by adopting Feedforward NN control maneuver, lateral deflection tends to be emanative and self-rectification is weak.

The dynamic response of airport pavements subject to a moving aircraft load has been investigated in the paper. The airport pavement is modeled as a thin plate with all edges free resting on elastic foundation. The extended Kantorovich method is employed to reduce the governing partial differential equation of slab to ordinary differential equation through introducing free-free beam function, and the analytic solution of the problem is obtained by means of Duhamel's integral equation. Numerical calculations are preformed to illustrate the dynamic displacement response of pavements under moving loads. It is found that the velocity of moving load has significant effect on the dynamic behaviors of pavements while the acceleration of moving load has little effect on the dynamic response of pavements.

Empty car distribution can make the empty car move from unloading station to the loading station to ensure the continuity of transportation and fulfill the loading plan. The optimization of empty car plan not only affects the implementation cost, but also affects the minimal number of cars which relates directly to the benefit of the railway enterprises. It also indirectly affects the social benefits of whole railway network. Consequently, how to schedule the empty cars becomes one of the most attentive and widely researched projects. A kind of grading optimizing model of empty car distribution on the railway network is presented in this paper. Railway network nodes starting from the dividing-point that receives the empty cars are divided into different grades according to the direction of cars. Aimed at the minimum arithmetic product of car number and distance, it adopts the calculating method on-table to optimize one by one. The optimizing results of every stage are based on the former ones, and then the empty cars distribution optimization of the whole network will be gained. This model can not only reduce node number remarkably but save lots of computing time and space. It is applicable in the case the node number is more or less. It is an effective approach to solve the problem of empties distribution.

The formation mechanism of logistics normalization includes two types of government-oriented and market mechanisms. By game theories, an infinite repeated game model and evolutionary game model are established respectively to analyze interactive relations of market participants in the action of the two mechanisms. The results are discussed and conclusions are reached, which the government has played an important role in this process of the logistics standardization. The study provides theoretical support for the state intervention of logistics market, and cover the shortage of current standard theory of logistics, which are lack of study on actions of market bodies.

The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a city with traditional planar traffic mode. After the analysis of the main factors influenced a city's traffic, a suggestion of building part of a city's functional constructions underground is put forward to realize the idea of "Three Dimension (3-D)" in a future city. The problems of a future city include large population, traffic congestion, high working productivity, and social intensivism. Supported by high technology, it is necessary for a city to be developed from 2-D to 3-D in order to meet developing demands of human beings. It is also important to make effective use of a city's resource of space to improve the life quality and increase the preventive ability of disasters. Therefore, we strongly recommend a city to make effective use of its underground space, and construct a 3-D zoological city hinged on traffic.

In complex and knowledge-intensive environments, it is important that effective knowledge management can help users find pertinent task-relevant knowledge to improve their task performance. This work proposes a new information retrieval algorithm using fuzzy concept network and user profile in order to retrieve task-relevant information to fulfill the information needs of knowledge workers. In the algorithm, a user's profile based on interest and task of user is represented using ontology. The algorithm can expand users' queries for fuzzy information retrieval in a more effective manner. Experiment result show the algorithm can provide efficiently task-relevant knowledge by user's query.

The potential sources of disruption to transportation network are numerous and little has been accounted for the variability on traffic state, especially travel time. Based on statistics methods, three-hierarchy framework of assessment on travel time reliability is proposed in this paper to show the ability of transportation network dealing with uncertainty and satisfy the requirement of road users. The variability of travel time can be obtained by taking the spatial and temporal distribution characters into consideration. A practical application is executed to verify the utilization of travel time reliability and the travel time reliability under practical scenario can be estimated.

Based on the survey of four-leg intersections with unsignalized control, this paper sets up crash prediction models. Modeling process improves on the measure of choosing independent variables. The paper discusses the design and traffic factors' influences on accident guidelines, and establishes prediction models. Finally, the paper uses relevant probability models and analyzes their precision in order to validate the models' applicability.

The driveway width determines the layout of roadway cross-section and land resources allocation, affecting the running speed, roadway capacity and safety level. Using the calibrating and statistical methods, an investigation of the running speed on seven different widths (3.2∼4.0m) of urban driveways was conducted and a function of both running speed and speed variance with driveway width was analyzed. The analysis shows that there are no pertinence between the driveway width and speed variance, and no linear dependence with speed within the range of 3.2∼3.5m. A reasonable range of urban driveway width was proposed, and a comparison between the results with the criterions in other countries was given.

With the development of urban economy, the traffic problems of urban areas have become increasingly severe. Urban public transit has become important means to deal with the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban traffic. It plays an important role in adjusting urban transport structure. But recently, the development has been slowed down because of many problems, such as low speed, low level of service. Therefore, the bus transit cannot develop quickly and smoothly. How to attract more people to choose public transit is the key to solving the urban traffic problems and discouraging the use of privately vehicles to reduce the motorization. Based on the analysis of the challenge of existing public transit system, this paper presents the targets for development, integrated modes and integrated measures of public transit system in order to smoothly join them and achieve convenient transfer among the other modes of transportation.

It is incomprehensive to just consider the quantity adjustment among the nodes in railway network regarding empty wagon distribution. A coordinated optimized model of quantity and route is established in the paper. Identical path constraint of wagon flow and capacity constraint is presented in the paper. It is proved that convection constraint of road segment will not affect the optimal solution of the model. We also put forward an evaluation rule for the route chosen rationality connecting O-D pair in railway network and a disposal of the infeasible flow. In the end a solution for the coordinated optimized model is presented.

As different flight has different delay cost, deciding how much ground-holding delay to assign to a flight is an optimal combination problem. By using the elitist adaptive genetic algorithm, a solution to the ground-holding problem is provided, and the actual field data is used to test the model and the algorithm. The simulation result demonstrates that the presented algorithm is effective and is better than the FCFS algorithm.

The pavement design specifications in China are mechanistic based with limited capabilities of performance prediction. In the US, the various editions of the AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures were developed based on the results from the 1960's AASHO Road Test and a number of studies in the following decades. Since 2002, the US pavement design standard has progressed to a mechanistic-empirical method, known as the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), which is expected to replace the current AASHTO Guide released in 1993. In this paper, a comparative study of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) design methodologies in China and US is presented. The design outputs designed based on the Chinese JPCP pavement specification are then used in the MEPDG design software to predict the pavement performances during their design lives. The findings of this study show that the new MEPDG has advantages in several aspects over the Chinese design procedure. It also demonstrates that the new MEPDG procedure is applicable in China to establish a general pavement design method and may be helpful to ease the frequently occurring premature failure problems of pavements in China.

This paper analyzes the comprehensive development levels of the transportation and economy of Jiangsu province based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The static and dynamic models of degree of coordination are established. The coordination is evaluated between the transportation development and economy development of Jiangsu in the period from me year 1996 to 2005. The results show that from the year 1996, the coordination between the transportation development and economy development of Jiangsu has some fluctuations. However, those are all kept in a limited range, without any in-coordinate situations. The coordination in year 2005 was in a relatively low level, which shall be paid attention to.

Premature distresses of asphalt pavements such as cracking exist widely in practice due to poor layer-interface conditions. Using non-linear finite element method (FEM) software, this paper analyzed the structural responses of asphalt pavements under combined factors of temperature, horizontal forces and vertical forces. Furthermore, mechanism of premature cracking in various lay-interface conditions was explored in the context of structural responses of pavement system. Research results indicate that: (1) The key structural response under the contact model is greater than the continuous model; (2) Under low temperature condition, with the layer-interface decreasing, the key structural responses increase very slowly. While under the high temperature condition, structural responses increase rapidly. (3) The major distress of asphalt concrete layer is low temperature contracting cracking during low temperature season, while in high temperature summer, the slippage cracking and corrugation of asphalt concrete layer are prone to develop under the combined application of temperature and horizontal loading when the layer-interface conditions is very poor.

Lizigou long-span Bridge which adopts super-large pile group is one of the main projects on the Neijiang-Kunming railway in China. A physical model of the super-large pile group is developed to gain a better understanding about its mechanical behavior by observing the distribution of internal forces and of its deformation behavior under vertical loads, horizontal loads and their combined loads. Under vertical loads, the middle piles are subjected to the maximum vertical load and the axial force at the lower part of the pile is much smaller than that at the upper; with the load increasing, the lateral friction resistance of a pile body increases gradually from the lower part to the upper part. Under horizontal load, the mechanical behavior at the upper part of a pile is affected significantly by loads and the maximum bending moment occurs at the zone adjacent to the platform, and the value of bending moment is decreased nonlinearly along the pile from top to bottom. The mechanical behavior of the soil along the horizontal load direction has a difference between the front and the back of the pile. The bending moment's variation tendency along the piles and its extremum. values differ from the condition of the applied loads such as the combination of vertical and horizontal loads.

With the rapid development of logistics management, the study on the logistics facility layout has become a hot topic in logistics management domain. On the basis of the summarization of frontier theories and tools such as logistics management, system engineering, and neural network, a systematic evaluation study on fuzzy neural network integrated evaluation method for plane layout of logistics facility is carried out in order to overcome the highly subjective methods of current evaluation approaches.

This paper gives a detailed description of the guideway structure of high-speed maglev TR system and the precision requirements of three function planes. Short lines and curves are used to fit stator plane, guidance rail plane and sliding rail plane in the curve section of maglev track. Furthermore, the curve fitting method in detail and the analysis process on data are presented and the reasonable span of vertical radius as well as the reasonable span, the allowable span and dominant radius span are obtained using the modules of different lengths, the stators of different layout modes and the guidance rail planes of different radius values. This paper also compares the above results with the lower limit value of horizontal and vertical radius calculated from the theory of vehicle movement dynamics.

A vehicle recognition approach is presented based on Gabor Wavelets Transform and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to identify every individual vehicle. The method extracts the contour of each moving vehicle based on the fusion of a motion segmentation technique using image subtraction and region growing process. The final contour and region of the moving vehicle after the optimization with active contour model can be achieved. A bank of well-chosen Gabor filters are applied on the moving vehicle images to construct a group of vectors called nodes, and then feature nodes are derived by using principal component analysis, which decreases the dimension of each node. The image including feature nodes is called Gabor-Vehicle. After a set of nodes of Gabor-Vehicle are combined into a vector and trained by Hidden Markov Model (HMM), the optimal factors for the system of vehicle recognition will be obtained. Its result of analyzing complication is also shown by observation layer, character extraction layer, and hidden layer. Finally, some experiment results on identifying "CK68", "YK60" are given, which show that the proposed algorithm has a high recognition rate with relatively low complexity.

With the rapid development of intelligent transportation system and continuous increasing traffic flow, the information platform is the kernel and key to develop and construct ITS. The dynamic information platform is the goal of information platform development. From computer science perspective, it studies superincumbent three-tier management model which develops and constructs the collectivity structure scheme, main function and idiographic realization. It presents a multi-database integrated system architecture based on C/S combined with B/S. This architecture can solve the interlinkage problem of ITS and ensure to realize information collection, transmission, management and sharing. Adopted OLE DB and ODBC technologies can connect and read heterogeneous data, create data dictionary. XML is regarded as a public data model which eliminates the heterogeneity and multiple semantic relations of heterogeneous relation data, and realizes the heterogeneous data sharing and exchange. The dynamic information platform provides with the advantages of the effective integration and transport services.

In order to analyze distribution characteristic of automotive lamp fragments, and the relation between thrown distance and the crash velocity in front crash, a device for simulating automotive crash is designed. Distribution rule of automotive lamp fragments is analyzed by simulating crash with a car in different velocity. The results show that if the vehicle runs forward before the collision, the fragments will distribute symmetrically relative to the running direction within the range of ±20°. The farthest, the nearest and the center of the fragments in the fields vary corresponding to crash velocity, and the bandwidth between (he farthest and the nearest thrown distance is in the different range. Based on the statistic data of crash velocity and the thrown distance of lamp fragments, mathematical models are established and validated.

In the process of collecting the pavement images, there exists shadows in the pavement images due to various objects on the road and rodside. This seriously affects the auto-identification and classification of the images. In view of this problem, we propose a recognition method which can deal with the shadow. We withdraw the edge subset of the shadow in the image by image division and decompose the image into the light part and shadow part. Then the two sub-images can be classified by the variance of the sub-images. This method is simple, and avoids disturbance of the shadow. The availability of the method has been proven by the experiment's results.

Studying the travel behavior can be helpful for us to comprehend the actual travel demand status of passenger, which also has an important reference value to constitute the transportation organization pattern. Passenger travel behavior includes a series of choice course, and each choice course has interaction effect to each other. Considering these various impact factors on the travel choice behavior of passenger, this paper simulates passenger travel choice process. Disaggregate methods are utilized in this paper to formulate the departure time and transportation mode binary level Nested Logit models. This paper analyses the arithmetic of the model. Through a questionnaire survey, and by collecting stated preference and revealed preference datum about passenger travel behavior of Beijing-Taiyuan Dedicated Passenger Railway Line, this paper utilizes the Maximum likelihood to estimate the parameter of this choice model. Finally, by using the regress parameter, this paper analyzes some influencing factors such as the personal social economic factor, time factor and transportation mode attribute for the analysis of passenger travel behavior for Passenger Railway Line.

Along with the further exaltation of the industrialization degree, the overweight equipments need enlarges further. This text introduction is the engineering case history about the war preparedness assessment equipment installing the temporary bridge and assembling the hoisting equipment in the conveyance of the equipments and mourn pack the process, expressing this method has a safety credibility and fast assembling, to the environment adaptability strong etc. provided a dependable technique guarantee for the conveyance of the large equipments.

Non-recurrent traffic congestion is mainly the result of traffic incidents such as accidents, vehicle breakdowns or any other incident. This paper focuses on traffic accident as it is the dominant cause. Faster detection of traffic accidents is of extreme importance for fast rescuing the wounded and quickly clearing the bottlenecks. The automated accident detection algorithm can largely be categorized into two groups. The algorithms in the first group are based on the symptoms of the accidents, such as changes in traffic volume, speed, and occupancy, and those in the second group are directly based on accident features such as sound and image. The former is imprecise and not Real-time because the arithmetic depends on road circumstance and historical data. Image-processing based accident detection is possible, but it is neither cost effective nor computationally efficient compared with audio-based detection methods. This paper studied direct automatic detecting technique of traffic accident based on processing and recognizing acoustic signals. A database consisting of sounds from vehicle crashes, thunder, and sounds of running normally vehicle was created. We abstract the features by wavelet package and compute the wavelet coefficients as a feature vector for input to the classification system. A BP neural network is used to classify these features into categories of crash and non-crash events. The classification testing results achieved 95% accuracy. These results show that the feature of radiated noise could reflect vehicle running state and could be an effective measurement for traffic accident directly detecting.

The paper focuses on the model developed to solve forward-reserve problem with the help of satisfactory optimization technique, considering some logistics managerial requirement. According to the characteristics of FRP, performance specifications and satisfactory functions are designed and satisfactory optimization model is proposed. In addition, the efficient heuristics technique-genetic algorithm is presented for solving the model.

Extracting fuzzy rules automatically from data is a research direction of fuzzy system and data mining. The WM method is the one of the earliest algorithms. However, it only selects the rules which have the maximal degree, so it does not consider other conflicting rules. Two other methods are presented in this paper to select fuzzy rules, and one simulation data and one field traffic flow data are used to compare all three methods. The comparative results show that the weighted mean method has the best robustness and error-tolerance, which is more suitable for extracting rules from the real data with noise.

U-turn followed by right-turn means left turn vehicles turn right first, and then turn around in the proper position downstream, which is a traffic organization method to achieve left turn indirectly while direct left turn is forbidden in the intersection. To achieve the goal, more requirements are brought forward to median design. In order to cooperate with the manner of u-turn followed by right-turn, median type selection is need firstly. After the contrast of several median types home and overseas, the raised median is considered the best choice fit the u-turn followed by right-turn, balancing the factors of function, land use, and etc. Then discussions detailed on three aspects are followed, which are median width design, median opening design, and left turn lane design. Especially, aiming at the statement of narrow median installment internal, which is impossible to setup left turn lane, simulation evaluation for traffic operation is run on the condition of with or without left turn lane, in the environment of different traffic flow, different design speed, different intersections layout, and etc. The evaluation is a very important aspect of applicability assessment of u-turn followed by right-turn in China.

In order to maximize its profit, each transportation mode would take measures to compete with others. So, to sufficiently exert the function of transportation corridor, it is necessary to harmonize the competition. According to the characteristics of comprehensive transportation corridor and multidimensional game theory, based on the systematic optimization theory and profit maximization theory, a three-dimensional game model for two transportation modes in comprehensive passenger transportation corridor about pricing, inputs of service and travel time-saving is established, and its equilibrium is obtained; then develops the participators from 2 to n, and analyzes the equilibrium solution; lastly, the validity of the theory and model is validated by an example. The analysis on the equilibrium and the example reveals that if one wants to maximize its profit, it should be considered synthetically and choose the optimal strategy vector. The results of the research provide a theoretical reference for system optimization of comprehensive passenger transportation corridor.

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is a new public transport development mode that has been successfully applied by many countries in the recent years. Impact of different design scenarios on BRT performance has become one of the most evolving research areas in the field of transportation. This paper is intended to study primarily two core techniques of BRT: exclusive bus lanes and transit signal priority (TSP). The background of BRT development in China is first introduced, followed by a synthesis of state-of-the-art on the simulation-based evaluation of BRT effectiveness. The first-stage route of North-South Central Axis BRT system in Beijing is selected as the case study, on which a micro-simulation platform is developed based on extensive field survey and data collections. For a comparison purpose, two BRT scenarios are designed: median bus lanes versus curb bus lanes, and with versus without TSP. The micro-simulation model VISSIM is used to simulate different scenarios, and the traffic flow characteristics under different scenarios are analyzed according to the simulation results. Analysis indicates that: (1) Exclusive bus lanes and signal priority should be implemented simultaneously in order to effectively improve the BRT's operational performance; (2) After the signal priority is applied, the traffic flow status of the intersections along the BRT route is considerably improved; and (3) with respect to the exclusive lane layout, when it is divided from other lanes by physical infrastructure, median bus lane and curb bus lane have different impacts on traffic flows on the roadway and traffic flows at the intersection.

In Chinese highway system, especially within mountainous areas, there arose plenty of excessive long down-hill highway segments. Accident documents from many provinces revealed many of those long down-hill segments burdened substantially with high traffic crash frequency. Preliminary analysis showed that it was truck to dominate the majority of crash involved vehicles in these down-hill segments due to malfunction of braking system. This paper concentrates on the traffic safety performance of down-grade segments of mountainous highways to seek how the traffic and design factors aggregate the risks of vehicle, and most importantly, to glean how the primary index, length of grade, influence the safety performance of road segments. Specially highlighted among this paper's findings is the causation model between length of grade and crash counts under the interaction with other confounding factors such as grade and curvature of horizontal alignments. This outcome would hopefully be employed as the meaningful reference to highway geometry design, especially for the restriction of plausible length of down-hill highway grades.

Pavement distress survey plays an important role in pavement maintenance and management. Pavement distresses include items such as cracks identifiable with 2D images as well as items such as potholes identifiable with 3D images. Most of the current technologies applied in pavement survey system include 2D imaging and 1D profiler. Information on pavement 3D characteristics is not used in routine pavement surveys, primarily due to technical difficulties in hardware acquisition system and software algorithms. As the result, most of distress surveys for pavements are not automated. A novel idea proposed in the paper is to apply the stereovision technique into pavement imaging. The purpose is to reconstruct the complete 3D pavement surface from a pair of images. In this project, a total of four cameras were used in two pairs to collect pavement surface images across a 4-meter wide pavement, each pair of images covering 2 meters of the road. The overlapping of the image pixels were used to build the relations of 3D reconstruction. Four steps were involved: calibration, distortion adjustment, matching and 3-D reconstruction. Preliminary result demonstrates the feasibility of applying stereovision into pavement imaging. The accuracy of the system obtained is about 5mm at vertical direction.

A hybrid Grey Markov prediction model was developed by incorporating Markov forecasting model into grey forecasting model, and it was used to address the problem of traffic volume prediction. This compound model predicts me general trend of original data with unified-dimension new message GM(1,1), then applies first order Markov model to forecast the relative error series, finally use the forecasting relative error data to amend GM(1,1) prediction results. To confirm the applicability of this model, we employed Grey Markov forecasting model to forecast real time traffic volume of an intersection in SUZHOU city. As verified in experimental results, the Grey Markov model is overmatched GM(1,1) for traffic volume forecasting.

The objective of this paper is to develop a road network reliability evaluation framework for large-scale events by using the dynamic traffic simulation model INTEGRATION and statistics models. A real vocal concert in Beijing Capital Gym is selected as the case study. The temporal distribution characteristics of the network reliability are analyzed under the selected large-scale event. The results indicate that the travel time reliability decreases visibly around one hour before the curtain time and reaches its minimum near half an hour before the curtain time of the concert. Further, the effect of the selected event on the network reliability is analyzed by comparing two scenarios in terms of whether there is a large-scale event. The critical links significantly affected by the large-scale event are identified, based on the difference of travel time reliabilities between these two scenarios. It is demonstrated that the impact of large-scale events on the network reliability is not dispersed in the radial direction, but rather scattered. Finally, the paper evaluates the impact of installing Variable Message Signs (VMS) on these critical links during the period of large-scale events on reliability.

Planning of urban bus lane network is one of the most important measures to improve buses' efficiency and to embody bus priority fully. For effective arrangement of bus lanes, on the basis of traffic zones' division, considering accessibility constraint and the total bus lanes' length constraint, the bi-level programming model for urban bus lanes' layout is set up. The upper level problem is a multi-objective function which is to minimize the total travel time and the total bus lanes' length and the total transfer times; the lower level of the model is a capacity-constrained traffic assignment model that describes passenger flow assignment on bus lines. By this bi-level programming model, the optimal bus lines are selected from all possible bus lines, and so the corresponding bus lane network with the selected bus lines is also ascertained. The solution method using genetic algorithm of the bi-level programming model is also presented and by an example the design process is demonstrated.

According to the characteristics and requirements of container shipping line, the equilibrium principle for container line is proposed to efficiently utilize the capital in container line. The model for container slot allocation reflecting the principle is developed. Meanwhile, the pendulum shipping line is given as an example in numerical experiments. Results indicate that the proposed model can increase the assets utilization efficiency of shipping line, and improve the reliability and quality of shipping line.

The paper establishes vehicle-track coupling model. Aimed at asymmetric rail grinding in railway curve, simulation calculation and comparative analyses on the grinding effects of wheel-rail are carried out assuming four kinds of rail grinding conditions in different grinding modes. The preferable rail grinding programme is presented based on the four kinds of grinding conditions. Regularity of asymmetric rail grinding is generalized according to the simulation calculation, and rational suggestions are proposed for the implement of asymmetrical rail grinding.

By analyzing the components influencing the economic benefit of railway passenger train plans, this paper presents a comprehensive calculation method, by which the income, cost, economic benefit and break-even attendance rate of the passenger train plans can be conveniently calculated. In the end, we illustrate with an example to prove that this method used in the economic evaluation of passenger train plans is practical and feasible. It assists the decision-making process for the development of commercialization of railway passenger transportation.

This paper presents a hybrid evolutionary technique for solving train-scheduling problem. The proposed approach exploits key features of genetic algorithm (GA) and Tabu search (TS) in order to find nearly optimal feasible solution. Strategic oscillation is incorporated in GA to diversify the search space. The objective is to minimize the associated delays caused by train conflicts (cross or overtake) that is the waiting times at the train stations. The necessary algorithmic solution is described together with some empirical observations about the performance of our train-scheduling model. The simulation results show that our model is able to produce useful results in terms of minimizing delays and producing nearly optimal schedules.

To evaluate the effect of glass fiber on the HMA(hot mix asphalt), laboratory investigations are conducted on the samples with and without glass fibers. The testing undertaken in this research comprises of the indirect tensile test, rutting test, repeated loading indirect tensile test and moisture susceptibility test. The utilization of the glass fiber shows consistent result and it is found the addition of glass fiber does improve the main property of HMA. The interactive mechanism of the glass fiber on the HMA is analyzed to guide the asphalt pavement design by contrasting experimental data.

Both Logistics Parks (LPs) and Industrial Clusters (ICs) are the subjects that receive gradual attention in field of either theory or practice. Relatively, the theory on ICs has been developed well, but its application in logistics industry remains to be studied. Firstly, by anglicizing, comparing, correlation studying, this paper finds the linkage, differences between LPs and ICs. Then, the necessity of clustering in LPs is studied in two levels: LPs are the supporting system of general ICs; the logistics industry itself in LPs should be developed in the direction of ICs; enlightened by the "Diamond" theory, an evaluation system is constructed. Finally, a method of Entropy-Weight-AHP for its calculation is proposed. The results show that the clustering in LPs has its theoretical and practicable value.

There is a communication barrier between carrier and shipper in present freight information market. The shipper can't completely know the carrier's relevant information. By virtue of the analytical idea of dynamic games with imperfect information, this paper deduces the negative consequence which the information asymmetry between the both sides in business very likely leads to. In order to remove this phenomenon, the ultimate way is to set up freight information exchange platform (FIEP) that can factually reflect the backgrounds of carriers and shippers. In course of building and popularizing the FIEP, this paper argues that the government should perform a guiding function. It applies evolutionary game theory to simulate the process that information agencies join in the FIEP in succession. The result shows that there are two distinct popularizing effects. The government should adopt supporting policy to attract the participation of information agencies. When the proportion of FIEP's users to all information agencies in a region amounts to a turning point determined by evolutionary game, the government could begin to implement charging policy. The other information agencies would still like to enter the FIEP, although all of them may be asked to pay the user charge. In the end, the FIEP will be widely employed in freight information market. As a result, the above game analysis is helpful for the government to decide the role orientation and support extent during the informatization construction.

For the effective operation and evaluation of these systems, the traffic state information is crucial and necessary. This paper presents a traffic state estimation method based on the Cell Transmission Model (CTM) and Kalman Filter Algorithm for urban Arterial Street. This paper partitioned link into cells according as CTM and designed a traffic state estimator based on Kalman Filter Theory. In each time interval, the estimator used the real-time data colleted by fixed sensors and the probes to update the traffic parameters in each cell, including number of vehicles, density and speed. Thus the traffic state of the whole link could be obtained. Finally, the performance of the proposed method was tested with simulated data. Test results show that the method can be applied to estimate the traffic state and the queue length.

As the intensifying of market competition and the refinement of social division, the operation of modern enterprises is increasingly dependent on supply chain management (SCM). With the extension of the supply chain (SC) in scope and scale, the purchasing management plays a vital role for SC operation. The traditional purchasing management lacks the coordination with upstream supplier and downstream customer. And, the related works concerning this issue are still very limited. To this end, this paper proposes a price coordination mechanism based on dynamic game of incomplete information (DGII). Starting from the expected profits of multiple node enterprises in the purchasing supply chain (PSC), this paper analyzes the whole SC composed of the purchaser, upstream supplier and downstream customer. We consider the demand of downstream customer and investigate the price coordination mechanism of the PSC. Then we study the game process of node enterprises in the PSC using DGII theory, and present mathematical analysis. Our proposal effectively solves the problem of traditional purchasing management in lacking of coordination, improves the purchasing management with the theoretical model, and riches the SC theory.

Numerical simulation has been made to predict the aerodynamic loads on a passenger car model. The relation between aerodynamic coefficients and yaw angles is calculated. At the same time a math model of train's overturning is built based on moment balance, and the relationship among the highest safe running speed of train and wind speed and direction is studied. At last train speed regulation is put forward based on the side wind speed and wind direction. The results show that speed regulation based on wind speed and direction will greatly improve the transportation capability of the railway line.

The implementation of Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Network Optimization System (NOS) provides a state-of-practice optimization tool for the preservation and rehabilitation of pavements, based on application of intelligent computation and the classic NOS. To have more understanding of the influence of input parameters on results of GA based NOS, a sensitivity analysis is undertaken in the paper. A total of four inputs (period length, current conditions, standard condition and action unit cost) are evaluated by studying the effect of each input on three output measures (total cost, total performance rating and objective value) resulting in 13 simulations.

This paper presents a Freeway Customer Satisfaction Index (FCSI) estimate model to assess Freeway Traffic Management System (FTMS) service level, based on transportation information. The FCSI model is a causal relation model. It is composed of customer satisfaction, perception and anticipation quality, system image variables. Partial Least-Squares method is applied to estimate the coefficients of the model based on the sample data of ChangPing FTMS customer satisfaction degree from 100 questionnaires. It has been shown from the results: (1) Transportation information is an important factor that influences the level of FCSI greatly. The sum of the weights of two observational variables related to the factor is 0.7140. It indicates that the high quality of transportation information supplied by FTMS is obviously helpful to improve the customer satisfaction; (2)The perception quality affects much more than anticipation quality; (3)The correlation of each structural variable in the FCSI model is consistent with actual data. The model results provide an effective reference tool for the transportation departments to obtain the system operation quality and service levels.

Evacuation is critical in emergency management. Efficient tools are needed to produce evacuation plans that identify routes and schedules of evacuation vehicles to minimize the time to evacuate population from affected area to safety in the event of disasters. Both static network flow models and dynamic network flow models have been widely used in evacuation planning, but little attention has been given to the fact that travel speed is not only time-dependant but also flow or density-dependant. A discrete simultaneous route and departure time choice model is presented; the objective is to minimize the total evacuation time by optimizing the number of vehicles assigned to route and departure time choices, given the evacuation demand of each origin. Flow propagation is described by a link travel time function. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to approximate the optimal solution by simulating the route/time swapping process. A numerical example is given.

The novel repair materials and techniques for airport pavement have been introduced in this paper through analyzing deterioration features and the performance of repair materials of airport pavement. When 20 percent of inorganic materials are introduced into the repair materials, the properties of repair materials are improved and flexural and tensile strength are 81.0MPa and 42.2MPa. The conventional repair materials and techniques cannot meet the strict requirement of airport pavement in quality and time of repair. Due to the novel repair materials of airport pavement with good mechanical properties and low shrinkage deformation, these can be used to repair airport pavement of asphalt and cement. There is an urgent demand for airport pavement management and maintenance agents to develop new repair materials and processes.

This paper analyses the characters of China railway's long and large goods transportation in China. Its development procedure and status are thoroughly recalled in this paper. In order to improve the market competitiveness of the railway's long and large equipment for goods transportation, a great deal of measures are suggested as follows: develop the third party logistics vigorously to keep up with the pace of the modern logistics; formulate the logistics service network that is adapt to the development of logistics; accelerate the circulation and distribution of the logistics; expand the logistics service business; realize the electrical commerce and information management with the help of modern information technology; strengthen the strategy cooperation with logistics enterprises. All the measures above are to strengthen the development of railway's long and large equipment for goods transportation and as well, to serve the development of the national economy better.

In this study, simulated driving program was adopted to get the effects of secondary task and driving experience on driving performance, physiological indices and subjective evaluations of mental workload (MWL). The results showed that the difficulty of secondary task influenced driving performance, physiological indices and MWL. The drivers' mental workload increased and driving performance decreased along with the increase of secondary task's difficulty. Physiological indices reflected drivers' tension, which could be used as effective indices of monitoring drivers' condition. Besides, experience also influenced driving performance. This study provided academic support for developing devices monitoring drivers' physiological and psychological conditions.

Vessel grounding accidents may cause serious pollution; loss of lives and properties at sea, so the grounding warning has been an important task of VTS (Vessel Traffic Service). In the past, the grounding was predicted manually due to technical constraints, and a lot of grounding accidents occurred as result of human error and negligence. The appearance and popularity of AIS (Automatic Identification System) and ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) made it possible for VTS to warn the grounding of vessels automatically. With the ship's position, velocity, rate of turn, position error, course error, draft, etc., which are provided by the AIS on board, we develops a new model entitled "SAGA" (Search Area for Grounding Alert) to predict grounding. When collision between the SAGA model and seabed terrain model is detected, an alert will be given by VTS.

In this paper, the concepts of response efficiency and response interval of accommodating delivery lead-time changes are defined, it has been elaborated that these concepts, which are updated continuously can be used to measure the capability of supply chain to cope with environmental changes. Delivery lead-time model of supply chain is founded on the basis of the concepts, it can be used to prove that the response efficiency of supply chain is the maximum of that of all the suppliers and the response interval of supply chain is wider than that of all the suppliers. The model can be applied for company to obtain new edge of time based competition.

Logistics information capabilities, including logistics information technology and information sharing, play an important role in improving supply chain performance, and world-classic firms have excellent logistics information capabilities. However, few studies have reported how the logistics information capabilities effect on supply chain performance, and very little is known about related research in China for it just has a beginning. This study, based on a survey of "the Top 1000 : the largest Chinese industrial enterprises 2005 in China", used Structure Equation Modeling to examine the relationship among logistics information capabilities, distribution capabilities, flexibility capabilities, and supply chain performance, including supply chain service quality and financial performance. Results showed that although the logistics information capabilities didn't impact on the supply chain performance directly, they had the influence on supply chain service quality and financial performance through impacting on distribution capabilities and flexibility capabilities.

This paper studies drivers' route choice behavior in urban road networks by analyzing the results of a drivers' route choice survey. The survey data are GPS vehicle location data recorded from 4900 GPS equipped probe vehicles in central district of Guangzhou city, so drivers' real route choice behavior in different situations can be well reflected. Among many factors affecting drivers' route choice behavior, distance, road category, intersection, turn and traffic signal control are considered as major factors to discuss. Statistics and data mining method are used to analyze the survey data, including correlation analysis, frequent pattern mining and cluster analysis. The analysis results show that most drivers prefer the route with least turn count, and the preference between distance and arterial ratio depends on different drivers. The empirical analysis results provide a good foundation of modeling drivers' route choice behavior.

This paper provides a useful guidance for adjusting the pricing of taxi industry. Pricing regulation would affect taxi drivers' income and consequently the structure of public transportation system and its carrying rate, yet the effect of each factor of pricing is different. This paper made an impact analysis of each factor of pricing by ascertaining the proportion of each factor in the pricing constitution. It is based on the collection and systematical analysis of data from all operating taxi meters in Shenzhen; however, its model and conclusion are also useful for other cities.

Correct evaluation of parking facility layout in urban areas is important to solve serious city parking problems. This article researches into the optimal allocation scheme of vehicles parking at various urban parking lots, and analyzes the spatial layout rationality of parking lots by comparing the parking space turnover rates of various parking lots among different urban zones in the scheme. It introduces categories of parking lots and vehicles, defines generalized parking costs, puts forward a optimal parking allocation model based on the minimum of total urban generalized parking costs, and verifies the usefulness of the model based on 2006's downtown parking survey data collected in Yuyao city, Zhejiang, China. The study indicates that the model is effective to determine the theoretical optimal parking allocation scheme and can be used to evaluate the present situation of urban parking demand-supply.

Reverse logistics is the basis of effective utilization of resources. The current paper analyzes the incomplete-information dynamic game of the enterprises' strategies of discarding and reverse logistics, the society's strategies of appealing and reticence, the government's strategies of punishment and non-punishment and put forward the operation selections and their ratio as well as the effective measures applying to reverse logistics.

Vehicles distribution is a kind of basic work in the transport planning. This paper put forward a two-stage algorithm to make out the optimal vehicles distribution for multitask using types of vehicles with the highest efficiency, which can be also applied in the civilian transport planning.

According to the basic principles of the shortest route algorithm in Graphic Theory, an algorithm on the question of the optimal route for the network with restrictive path is brought forward. Firstly, the road network is transformed into the one without any restrictive conditions. Then the model for optimizing the route on the road network is built taking least traveling time as the objective. Finally, the traditional Dijkstra algorithm is used to solve the problem. The result of computer simulation shows that this method is practical and feasible. The model and its algorithm could be used to get the optimal route on the road transport network with restrictive conditions in a very short time and to realize the function of guiding drivers to the optimal route in an inducement system.

Service quality is the first consideration of the passenger airlines, which will have direct effect on their reputation, economic benefit, even their survival. Airlines can understand their relative competitive advantages by the scientific and subjective evaluation method. A method of multi-criteria analysis based on similarity degree between fuzzy linguistic is proposed, when the service quality perceived by customer is expressed using fuzzy linguistic. The customers' perception assessment is aggregated, the similarity degree between airlines and positive ideal airline and negative ideal airline by utilizing similarity relations, the comprehensive preference of customers about service quality is gained, the preference structure possessing partial order characteristic. Example shows that the method is scientific and effective, which can guide the airlines to formulate the tactics.

In order to control the reverse logistics effectively, dispose the reverse logistics in batch. On the assumption that the producer permits of callback, the Franchisers would like to assist the control of the inventory of reverse logistics, the callback accords with the Possion distributing and could be used as new after being repaired, with the consideration of the producer's production plan and the transportation of the reverse logistics, the paper studies the optimized model of the reverse logistics control when dispose the reverse logistics in set volume.

In the traffic system of city passenger, the value of traveler behavior is different from the value of system resource and it is one of value of time. In the same time, the behavior value responses the traveler's desires of trip character and it is an important factor affecting traffic mode choice. The value of behavior lies on the characteristic of traveler, the characteristic of trip and the characteristic of service offered by traffic mode. The thesis analyzes the choice behavior of the traveler using maximal utility and multiple object decision theory, and studies the influencing factors of behavior value. Next, the thesis studies the relativity of the time difference in different distance and the relative advantage of different traffic modes and the behavior value using the model of the traveler traffic market shares. On this base, the model of behavior value is set up. On the base of that the thesis discusses the behavior value of different distances. By studying the behavior value, the thesis excavates the behavior of traffic mode choice, forecasts the traveler traffic market shares, and supplies theoretic foundation of the system layout.

The pedestrian detection technology has become the main research point in the field of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and safety driving assistant. This article proposes a real-time pedestrian detection method. First, the expanded Haar-like characteristic is selected and calculated using integral map. The trained cascaded classifiers can lock the candidate pedestrian areas. Then, the column that has the most distinct edge symmetry through vertical edge extraction can be figured out in the candidate areas. Combined with pedestrian shape features, the width and height of pedestrian can be determined. At Last, the candidate pedestrian is validated based on the gray symmetry and local entropy. The experiment results show that the algorithm is effective and robust.

An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the viscoelasticity of polyester fiber reinforced asphalt concrete. The cylinder specimens of asphalt concrete contained 0, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3% polyester fibers by weight of asphalt concrete were tested on MTS810 by methods of uniaxial static compression creep test under 45 °C. Test results show that the creep response of fiber reinforced asphalt concrete is similar to that of conventional asphalt concrete except the difference of creep deformation. A viscoelastic model called "four-unit, five-parameter" is employed to describe creep characteristics of fiber reinforced asphalt concrete, in which the five parameters (E₁,E₂,η₂,A,B) are determined from experimental result (E₁,B,E₂,η₂) are sensitive to fiber contents, and relations of parameters and fiber contents are simulated in nonlinear fit. The new viscoelastic model including fiber content is to calculate the load process of test and to analyze the influences of fiber content on the viscoelastic property of asphalt concrete. The numerical results show good consistency with experimental data. The composite with 0.2% fiber shows the best result.

The parameter of greatest importance to actuated signal control is the maximum green time. This paper presents two approaches to optimize maximum green time estimation. One is single-objective adaptive model based on HCM delay formula minimizing intersection average delay; the other is multi-objective analytical model minimizing delay-and-stops in unsaturated conditions and maximizing capacity in saturated conditions. The current cycle length is calculated by the proposed model and then is assigned to design optimal maximum green time based on equal degree of saturation principle. The maximum green time is adjusted cycle-by-cycle, varying with traffic conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed methods are capable of adjusting signal timing in response to the change of traffic conditions, and are effective to improve the performance of actuated control.

From the safety reliability theory of man-machine system and the locomotive driving behavior chains, the reliability model of locomotive single-driver driving behavior are set up, based on the perception, judgment, operation elements and their modules. Thus double-driver driving reliability model is given combined with the characteristics of the related working behaviors. Based on the reliability model above, a set of testing and calculation methods for the double-driver driving system are set up.

Based on the image features of color raster urban traffic map image, a novel algorithm for road networks extraction is proposed. The algorithm includes two key steps. Firstly, according to the dissimilar shape and color characteristics of the different geographical elements, a measure is established to recognize non-road regions' color, and then the other measure is set up, which may identify easily roads' color. On the basic of those, the urban map image segmentation is implemented. Secondly, two noise classification rules are brought forward which are integrated with some existing noises classification methods to classify noises for the intersected map image. The road networks are extracted when all of noises are classified accurately. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs effectively for the color raster urban traffic map images.

In order to avoid the convergence of dynamic navigation users' behavior, a reasonable replaceable path model based on similarity is set up in this paper, which reflects the users' diverse and personal requirements. Generally there is no absolute shortest path simultaneous with minimizations of multiple objectives for a multi-objective shortest path problem, and usually it is necessary only to attain the efficient paths meeting the decision-maker's requirements. By integrating the k-shortest path algorithm and the multi-objective decision-making theory, this paper proposes an algorithm to get the efficient paths for the multi-objective shortest path problem. After clustering analysis for the efficient paths attained above based on similarity, the paper acquires the reasonable replaceable paths meeting different requirements, and provides several reasonable paths with different attributes for users to choose. The algorithm in the paper is a polynomial time algorithm, and the example demonstrates the specific application for the algorithm.

Decision-making for multi-snip collision avoidance usually concerns people's experience and judgment, so it is difficult to make a pure quantificational model. An adaptive genetic algorithm model is proposed in this paper. It introduces a kind of encoding method combining binary numbers and decimal numbers. In the model the solutions space consists of own ship's course and speed. For improving the performance speed and guaranteeing the precision, the integer part of course is represented with 9 binary numbers; the decimal part is represented with 1 decimal number. The integer part of speed is represented with 7 binary numbers; the decimal part is represented with 1 decimal number. Finally, a genome string, which combines course string and speed string, contains 18 numbers representing a solution. Considering sailing regulations, based on a collision-risk function which is formed with DCPA and TCPA, a fitness function is defined to decide whether an individual is selected or not. In order to ensure converging at an optimal solution, the model operates individuals with adaptive method. Both adaptive probability formulae of crossover and mutation are presented so that they can adjust themselves to individual's fitness. By these means, the model becomes more robust. The simulation results show that the model is able to achieve a correct action for collision avoidance.

In this study, we investigated the effects of the different driving experience and gender on the driver's situation awareness (SA) and the mental workload (MWL). A PC-based driving simulator was used to present experiment task and SA task. The MWL measures in this study consisted of the physiological measures and the subjective assessment. The results showed that with the increasing of traffic, the driving performance did not worsen, however participant's MWL increased, at the same time, me participant's SA performance deteriorated. We also found that female participants got better SA performance than male participants. However we seldom found the significant effect of driving experience on the drivers' driving performance, SA performance, and the MWL score.

In order to control or alleviate traffic congestion effectively, work must be done to analyze the evolvement, causes, and key parameters of traffic congestion. Firstly, the paper classifies six typical traffic states, and defines three types of recurrent congestion according to their evolvement. For speed "fall" usually occurs in on-ramp merging area, we put forward "state transition" and use it to explain the evolvement of recurrent congestion. Then, an approach of identifying traffic control area and congestion source using "spatial-temporal speed figure" is introduced. Lastly, in order to predict congestion, we present congestion threshold and its identification methods, and use an example to test the impact of two factors. The research can provide reference for selecting suitable traffic control strategy and identifying the optimal occasion to implement it.

This paper is aimed to evaluate and identify the macro-performance of China railway transportation in the past 12 years. Based on the collected data of railway transportation, this paper puts forward a combinatorial algorithm model. This algorithm gives priority to the DEA model. For solving the overloading problem in complex information system, the Rough Set theory can obtain the regulation of the complex DUM in me DEA model. Then the DEA model can evaluate the relative performance of China railway transportation without the restriction of the data dimension. Finally, the benchmarking is used to improve the relative performance. This process identifies the macro-performance of China railway transportation, which is compared with report issuing by the ministry of rail. This paper also affirms the rationality and feasibility of the combinatorial DEA algorithm model.

Aiming at the shortage of prevailing prediction methods about highway truck conveyance configuration in over-limit freight research that transferring the goods attributed to over-limit portion to another fully loaded truck of the same configuration and developing the truck traffic volume synchronously, a new way to get accumulated probability function of truck power tonnage in basal year by highway truck classified by wheel and axle type load mass spectrum investigation was presented. Logit models were used to forecast overall highway freight diversion and single cargo tonnage diversion when the weight rules and strict of enforcement intensity of overload were changed in scheme year. Assumption that the probability distribution of single truck loadage should be consistent with the probability distribution of single goods freighted, the model describes the truck conveyance configuration in the future under strict over-limit prohibition. The model was used and tested in Highway Over-limit Research Project in Anhui by World Bank.

Presently most enterprises of household appliance in China tend to show their reluctance to the work of returned logistics affecting by economy, ethics, policies and other factors. This paper sets up mathematical models on the basis of Game Theory, and further analyzes how to consider factors, such as brand benefit and returned logistics, at the game of profits on market and how to work out the optimum managerial strategies. Finally, the author will argue how to establish incentive mechanism for those enterprises' implementation of returned logistics.

This paper conducts data-based analysis on correlation between transportation infrastructure construction and social economic development in Jiangsu Province, determines the causal sequence among the variables, and constructs a system dynamics model for transportation infrastructure construction and social economic development. The model is composed of economic subsystem, employment subsystem, and transportation infrastructure subsystem. The paper then discusses the validity of the model through history test of GDP and total working population, and the emulation of the basic practices in transportation infrastructure system in Jiangsu Province. Some valuable conclusions are obtained by emulation.

The profit distribution is much important to the formation and management of alliance. Based on the definition of mixed alliance and the explanation of the complexity of profit distribution among enterprises in mixed alliance, the profit distribution model among enterprises in mixed alliance is built by the Shapely value, and each cost distribution value of a supplier and each buyer is obtained.

Taking the independent and the dependent suspension vehicle models with 10 DOFs as analysis basic and ‘ISO2631-1:1997(E)', riding comfort of the car (Ford) and the bus (DD-680)'s changing with vehicle parameters, velocity and pavement roughness have been analyzed in different pavement roughness. In order to evaluate the grades of pavement roughness from the perspective of riding comfort, the limits of pavement roughness have been primarily worked out by using the relationship established between pavement roughness and riding comfort, and taking the comfort limits of whole-body vibration as the norm. The achievements are meaningful for road and transportation career.

A retailer deals with two perishable products which can substitute each other, when he prepares to order one, the other would have some surplus. We construct a Nested Newsboy model on the condition limited by the surplus quantity of the substitution. The model is a two-stage optimization problem. In order to gain the analytical solution, we first define the border of ordering quantity by deducing and proving. Then, according to the optimal results of the first stage, we divide the possible range of the optimal order quantity into several sections. At last we get the retailer's ordering policy about the different market condition basing on the optimal analysis of the above decisions. If the retailer considers the alternative of surplus, he can reduce the lead-time order quantity, the order budget, and raise expected gains. Furthermore, with the probability of the low replacement cost increasing, the retailer will reduce the lead-time order quantity in order to make the greatest use of the excessive of the other alternative product to meet market demand.

Elastic layer system theory is the basis of asphalt pavement structure analysis and material parameter is the important input. The material parameter is obtained by testing samples under the simple stress condition in the present Chinese asphalt pavement specification. In this paper, the conception of structural modulus for material is put forward to differentiate from sample modulus. Moreover the relationship between the structural modulus of three types of semi-rigid base material and their sample modulus are established. This will be the foundation of structure design methodology of asphalt pavement based on the structural modulus.

The 2008 Olympic Games will induce enormous transportation demands to the road net, especially the streets adjacent to the Beijing Olympic Park. In order to minimize losses of life and property, emergency evacuation will be the necessary respond measure once a critical emergency occurs. According to transportation demand data predicted for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and field survey for the road network data, this paper presents the Olympic Emergency Evacuation Plan(EEP) for Olympic Peak Days. The paper also presents the arithmetic for the evacuating shelter's capacity and calculates the evacuation time. In addition, the paper describes the ninth Olympics day when the OREM traffic emergency simulation program will be used to model the EEP. The results include evacuation time with varied proportions of traffic, likely congested or delayed sections, number of evacuation vehicles, and evacuation travel time. The simulation result shows that the EEP is rational and feasible. The research is to provide a technical support for the emergency management and help planers to make improvement for the Olympic transportation systems.

Through comprehensive analysis to the traffic safety of the expressway, this paper raises an evaluation system. On the basis of setting up grade evaluation, the paper adopts membership function and gets quantized evaluation index of the traffic safety of the expressway. Because performance of the common measure that can't be common between different indices, it utilizes fuzzy mathematics to make the indices standard; according to the law of deviation the paper determines the weight value of the evaluation index. The comprehensive appraisal model of the traffic safety of the expressway is set up by using the relevant principles of fuzzy mathematics. And it carries a comprehensive appraisal on the existing expressway safety for one province. The evaluation results indicate that the existing expressway traffic safety of this province belongs to ‘tree grades' which are identical with the real expert evaluation results, so this method is feasible.

This research focuses on the integrative innovation of the productive service that is invisible product of transportation industry-transportation industry-urban agglomeration. It analyzes three integrative paths of productive service-transportation industry-urban agglomeration. In conclusion parallel integration from meso transportation industry to macro urban agglomeration and micro productive service simultaneously is adapt to the development of domestic transportation industry.

Roadpacker plus is a liquid cationic-exchanger made from Canada. It can fundamentally change the soil surface's properties by its intense ion. Under pressure, soil's strength format more quickly and has good water resisting property after adding it. So the Roadpacker plus can accelerate the stabilization and strength of soil. 4%, 5%, 6% lime and 0.15ml/m³,0.2 ml/m³, 0.25 ml/m³ Roadpacker plus are separately added in different types of soil. The unconfined compressive strength test, immersion tensile splitting strength test, drying shrinkage test, temperature shrinkage test and environment impact test of the Roadpacker solidified limestone soil are done. Researches on the strength performance including the resistance to drying-shrinkage and temperature shrinkage, the construction curing method and the environment influence. The researches indicate that Roadpacker solidified limestone soil's early strength grows more quickly and it has better resistance to drying shrinkage and temperature shrinkage. Specially, its ductility and crack resistance are better than inorganic binder stabilized soil, simultaneously the Roadpacker can reduce the content of heavy metal in soil. Therefore, as a new environment protection material, Roadpacker solidified limestone soil can be used as the subbase of superhighway or first class highway and the base course of second-class road or lower grade road, specially the country road. The researches offer the design standards of the Roadpacker solidified limestone soil (different types of soil) and the proper ratio of mixture coverage.

Based on the fact that time intervals are irregular and relatively long and heading information is not available, a simple and applicable map matching algorithm has been proposed. Program implementation of the map matching algorithm based on the combination of Visual Basic with MapObject has been finished. It has validated the accuracy of GPS location by using test vehicles' data, ascertained the matching range, and enhanced the reliability and accuracy of map matching algorithm. It has proposed the shortest path to solve the map matching of close or parallel links and determined the vehicles' routes based on the characteristics that taxis always run along the shortest path. In the end, the feasibility of the map matching algorithm has been validated using GPS data.

Roadbed along river is one of main types of highway roadbeds in mountainous areas. Because of the river water effect, the roadbed is not only easily destroyed, but also difficultly restored. The destruction of riverside roadbed is usually regarded as the result of river swash. In fact, it is a dynamic process as a longtime complex interaction of roadbed rock/soil mass and river water, underground water and surface water. In order to investigate the mechanism of dynamic instability, equipment used to simulate the dynamic destruction process is developed. The equipment is composed of three parts. Part 1: rock/soil mass structure model. Part 2: simulation system under dynamic hydraulic boundary conditions. Part 3: measurement system. The present equipment can be used to investigate the mechanism of dynamic instability of the rock mass of roadbed in complex hydraulic boundary conditions and detect the changing regularity of lateral earth pressure acting on retaining structures under different drainage conditions.

By analyzing each factor influencing the passenger train operation, the evaluation index system of inter-city passenger train operation plan is synthetically built up from two aspects including the operating efficiency of railway transportation enterprises and the service quality of passenger. The. AHP is used to ascertain the weight coefficient of the indexes of each layer. The fuzzy statistics is applied to ascertain me membership grade of the index. On the basis of these, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is set up. The evaluation result of Chengdu-Chongqing inter-city passenger train operation plan indicates that this method impersonally reflects the quantization index reality of the operation plan, and can help us make rational evaluation of the inter-city passenger train operation plan.

To improve the forecast ability of highway freight volume, standard support vector regression (SVR) based on structural risk minimization is applied to forecasting highway freight volume. By selecting polynomial kernel function and appropriate parameters, the proposed method is used for forecasting highway freight volume of Zhengzhou city. Compared with artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression, experimental results show that the training relative error and testing relative error obtained by SVR are lower than those by ANN and linear regression.

Based on train traveling network, the income of railway department and passengers' traveling cost are analyzed. Combined with passengers' traveling psychology, passengers' traveling cost is changed into satisfaction. Integrated optimal model of passenger train stopping plan is built from railway department and passengers. The model shows the passenger initiative of choosing trains. Genetic algorithm is designed through analyzing the model. The algorithm adopts coding mode based on station, and avoids illegal schemes.

The on-ramp control is one of the most effective approaches to resolve traffic jam problems in the traffic control system of freeway. With the analysis of the single ramp's running rules, it can provide the theory for the ramp traffic control, to consequently alleviate the progressively traffic problems. In the paper, the significance, the research situation and the research methods of on-ramp junction capacity are firstly introduced. By analyzing the characteristics of the on-ramp, this paper deduces a model for calculating on-ramp junction capacity based on the existed research production. The relationship between on-ramp merging rate, the Lane 1 flow entering the junction and the junction density is established in this model, and it has been calibrated by the field data collected on Hu-Ning freeway. Compared with the empirical formulas in Highway Capacity Manual 2000(USA), the results show that this model has overcome some defects of the empirical formulas, and the relationship between flow and density turns out to be consistent with the empirical formula.

Upon deposition of spherical particles, a discrete element program which was developed on the platform of VC++ was applied to simulate the re-location of particles under vibration. Computed results show that decreasing the relative dimension of the boundary (ratio of particle's diameter to the length of cubic container) decreases porosity of monosized spheres. For binary mixtures (the small-to-large size ratio is 1: 2) of spherical particles, as the solid volume fraction of the smaller particles increases, the porosity of mixtures will decrease to minimum and then increase. The proposed simulation technique was validated by the physical experiments of packing gravels. Taping mechanism was introduced to the program frame to simulate vibration during packing.

If one unit among "ton-km", "batch", "kg" and "piece" is used to calculate express goods' delivery workload at the destination city, the results can't reflect the impacts that the factors (delivery distance, weight, batch, piece) took to actual delivery workload. The average delivery distance can be considered as a constant factor in calculating express goods' delivery workload at the destination city, and "batch", "weight", "piece" can be synthetically considered as variable factors. The notion of using "converted piece" as a measurement unit is presented, then the formula of delivery workload of the destination city and the method to confirm the weighing of factors (such as weight, batch etc) which influence delivery workload are also given, those provide the method and theory for express corporations to scientifically and reasonably calculate their delivery workload.

With analysis method of economics disequilibrium principle and introduction of quantity signal into the travel market, this paper analyzes the traffic spillover effects during the traveling. Based on the establishment of traffic demand and supply function, in which price and quantity are regarded as main decision variables, this paper applies control theory to show that the disequilibrium of traffic demand and supply is universally exist in the travel market. The price-quantity regulation traffic assignment model with elastic demand is established. The traditional elastic demand traffic assignment model is one special case of the model proposed in this paper.

For a certain trip purpose, travelers need to make their optimal scheduling, namely constitute their optimal planning, and choose departure time, route, trip mode and transfer site, etc. One of the major criteria for decision-making is the relevant travel information obtained, such as cost, traffic condition, transfer information and services, etc. The information for traveler decision-making is defined based on travelers' demand, and then it is analyzed according to trip modes in detail. A new travel information transmission model is proposed based on the information theory. And the obtained travel information of travelers is quantified using information entropy. Also a case of evaluation of the quality of travel information transmission is presented according to surveys data from Chengdu. At the same time, a transmission index model is proposed to evaluate the travel information transmission quality of a trip mode (or a transport enterprise). The index coefficients are determined based on fuzzy mathematics. The application indicates the effectiveness of information entropy method to evaluate the design quality of travel information transmission mode. These methods should be applied synthetically to evaluate the overall level of travel information transmission. Furthermore it offers some good evaluation means for ATIS.

Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) has been proved that it is an effective business practice in SCM (Supply Chain Management). In CPFR stand some core collaborative processes, such as sales forecasting, order forecasting and exception monitoring. However, most of existing forecast and decision researches focused on mathematical methods that have limitations for such stochastic processes. In this paper we suggest a distributed system simulation framework to support SC partners to carry on collaborative forecast and decision in their CPFR practice. In this framework, we use web service technologies to integrate partners' information systems and exchange partners' predictions. To support exceptions capturing, intelligent agents act as monitors to keep watching deviations between predictions and practical running results.

To improve the distribution of passenger stations in a railway hub, the idea of strain membership is introduced for a new method. Analytic Hierarchy Process and Expansion Weighting Arithmetic Average operators (EWAA) are used in calculating train membership. According to the train membership, every train is distributed to relevant station in which the train has the maximal membership, and this allocation is used as initial share scheme. Then overall consideration should be given to such factors as special train, station carrying capacity, link line capacity, station capacity reserve, and load equalization of stations. Satisfactory solution on station division can be therefore obtained. It is verified that this method is adaptive and maneuverable in the process of passenger stations distribution.

In the paper, the basic principles of EFGM are introduced firstly. After simplified the asphalt pavement structure under dual loads, the EFGM is preliminary applied to the mechanical analysis for asphalt pavement structure. The validation of EFGM in mechanical analysis of asphalt pavement is proved by the more accurate computation results and the convenience of post-process compared with the results of FEM. Furthermore, some features about EFGM in asphalt pavement mechanical analysis are also discussed and explained in this paper.

Based on the thoughts of restoration ecology and aesthetics and the analysis of functions of slope planting, this paper indexes eight important evaluations, including green period, relative coverage, richness degree, interception flux, comprehensive resistance, stabilizing effect of root system, aesthetic degree of landscape, maintenance and management level. The quantification method, the weight of each index and the proper evaluation time are given. Finally, the quality grade of expressway slope planting is determined.

Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is an effective approach used to accurately calculate cost and properly distribute cost. The reliable cost control has become the competition focus for Third-Party Logistics Enterprises (TPLs). Nowadays many TPLs have already been provided the prerequisite of applying ABC approach. Basing on the principle of ABC Control, this paper constructs the performance evaluation system in TPLs, establishes the adequate performance model with Fussy Overall Evaluation method building on Combination Weighting, and illustrates the reliability of this method by case analysis. The evaluation result will provide managers the evidence to enhance cost management continuously, and therefore establish pertinent measures and method to improve Cost Control adequately.

Urban rail transit system plays a key role in mobility in urban cities. The operation reliability of trains is a critical performance measure for passenger satisfaction and ultimately affects its market share. This paper discusses the train delay and Propagation characteristics in urban rail transit system. More specifically, this paper discussed the application of the model to assess how punctuality and reliability is affected by changes of availability, buffer time, and reserve rolling stock quantity and so on. A case study in Shanghai rail transit line 3 illustrates the practical value of the model. In this paper we use the simulations to explore the effect of some policy or parameter changes. For example, we use the simulation to compare a policy of allowing buffer time changes. Also, we use the simulations to examine a policy of allowing spare rolling stock number changes. This method can be used to test and compare the reliability of proposed timetable, or schedule changes, before adopting them. And it can also be used to explore some management method to reduce the influence of train delay.

Because of the complicated nonlinear relation between road traffic accident and its influence factors, how to forecast road traffic accident is a problem. Support vector machine(SVM) is the new machine learning tool which is accord with statistic learning theory and overcoming the extra-learning of ANN. In order to improve the forecasting performance, the paper proposes the support vector machine forecasting model of road traffic accident based on statistical data. In the modeling process, the penalty factor and kernel parameter of SVM affects its predict accuracy, therefore the particle swarm optimization arithmetic is utilized to automatically search above parameters. The application of the true example shows the PSO-SVM traffic forecasting model is feasible and precise.

In the view of the existing problems of dynamic segmentation technology's application in urban Geographic Information System for Transportation, the article puts forward the linear reference system of arc-node of urban roads on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of urban transportation information, and builds up dynamic segmentation data model based on the arc-node model. The article studies on dynamic segmentation algorithm and tests its feasibility and accuracy with the examples of partial roads network of Changchun city.

Cracks occur at the bottom of box girder on key segment of Fuli-Taoyuan bridge when tensioning the prestressing wire inside bottom slab by survey and calculation, it can be inferred that the down force under prestressing load is greater than theoretical value. The detail analysis of box girder under actually load reveals that concrete between prestressing wire holes is broken by down force, so cracks occur and propagate. In this paper, the advice of preventing such cracks is proposed.

In this paper, the principal of the Rough Set Theory is introduced, and this paper analyzes the logistics industry structure using Rough Set method, and also collects some data of the logistics industry structure, sets up a novel Rough Set Model based on DEA analysis, this is objectively evaluation methods and constructs logistics industry structure evaluation framework model, the example shows a good solution.

On the basis of laboratory and in-situ tests, performances of Drainage Asphalt Pavement (DAP) were analyzed and compared with Anti-Skid (AK), Stone Asphalt Concrete (SAC) and Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) pavements. The analyzed performances included drainage, physical and mechanical, skid resistance and noise reduction properties. It shows that permeability coefficients of DAP (air voids is 17%–23%) are greater than 2.0 x 10^–2cm/s and 2000ml/min, which is far more than that of dense asphalt pavements. Its high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, skid resistance and noise reduction are excellent because of its large air voids and modified asphalt, but its water stability and anti-fatigue performances are not good enough. As a result, most of the performances of DAP are better than dense asphalt pavements except water stability and anti-fatigue performances.

Dynamic elastoplastic FEM is conducted to set up the detail numerical simulation model of reinforced embankment under earthquake loading. 15-node triangle elements and 5-node liner geogrid elements are used to discrete the soil and reinforcement, nonthickness interface elements are used to model the interaction between the reinforcement and the surrounding soil. The implicit time integration scheme of Newmark is used to produce a more reliable calculation process and usually a more accurate solution. The influences of reinforced embankment design parameters, such as reinforcement-soil interface property, reinforcement elastic axial stiffness, reinforcement placed position and placed type are discussed. The reinforced embankment is inclined to shear slip between the reinforcement and the surrounding soil interface under horizontal earthquake loading. The high axial stiffness reinforcement should be placed near the top of embankment and the embankment reinforced near double side slopes has more advantages to resist the earthquake.

Luminance deficiency of road lighting is one of the primary reasons for night-driving risk. The randomness and uncertainty of accidents caused by luminance deficiency have increased due to vehicle liquidity, and it causes difficult in accident analysing and preventing. In order to ensure lighting safety for night-driving vehicles, according to relevance between lighting intensity and visibility and streetlamp location principle, MATLAB was used to optimize road lighting evenness model. Compared with optimization model analytical data, night luminance of forty-two main roads in Harbin was measured actually by TES-1336A digit luminance acquisition system. The model can effectively design parameters selection of road lighting. The standpoint that luminance evenness is one of the indirect reasons for traffic accident is provided in this paper. Then theoretical basis of streetlamps modification projects for visibility deficiency roads and night-driving accident analyse was established.

Currently, the models and theories for dynamic network traffic assignment have a great deal of limitations and couldn't describe and predict the state flow in the dynamic network in real-time online, and couldn't support setting the dynamic information platform of ITS. In this paper, we present a new real-time, network, space-time and ahead of time (predictive) model for dynamic network traffic assignment. We derive the splitting parallel algorithms of this model, and could simulate. It can follow, recognize and predict the future state of dynamic traffic flow. We provide theories and methods to the ITS that integrating the function such as dynamic traffic guidance; dynamic traffic system management and control, and dynamic traffic jam easing.

Combined with the consideration of the characteristics of city buses and the research of the latest positioning technologies and algorithms, we present a GPS-Free city bus real-time positioning system. This system contains the Optimized Residual Weighting positioning algorithm (ORwgh) which is robust to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error in time of arrival (TOA) measurements and the dead-reckoning positioning method. It synthesizes the results of them according to different application environments. We have simulated the system by taking the line of No. 101 bus in Jinan for example. Simulation results show that the system has high accuracy of positioning which can meet the need of the positioning of city buses.

With the more and more serious problems such as urban traffic accident and jam etc, how to finish short-term traffic forecast is becoming the premise and key of achieving traffic control and inducement. A new forecast method for city short-term traffic flows is presented, based on neuro-fuzzy decision tree method which is different from traditional models and improves FDT's classification accuracy and extracts more accuracy human interpretable classification rules. The results indicate that this method is valid for short-term traffic flows prediction and it will have a good application prospect in this area.

Reaction, normally presented by reaction time, is one of the contributory factors to the safety reliability of road users. The primary purpose of this study is to research the correlation of reaction time and accident liability. Participants involved 392 drivers, who are divided into accident and non-accident groups by accident experience. Four reaction characteristics indexes including simple reaction time, choice reaction time, movement reaction time, and concentration ability are evaluated in the investigation. Results show that the variables of simple reaction time and concentration ability have no relation to the accident; the greatest differences between accident and non-accident groups, however, are found under conditions of choice reaction time; moreover, distance-related changes in movement reaction time are also obtained. Implications for drivers with appropriate reaction characteristics are discussed.

Study on the relationship between urban land-use and transportation system is the precondition in urban land-use and transportation system planning. Taking shanghai for example, this paper firstly describes the relationship between urban land-use and transportation system and chooses urban population, total building area, daily travel demand, traffic structure and level of service (LOS) as model variables to establish system causal loop diagram, feedback flow and corresponding dynamic model. Via calibrating and validating the model with history data, the paper gets the future variable results and so can analyze the results to provide reference for land-use planning and transportation planning.

Depending on the analysis of the randomness of traffic supply and demand, and recurring to the reliability theory, the concept of Level of Service reliability (Los reliability) is proposed in this paper. Defining link of capacities and OD demands as discrete random variables, we establish an approximate algorithm for calculating link and road network Los reliability based on the network most probable states building technique. In the end, a numerical example on a small road network is presented and related results are analyzed.

This paper aiming at the needs of large data, high transmission speed, complex operation and real-time process for fatigue detecting algorithms, the hardware structure of fatigue detecting system based on S3C44BOX was designed, which compose of image collecting modular, image processing modular and image output modular. This system could meet the needs of real-time capture, processing and display of video and it could be served as a video and image processing hardware platform in the fatigue detecting embedded system.

Most achieved evaluation methods for accuracy in traffic engineering are designed to evaluate the determinable quantum, such as evaluation method for traffic incident identification. Those methods can hardly be used in evaluating the accuracy of road traffic state information, since it is a fuzzy variable that different drivers may have various identifications for the same traffic condition. For this problem, this paper presents a user-based evaluation method, namely driver-based evaluation method. Based on the drivers' evaluation, a benchmark traffic state can be got by using an adjacency principle and the accuracy of traffic state information can be analyzed. The driver-based evaluation method can solve the fuzziness in the traffic state identification, and provide a benchmark traffic state which is associated with most drivers' opinions. Also a case study is presented in this paper to test this method. This evaluation approach can be used both as a means to amend the parameters of existent identification model and as a principle for choosing a better algorithm for the traffic state identification. Moreover, the user-based evaluation method can be suggested to evaluate the fuzzy variables in other fields.

To implement on-ramp control and alleviate traffic bottleneck effectively in merging area, on-ramp adaptive traffic volume was researched considering the condition that time headway of different positions on mainline outer lane in merging area is subjected to different probability distributions. Firstly, traffic volume model of different positions on mainline outer lane in freeway merging area was analyzed. Then, by extending the correlative relationships between time headway distribution and traffic volume on mainline outer lane, the following results were obtained, when traffic volume is less than 378pcu/h, time headway is subjected to negative exponentially distribution, when traffic volume is in the range of 378–756pcu/h and 756–1134pcu/h, time headway is subjected to second-order and third-order Erlang distribution respectively. And then, applying gap acceptance theory and considering the three time headway distributions above, corresponding merging traffic volume models on different positions of the outer lane were developed. Lastly, according to the time headway distribution status on outer lane of mainline, on-ramp adaptive traffic volume model was established by means of piecewise integral. Research above indicates that on-ramp adaptive traffic volume in freeway merging area is a function of mainline traffic volume, ramp traffic volume, length of acceleration lane, critical gap and follow-up time. of merging vehicles, and interval status of vehicles' time headway distributions on mainline outer lane.

The limitations of the traditional planning theory of special passenger transportation line were analyzed. Based on the analysis of current situation of highway construction and development trend, the planning theory of special passenger highway transportation line with the boundary of passenger and freight is presented in the paper. The system of regional special passenger transportation line was defined from the point of view of comprehensive transportation firstly, the method of special passenger transportation line network planning was proposed, and a linear programming model of choosing the special passenger transportation line and its sort was given. Finally, the feasibility of theory and method proposed in this paper was proved by a practical example.

The model of assignment problem and the model of minimum rate with maximum flow are principal models for optimizing locomotive working diagrams, however, deficiency occurs when they come to partially double traction. The paper presents a linear integer programming model to solve problems in optimizing locomotive working projects, under paired or unpaired train diagram, single traction, and fully or partially double traction. To predigest solving process and promote practicability, the model is firstly simplified to the model of minimum rate circulation flow and then to the model of minimum rate set flow.

Dynamic forecast for wagon flow of railway net is playing important roles in the railway dispatching process, and it is the base of transportation plan establishment and wagon flow adjustment. The method for wagon flow forecast was treated by hand for a long time, so the wagon information is not open, perfect and real-time, which have led to the serious hard state for transportation. So, an Agent-based IDSS model of wagon flow forecast is established in the paper, and the Agent-based model structure and its realization and me rolling intelligent forecast method for three class wagon flow are put forward, which can meet the request of Ministry of Railways, railway administration and station, and solve the existing problem by actual method. The model can not only provide the full and exact information service and decision support for transportation administrator of all levels and improve the automatization level of train dispatching, but also effectively balance the transportation ability of all main line. So the realization of the model can obtain obvious society benefit and economy returns.

Aiming at problems of managing methods and monitoring system of current freight overloading vehicles on high class highways in China, a new framework model of remote monitoring system was presented, with weigh-in-motion and information network transmit technology. And for the purpose of following analysis to collected data, a software system based on database and data mining technology was developed. The system constructed in this paper, avoided some defects of traditional monitoring system such as low network level, weak automation degree, and bad utilized rate of statistical data, which could provide powerful decision support to manage freight overloading trucks, design road surface and enact government rule and policy.

Pollution caused by transportation is multifaceted. Waste gas and noise are main pollutions. The environmental impact from these pollutions will be different because of different weather, geographic place and population density. So it is dynamic to evaluate environmental affects from transportation. Along with the change of influential factors, the same pollution discharge may lead to different environmental impact. Setting up a suitable indicator system is important for evaluating the impact on environment from transportation. The paper sets up an indicator system of transportation environment and a dynamic evaluation model of transportation environment based on SVM. Firstly, indicators grade standards dispersed the standard district and produced efficient samples. These samples are revised according to the weather and geographic place. Finally, the dynamic comprehensive evaluation of transportation environment quality is obtained based on SVM.

Three kinds of vehicle acoustic signals: cars, jeeps, and trucks are studied. According to the analysis of vehicles acoustic signal signature in time-domain and frequency-domain, a feature extraction algorithm is proposed which take the time-domain energy of the acoustic signals in different scales after wavelet decomposition as the feature vectors. An improved BP neural network classifier for vehicle target classification is designed. Experiment results have shown that the proposed feature extraction algorithm can distinguish different types of vehicles with satisfactory rate of correct recognition, and feature vector is robust. The classification accuracies can reach as high as 92%.

This article looked through public transport operation scale decision-making process in planning with Nash Equilibrium from Game Theory in order to optimize the use of public transport resources. With defined interest, cost and response functions for public transport services, it built a model to describe the competition between public transport service sectors like bus companies and managed to reach Nash Equilibrium. Result of an example proves that if bus companies make separate decisions, they will put too many vehicles into operation. As a consequence, roads under overuse, cost increase, and passengers scatter. Public transport system failed to reach the optimization. That's why systematical macro-coordination on public transport planning is necessary and significant.

Based on analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of pedestrian during evacuation, the opportunity model was used to estimate destination choices of pedestrians and an OD matrix was obtained. Then, evacuation process was simulated in VISSIM environment, and time needed to evacuate all residents in the residential district was calculated. Pedestrian's distribution was changed after adjusting layout of residential buildings, and corresponding simulation results were observed and comparative analysis was done. The results indicate that efficiency of evacuation under decentralized layout of buildings is higher than the one under centralized layout.

There are some obstacles for the disabled and the elder in the urban mass transit system, such as steps, slits. Based on principles of barrier-free design, taking the elder, disabled, expectant/nursing mothers and those who carry baggage as specifically users, this paper studied their behavior and the obstacles in urban mass transit system and made the intensive study of the urban mass transit vehicle and waiting space from their physiological demand and psychological demand. Put forward plans of waiting space, wheelchair place, priority seats in urban mass transit system.

The several parallel routes within one transportation corridor must be special in function to come to the transportation balance between demand and supply, to improve the transportation efficiency of routes, also to decrease the transportation accidents. Firstly, the relevant influence factors for route function configuration are analyzed. Then, the function group of the parallel routes is defined, the mathematic model on routes' demand characteristic is given, and a multi-objective system optimization model to optimize the function configuration is established. Moreover, the reliability of the parallel routes is evaluated. At last, the measures of assuring the optimization from me engineering and management points are discussed respectively.

The dynamic response of rigid pavement under moving multi-load is investigated. Solutions of dynamic stress and deflection of infinite plate on viscoelastic foundation subjected to moving load are obtained by means of Fourier transform. Four load patterns are discussed respectively, including single-wheel load, single-axle load, tandem-axle load and whole-vehicle load. The numerical calculations are carried out by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). In the numerical example, the dynamic responses obtained with the four load patterns are compared. It is found that tandem-axle load is the major cause for the maximum response of the plate. In the end, the effects of load traveling velocity, thickness and elastic modulus of the plate on the distribution of the deflection and the stress are studied.

The average task cycle time formulation for storage/ retrieval machine are presented considering various travel speeds with known acceleration and deceleration rates. Consider the speed profiles in real-world applications, simulation experiments with discrete storage locations are constructed to find the relationship of average single-command cycle time and length and height of rack. Rack area is divided into several storage zones and could be useful tools for realizing economical design and efficient management for automated storage/ retrieval system (AS/RS) in real-world applications.

It has become much important for the development of modern human being and sociality to research on the essential reason of traffic accidents and the effective countermeasures against them, then to raise the road safety. Through lots of observations and analyses of traffic accident conditions and the effects of persons and vehicles and road conditions in traffic system on traffic safety, it is found that the road safety guarantee level, driver safety perception and their fitness relationship are three important factors to the road traffic safety. Based on the definitions of the road safety guarantee level and driver safety perception, their basic models are established. The final conclusions are that road traffic safety needs the fundamental safety guarantee level of road and driver safety perception, and that the road safety guarantee level should be bigger than driver safety perception, moreover their level difference "1" is the ideal fitness in theory.

Tracks as main channels on the sea are very important for safety of ships sailing. Tracks have become the sea areas with the most traffic jam and accident because of the lower automatic level of track management. Therefore, it is necessary to improve automatic management capability for tracks with the development of digital tracks and digital harbors. The feasibility of design for digital tracks management model is analyzed by using intelligent technology and combining the environment of track waters and features of ship sailing. Related features for design are discussed. After that a basic model of digital tracks management multi-agents and a ship agent model are designed. Finally applications of the digital tracks management model are stated. This paper provides a hew researching direction on the safe modern management of me ship sailing environment with intelligent thought.

Urban tunnel entrance section is the main danger zone. At the entrance, merging traffic triggers safety problem, so it is necessary to evaluate the traffic safety at merging area for urban tunnel. Currently, traffic conflict data are not sufficient to evaluate traffic safety level effectively through traffic conflict technique. In this paper, based on the condition that the number of traffic conflict is positively related to traffic volume, the relationship between traffic volume and traffic conflict is studied, and the relationship model between traffic flow and conflict at tunnel entrance merging area is built based on the following assumption: vehicle arriving frequency distribution is close to random distribution when traffic density is relatively low and is close to binomial distribution when traffic is congested. The model can be used to calculate the number of traffic conflicts based on traffic volumes, which improves the safety evaluation method based on traffic conflict technique. Finally, a case study is brought forward to prove the reliability of the model.

There are a great number of uncertainties in the process of dealing with multi-objective fuzzy decision-making, and vague set has great advantages on dealing with uncertainty. By analyzing the characters of trace function and precision function and their disadvantages that it was sometime difficult in determining which scheme was better, a new multi-objective fuzzy decision-making algorithm, based on the unknown degree and uncertainty degree of vague sets, is given in this paper which was used to solve the problem of the Third Part Logistics Providers Preference. The final result of decision-making verified the efficiency and feasibility of the algorithm. The new algorithm used existent methods for reference, at the same time overcomes their disadvantages. The new algorithm was proved reasonable in this paper and was applied into searching optimal scheme, and the result showed that it was effective and feasible. This paper introduces a new effective decision-making method to solve multi-objective fuzzy decision-making problem, at the same time it broadened a new thought for vague set applied on other fields.

The rear-end collision is a main type of traffic accidents of freeway, and the distance between vehicles is a main factor. By analysis of driver's reaction characteristics and factors such as age, gender, speed, drug or alcohol; and combining brake system structure and deceleration process of vehicles, and friction coefficient of road surface, this paper attempts to model the safety distance between vehicles. On the base of analyzing and quantization the factors which affect safety distance, authors calculate the value of safety distance between vehicles. It is found that if the vehicle-gap ranges from relative safety distance to absolute safety distance, the rear-end collision accident can be avoided; and the velocity difference of vehicles is a key factor of the frequent and number of traffic accidents.

The cold chain is a special supply chain. It includes not only the characteristics of supply chain, but also the characteristics itself. This paper synthetically considers the characteristics of performance evaluation of supply chain and cold chain itself by analyzing the supply chain characteristic of cold chain. It puts forward evaluation indexes of cold chain from five parts: cold chain delivery reliability, cold chain responsiveness, cold chain decision-making ability, cold chain cost and cold chain asset management efficiency. Since it is established based on the BP (Back Propagation) Neural Network, the performance evaluation model of cold chain can be immune from the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty of traditional methods with respect to value and confident.

Airfield road surface roughness is the major impact source of aircraft, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is usually applied to analyze road surface roughness. However, DFT has serious limitations, especially it has no time domain analysis function. To overcome this problem, wavelet transform for analyzing airfield road surface roughness and aircraft's dynamic response was proposed. Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model (Gersch W. et al, 1976) was used to establish time series of road surface roughness. Asymmetrical mathematical model of aircraft was presented via Quarter Car Simulation (QCS). Time series of road surface roughness was input, and aircraft's vibration response corresponding to this roughness input was obtained. The results show that correlation between aircraft's dynamic response and road surface roughness is linear in a certain frequency range. Aircraft's vibration responses increase with road surface roughness excitation. Road surface roughness also can be deduced via aircraft's dynamic response. Wavelet analysis method can be applied to establish correlation between road surface roughness and aircraft's response.

The transport quality influences directly on the safety and quality of perishable goods. As to the loading of the perishable goods, the method of loading is one of the important techniques to ensure the quality of perishable goods. The well-established air circulation system should be established in a refrigerated transport vehicle or container and then the temperature can be under control. Based on the reality of perishable goods transportation on railroad, this paper takes the good air circulation system as the condition and sets the improvement of the capacity of the container as a goal, to build up the correspondingly mathematical model and hierarchical optimization strategy. According to the operation of the loading process of the perishable goods, a heuristic algorithm has been put forward to solve thes problem. Compared with past experiences, the method is more effective.

Vehicle-intelligent-auxiliary-drive-system (VIADS) is an important part of the intelligent transport system. It is the Computer Vision (CV) technique that is one of challenges for the VIADS to face. In this paper, principle of CCD imaging and CV technology are combined to realize obstacle and distance detection automatically and to solve the two key problems: obstacle detection and distance measurement. The experiment results prove that it is an effective method, which can offer important control basis for automatic driving.

Based on the theory of virtual work and principle of thermal elasticity, exact solutions for in-plane displacements of curved beams with pinned-pinned ends are derived explicitly. In the case of infinite limit of radius, these equations coincide with that of the straight beams. Compared with the results of FEM, the analytical solutions by the proposed formulae are accurate. A real multi-span curved bridge subjected to concentrated loads caused by the friction force on the top of piers and thermo load due to temperature difference is analyzed by using the newly derived equations as well as FEM. The agreement further suggests the practicability of the proposed theory. The analytical solutions obtained in this paper would provide a scientific base for further study and design of the curved bridges.

With the extensive application of Weigh-in-Motion technique on highway, in this paper, the signal processing method of strip piezoelectric sensor is researched according to its output signal characters based on the development of Weigh-in-Motion system. Firstly, the time distribution of tire pressure of vehicles is deduced through the spatial distribution of vehicle's tire pressure. Secondly, the time distribution of tire pressure on sensor is deduced when the tire rolls the strip piezoelectric sensor based on the time distribution of tire pressure. Lastly, the calculated time distributions of tire pressure on sensor in dissimilar speeds are compared to the measured signals of strip piezoelectric sensor on spot, and then the signal processing method is obtained.

With the large scale traffic engineering institute becoming more and more popular in the market, it is essential to carry out and strengthen the management of project. The essay analyzes the features of traffic engineering survey design project and large scale traffic engineering design institutes. Therefore, the goal, function and overall structure of the management system of information project and the implement of the system was proposed in this paper. The system has been employed in China railway eryuan engineering group for more than one year and performances well. With the further improvement of this system, the management of the large scale traffic engineering survey design institutes will be put in practice.

In this paper, we analyze the condition of three-station scattered freight loading problem and use least wasting ton kilometer as object building up optimal model of this problem. Three-station scattered freight loading is a continuous assignment problem, the carrying capacity is wasted when we organize many-station scattered freight loading and middle stations have not freight be loaded. How to optimize the three-station scattered freight loading problem so that made carrying capacity wasting least is a worthy problem under the condition of railway wagons shortage and transportation capacity density. We obtain the solution according genetic algorithm; dispose the inefficacious solution according chromosome fitness and incidence matrices. Finally some experiments are performed to show the effectiveness of the models and algorithms. The results indicate that GA is effective to solve such problem.

The shipping market is characterized by high fluctuation range and obvious periodicity which greatly influence the fleet planning. In this paper, a linear programming model is developed for one fleet to minimize the cost within a circle of shipping market. Then an optimal strategy for development can be obtained in three modes, namely, purchasing, charting and joint venture ships. Finally, a numerical test regarding a complete cycle is carried out to testify the validity of the model. Results show that the dynamic method based on the periodic variation of shipping market can successfully reduce the capital risk.

Lean theory has been applied to the operation of Third-party Logistics (TPL) to eliminate the waste in supply chain logistics. This paper provides an integrated model of Third-party Lean Logistics (TPLL), which is divided into three hierarchies, from top to bottom namely the principle tier, planning tier, and tactic tier. According to the relationship of top-down guidance and bottom-up support, this study details the main content and element. Directions for future research are presented in this area.

An inventory optimal model is built under stochastic customer demand. Predictive model is used to decrease disturbed customer demand. BP neural network is adopted to deal with non-linear problem in the supply chain system. The simulation between each node of enterprise and inventory position is showed. It may well predict dynamic and non-linear inventory level at next time.

This paper uses a Monte Carlo model to estimate the vehicle delays in the condition of green traffic-light controlled by pre-timed four-phase signal. Here the vehicle delay is mainly caused by pedestrians who disobey traffic signals at the road junction. In the model, the signal cycle is divided into a series of sub time and each sub time lasts 1s. The model includes five sections: pedestrian generator, pedestrian behavior model, vehicle generator, vehicle behavior model, and statistical model. Pedestrian generator is used to generate a sequence of pedestrian arriving at the crosswalk. Pedestrian behavior model includes a series of rules about pedestrians crossing the road. Vehicle generator is used to statistically generate the vehicles reaching the road junction. Vehicle behavior model includes a series of rules for vehicles passing the junction of road with crosswalk. The statistical model calculates the average delay of vehicle arriving at each sub time and total average delay as well. In the end, the model is validated by the data collected from an intersection in Dongguan. The results prove that the proposed model can meet the requirement of time optimization controlled by signal when there is a vehicle delay at each sub time.

According to the analysis on railway section, this paper gives a queuing model, and calculates the average sojourn time that the train spends in the queuing system and the maximal carrying capacity. Moreover, this paper explores the model deeply, and develops the relationship between the section occupation rate and the average queue length. At last, the section occupation boundary rate of different queuing systems based on the equal service time is provided through numerical analysis.

In order to resolve some typical problems existing in modern logistics information system, such as tight coupling, platform and language dependent and hard to extend, we establish a SOA based Logistics Service Grid (LSG) system model. This model adopts OGSA with SOA software model, deploys services in different granularity into different layers and achieves information sharing and interactive by services. Combining with business characters of logistics, this paper proposes core modules of this LSG frame and describes in detail about Task and Resource Dispatch module and scheduling algorithm based on credit of nodes. This paper indicates that SOA based LSG can improve loose coupling capability of heteriod data sharing and interoperation among multiple platforms efficiently, further to achieve dynamic dispatching.

In the Code for Rating Existing Railway Bridges of China, the control index of lateral stiffness of piers is lateral maximum amplitude of pier top, but the influencing factors are not considered completely. This paper presents the statistic analysis for dynamic characters of railway solid piers, and the integrated index which is most sensitive to the lateral maximum amplitude of pier top, the lateral vibration rule of railway solid piers is researched both practically and theoretically and the experimental and calculated value are compared with the limited value in rating code. It is concluded that the limited value, which is only associated with piers' dimension, can not reflect the characteristic of couple vibration between the beams and piers, and the limited lateral amplitude should be associated with the structural characteristic of beam-pier system.

Accurate and speedy model of freeway traffic flow is the key for intelligent traffic control, but the results of existing freeway traffic flow modeling are not satisfactory. The wavelet transform is used to eliminate traffic noise and disturbance, and the traffic flow model is built based on a recurrent neural network in this paper. First, the freeway macroscopic traffic flow model is analyzed. Then the noise elimination method of wavelet transform is formulated, and Elman recurrent network is used for traffic flow modeling. The weights of the Elman network are obtained with an improved algorithm. Finally, a freeway with five segments, an on-ramp and an off-ramp is simulated. BP and RBF neural networks are chosen in contrast to the Elman network. The results show that the Elman network has the fewest training epochs, the smallest error and the best generalization ability. The fast learning ability and high dynamic performance of this recurrent network provide a novel and practical way to realize on-line modeling and control of traffic flow.

According to accident data statistics in China, the pavement skid-resistance performance influenced traffic safety greatly in expressway tunnels. Skid-resistance evaluation standard for common highway section can't be applied to tunnel pavement for the special traffic environment in tunnels. Based on drivers' expectation of pavement adhesion, traffic characteristics in tunnel and vehicle dynamics, critical braking adhesion coefficient is proposed as the unacceptable level of skid-resistance for tunnel pavement, and then safety evaluation standard of skid-resistance performance for tunnel pavement is carried out. Finally, safety measures related to pavement skid-resistance performance are discussed.

Under stochastic market demand, this paper launches the research on warehousing capacity allocation policy to maximize revenue of third party warehousing company with revenue management. Firstly, this paper formulates mathematical models with consideration of the uncertainty of demands among ranks of goods during the entire season, and then produces the optimal solution; secondly, this paper exhibits detailed policies with numeric simulation, and analyzes relationship between allocation and marginal price, marginal price and level of service and so on. This paper hopes the feasible models could help warehousing companies to make scientific decisions.

The characteristics of Chinese high speed railway are the mixed transportation of passenger and freight on line, and large difference in traveling speed for different kinds of trains. Thus the requirement on setting superelevation on curve is becoming higher. The better method of solving this problem is to enhance the radius of curve, and set the superelevation value according to the average speed of all kinds of trains on one line. The maximum excessive and deficient superelevation can meet all trains' running, passenger's comfort, and maintenance requirement. For the purpose of adjusting the outer rail superelevation on curve, an intelligent system is put forward in this paper. It can adjust the outer rail superelevation in real time to meet the needs of trains with different speed, and remove excessive and deficient superelevation in theory when transiting the curve. The system is mainly comprised of DSD (detecting speed device), CPS (central processing system), SAD (superelevation adjusting device), and SCD (supervision and control device). In this paper, the principle, key technologies, feasibility, problems needed to solve and applied foreground of this intelligent system are discussed.

On 2^nd and 19^th, May, 2005, 11 peoples died in traffic accidents respectively. These two things arouse many reports and discusses in the Internet, which mainly focused on the reasons of the accidents. This paper examined the accidents again, from the aspects of drivers, communication bureau, highway police, and safety watchdog bureau etc. Especially, the reason for the long distance maintenance for Chu Da Highway in Yunnan Province was scrutinized, which demonstrated the Chinese trait again. The worse communication markets, rather unconsciousness of safety for the drivers, road merging caused by long distance highway maintenance, loose road administration etc. are the realities for road tragedies. To eliminate such tragedies, the highway related bureaus should act properly in their roles. The local government should take the communication safety as its important administration target, and the education of people, enforcement of communication act, engineering for safety control and emergency rescue should take as the synthetically measures to reach the target.

The main activities of daily and shift plan in railway bureau dispatch center are analyzed in this paper. The thought that wagon flow calculating is the key of developing railway dispatch system is confirmed. And the realization method of making the railway networks in digital is given. Meanwhile, the principle and implementation of marking the wagon flow direction code by man-machine conversation mode are also expounded. Moreover, the method to describe the Freight Train Makeup Plan (FTMP) by wagon flow direction code is discussed in detail. The relationship between FTMP and the basic train diagram is established. And the maintenance model of FTMP is also set up. Furthermore, the wagon flow calculating model and algorithm are elaborated in detail. On the basis of the model and algorithm, the simple and practical algorithm for making departure train plan is given with respect to the characteristics of present railway dispatch situation in China. All the algorithms stated in this paper are implemented by Java and applied in railway bureau Daily and Shift Plan System (DSPS) successfully. In practice, the models and algorithms are proved to be feasible and effective. And it will facilitate the railway bureau dispatch routine to some extent.

When a ship takes a route of avoiding TC, it will change the original sailing course temporarily, and make extra cost caused by longer sailing time and more fuel oil consumption. Besides, for the same ship, the costs will be differed according to the avoiding TC routes. In order to give a quantitative evaluation and control on the cost of ship's avoiding TC routes, and provide scientific basis for the decision making of optimum TC avoidance routing, this paper present the concept and a model of quantitative analysis of non-accident loss of ship's avoiding TC route. Based on these, the method of determining the loss and loss matrix of ship's avoiding TC route has been put forward. And the actual process to evaluate the loss and loss matrix has been showed in an example of a bulkcarrier. The result shows that the model and method provided in this paper can give important quantitative basis for the cost analysis and control in the process of decision making of optimum TC avoidance routing.

In this paper, the analysis on the complexity characteristic of traffic flow system is deepened through introducing characteristic quantities of complexity, such as Lempel-Ziv complexity, statistical complexity, approximate entropy, and combining the criterion methods of chaos & fractal. The Lyapunov index, relevancy dimension and their complexity characteristic quantities of actual traffic flows are calculated. By virtue of the calculation results, some useful conclusions are obtained.

Bus Transit Route Network Design Problem can be described as an optimization issue of minimizing the overall cost (user and operator) incurred. In this paper, TRNDP based on Initial Candidate Routes Generation and Transit Routes Optimal Choice, which is related to Transit Assignment was studied. This paper focused on the theories and methods of applying an Improved Genetic Algorithm, which utilized the idea of Simulated Annealing Extending to TROC. Test results manifested that this IGA can improve the premature at early evolution stage and slowly evolution speed at late stage greatly than Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA).

The vehicle train is a complex system in which tractor and trailer interacted and coupled with each other, and the analysis on the lateral stability is related to several fields such as multi-body dynamics, rigid-flexible coupling mechanics, aerodynamics, nonlinear kinematics, electronic controllability etc. The principle of vehicle dynamics with the scale model theory was used to develop the mathematical model of the lateral stability to vehicle train, the similarity between the semi-trailer combination and the model was analyzed. Tests on snaking characteristic of the scale model of tractor-trailer were carried out at the different velocity and the structure parameters. And in this paper, the effects of use and structure parameters on the tractor-trailer lateral stability were discussed by comparing the results of the scale model test with the digital simulation. The results indicated that the mathematical simulation and scale model test simulation have the same quality so as to develop the feasibility of improving the capability of test and reverse-deducing to real tractor-trailer combination.

Considering the effect of the movement of wheel and rail and the traction force, the formula to calculate creepages between wheel and rail are given in this paper, and characteristics of wheel/rail dynamic interaction are studied on the basis of a theory of vehicle-track coupling dynamics, and the safety on negotiation of the locomotive with the traction is investigated and assessed in detail. Many theoretical results show that under the condition of the traction, the value and the direction of the creep force in longitudinal can be changed, when a locomotive passes through a curved track with a speed of 140 km/h and a radius of 1600 m, some of safety indices, including the derailment coefficient and the wheel/rail lateral force, are up to their limits, it is suggested that the traction power should be no higher than 4500 kW from the point of view of safety according to the railway vehicle specification for evaluation of dynamic performance and accreditation test in Chinese Railway.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has the profoundness and complexity that the evolutions of transportation system did not have ever before. A variety of advanced technologies, especially information technology, have been integrated in intelligent vehicles (IVs). That results in a multimedia information environment for the IV driving. Howevert these individual technologies have yet to be integrated to create a fully intelligent vehicle with adequate information load that works cooperatively with the drivers. Aimed at the information measurement of driving decision-making support environment of information, a new method of semantic tree is proposed to evaluate the understanding of information for driving, and discussions are focused on the definitions of concept system, calculations of information granularity and depth. With regard to the relative syntax and pragmatic measurement of information, some primary viewpoints are also introduced. The conceptual designs of tri-dimensional measurement of semantic information and compound measurement of information for intelligent driving come into being at last.

ITIO (Inventory-transportation Integrated Optimization) is important in modern distributing logistics system. To achieve ITIO it is necessary to study One-warehouse Multi-retailer distributing network. The mathematic model, which suits stochastic demanding and many products, should be established with a bi-level programming model. Because of the complexity and enormous calculation, a heuristic algorithm should be designed to coordinate inventory between the supplier and the demander. Meanwhile, ITIO under VMI mode also need to be considered in order to realize the mathematic description and the heuristic algorithm to the massive practice of the modern distributing logistics system.

Through establishing scientific indices and methods for evaluating traffic congestions, the performance efficiency of the urban traffic system can be determined and the changing trend of traffic, congestions can be readily captured. The existing methods for the traffic congestion evaluation either calculate traffic delays of all vehicles in the system using the traffic flow data, or evaluate the changes of long-term travel times and fuel consumption. Such methods lack the appropriate evaluation indices that can trace the real time congestion situations. This paper is intended to develop traffic congestion evaluation models and provide the respective evaluation grades using the traffic experiment-based fuzzy logic approach, which is accomplished by analyzing the traffic flow characteristics on the classified roads of Beijing, in conjunction with the perceptions of travelers about the level of congestions. The proposed evaluation models can capture the dynamic characteristics of traffic congestions on the entire network. In the case study, traffic congestion indices are evaluated for the typical time periods and the key geographical locations using the floating car data (FCD) collected for different years in Beijing. As a result, the paper summarizes the temporal and spatial distributions and the changing trends of traffic congestions in Beijing. It shows that the annual increase rate of the congestion is 6.84% for all day, 7.99% for the peak within the Fourth-Ring areas. Such an evaluation provides an analytical foundation to the relevant studies associated with mitigating traffic congestions in Beijing.

The enterprises have different requests and preferences to suppliers of different material. Based on supplier subdivision, considering the supplier's potential and actuality, the improved DEA model is used in the paper, which can choice the supplier impersonal and reasonable. The model is different from the DEA model with AHP constraint cone, improves the subjectivity of AHP, and realizes the whole taxis of decision-making units in DEA.

Economic assemblages which make continuous and prompt progress in regional economy, forming the "gain-in pole", economy of city circle centered in megalopolis as the main stream of economic development surrounding the cities, characterized in circularity, gradually expanded, shaped a "polarization-diffusion" effect in central cities and its hinterland or sideward towns, is an internal economy-related network. Modern logistic, as an important composing part of operative serving industry, transferring from an administrative supporting function in the 1970s to strategic guiding function in the 1990s, has a close relationship with regional economy integration. The discrepancies and complementarities within and of regional economy system is the fundamental reason for regional logistics development. Serving as a guide in the service to the development of regional economy accompanied by the quantity increases of regional logistic, the assembling of modern logistics would play a key role. The predominance of industry clusters in which form compact industry chains embodies the low cost and innovation in regional economy. The convergence effect of logistic industry is close related to the upgrade of the industry chain value. Based on the basic characters and function position of modern logistics, this paper discusses the connotation and functional mechanism of the convergence of modern logistic industry, analyses the relationship between regional economy and logistic service industry, and argues the optimizing function of industry structure under the influence convergence of logistic service industry. Following the standardized researching methods, the paper put forward the basic frame of operation pattern in the area where modern logistic will assemble in China.

Many of the road accidents can be attributed to driver failures. Mental workload was an effective index of drivers' status, so measurement of driver's mental workload is significant to improve the driving safety. In this research, four types of measurements were adopted to measure the driver's mental workload on different road types and with presence or absence of the secondary task. The results showed that the combination of responses to the critical event of the leading car, heart rate and subjective mental workload rating was an effective approach to measure drivers' mental workload in this situation. Actual or potential applications of this research include developing driver status monitoring or warning system and developing an effective technique to evaluate driver distraction.

Research on feasible planning method and theory of the regional integrated transportation network is a pressing issue in order to fully achieve the network's global efficiency and optimize the use of transportation resources in national economy. Based on the analysis of the discrepancy between regional and urban integrated transportation planning, this paper proposed the basic contents, a four-level method, which includes macro, medium, micro and implementation levels to conduct the node-link-area hierarchy planning process, and process of the regional integrated transportation network layout planning. In addition, combining with case study, by adopting the layered planning method, a practical regional integrated transportation hub and corridor layout scheme was given in consideration of the demand forecast in the years ahead. This paper will be instructive in designing the framework of regional integrated transportation network.

There is large logistics amount in the waterpower project site during the big hydropower projects construction. The roads arrangement, traffic planning and resources optimization during construction are important problem concerned with the implementation and cost of the project. Roads layout design and logistics planning of project construction site are mainly studied. With the help of planning break down technology of MRP ideas, the transportation plans are built up. Then the transport planning optimization model is built up mainly for macroscopical optimization. Aimed at microcosmic optimization, such as the selection, comparison and optimization of roads, the transport process dynamic optimization model is built up by computer dynamic simulation technology. And then the roads layout and transportation optimization model are built up by coupling the above two models. An instance shows that the roads and transportation optimization model equipped with the MPR ideology, computer simulation and visualization technology handles the optimization of construction layout in hydropower project well.

Today, the development of the third party logistics is unbalanced between enterprises with different size, and between different industries in China. The third party logistics is the result of social division of labor, but the contradiction between division of labor and trade cost becomes the basic restriction of the involution of division of labor, which is against the development of the third logistics. Using principle of neoclassical economy, and based on analyzing the relationship between enterprise logistics price subsidy and trade cost, and on comparing the enterprise's utility under different trade structure, the inframarginal of enterprise Logistics outsourcing and the relationship between trade efficiency and enterprise's production utility had been studied to identify enterprise whether adopting Logistics outsourcing or doing it by itself. The result of this paper was helpful to enterprises to select different logistic modes and to drastically, and to government to establish industry policy.

The paper studies on the wind erosion control measures efficiency for the roadbed at the worst wind erosion area, Cuona lakeside, Ando county. Its results show that the upright-concrete sand fence has obviously effect on the wind erosion controlling. Especially taking the multiple pieces upright-concrete sand fence system as a comprehensive defense system, it reduced wind velocity by rate 14.41–91.41 % behind the first piece windbreak at difference site as compared to the control, behind second piece windbreak, it reduced wind velocity by rate 37.49∼92.61 %, and 23.44∼87.49 % of the third piece windbreak, respectively. It reduced wind erosion rate range from several times to hundred times as compared to the control according the step-like silt passive sampler calibrated data.

Pavement concrete should have high compressive strength and flexural strength, and its brittleness should be lower. In this testing research, brittleness coefficient of pavement concrete decreases with the increasing of content of fly ash and FDN, which shows that adding fly ash and FDN into pavement concrete can decrease its brittleness. The microstructure shows that adding fly ash and FDN can better pore structure of concrete, reduce transition zone and thereby reduces its brittleness.

Firstly the paper summarizes the latest ways and application in the strategy of lot size in MRP, and from the view of increasing and optimizing the precision in the medium to long-term planning, decreasing the cost of production and transition, and optimizing the supply chain, the paper puts forward a new optimum lot size control strategy based on the computer technology, statistics, operations research and compute method, and then sets up relevant mathematic model to carry on analysis.

China's coastal ports have been facing great pressure since 2000, and higher actual accomplished throughput than port's handling capacity has come forth as a common phenomenon, especially severe in container ports. This paper puts forward the conception of port throughput adaptability, suggests the way to revise current computation for port capacity of throughput concerning main factors affecting the seaport's development, and at last, builds a port construction model which can confirm the opportunity and scale of China's coastal port construction properly. It could be believable that the method brought forward here is of strong applicable and practical, and could be the basis for the present seaport in confirming how to enlarge its production scale and when to build new berth.

To solve the coupling between the each channel of the vehicle interior active noise control system, an active control method of multi-channel based on neural network model is proposed in this paper. The theory of this method is researched and the simulation of this method is analyzed by using the matlab/simlink toolbox. Vehicle interior active noise control experiments of dual-channel are carried out. The results show that the noise sound pressure level which in the local space around the driver's and copilot's ear positions is reduced by 10∼14dB(Lin).

Advantage of high speed railway has been approbated in the world. But railway noise is more and more serious. The higher speed of railway car, the bigger value of noise then its harm is more evident. The noise that passes to railway car body interior can considerably reduce ride comfort; the noise passes to railway car body exterior will be made the area along railway, which strictly demands to noise suffer heavily. Noise abatement and reduction has become one of the major research questions on the railway car design, manufacturing department and environmental protection. The paper analyzes types of high speed railway car noise source and producing mechanism, tests railway car body interior noise applying sound intensity theory, and researches its propagation path and distribution property deeply. It puts forward that aerodynamic noise has larger influence relative to wheel-rail noise along with the increase of running speed. The conclusions provide a reference for studying on railway car noise controlling.

The real-time, accurate and credible prediction information of traffic flow is the promise and the basic of realizing dynamic route guidance system, but the traditional prediction methods and neutral network don't work well with their inherent defects. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a new learning machine with preferable prediction for the small samples. In this paper, a new prediction model of short-term traffic flow based on Lagrange Support Vector Regression (LSVR) was presented. Experimental results showed that compared to other forecasting method, LSVR could make better effects.

Using traffic flow principle, this paper derives a formula of the optimum road length of the container port with the most traffic capacity. The paper resolves the problem of time and space integration according to the geometry principle based on the hypothesis of linear density distribution. By means of city road investigating, the paper practically surveys the traffic parameters of container trucks in the port and gets the data. By analyzing these data, it finally gets the parameters, which reflect the container truck flow in the port.

A synchronized optimization model that integrated timetabling, vehicle scheduling and crew scheduling was developed according to the regional bus operating system and the multilevel programming in this paper to deal with the relative ineffectiveness of the traditional single-line and sequential bus operating model from the perspective of both utilizing the company's resources and meeting the passengers' trip demands. Simultaneously, the satisfaction criteria were initialized to select a set of the satisfied solutions instead of an only optimized outcome for the succeeding model to decide. Finally, an experiment with the Multilevel Nesting Taboo Search (MNTS) was given, and the computational results demonstrated that the model was reasonable and that the algorithm was efficient and feasible.

We investigate stock-replenishment problem in a one-warehouse-n-retailer supply chain, in which warehouse supplies single product to n-retailers. When supply chain is designed to gain optimal system cost, some firms intend to deviate the agreement to maximize their profit, and such kind of deviation may cause supply chain inefficiency. In this paper, game theory is used as a tool to balance profit among retailers. When retailers replenish their stock in a Nash Equilibrium, each can maximize own profit while pondering other retailers. Mathematical model for this n-retailer game is constructed. And at last, we prove that there exists at least one equilibrium in this game.

Capacity of connecting area between urban expressway off-ramp's terminal and street junction was studied in this paper. Firstly, characteristic of traffic flow in the connecting area were summarized on the basis of vehicle trajectory analysis. Then, based on gap acceptance theory, a linear model was built to analyze capacity of the connecting area, considering the factors such as the signal control of junction, weaving ratio, and vehicles' queuing characteristic at the entrance of junction. For verifying this model, one real example from Shanghai was studied. The results indicated that the key factors deciding capacity of connecting area include characteristic of upstream traffic flow, traffic management in the connecting area and signal control of downstream junction, etc.

A new approach based on dynamics and kinematics presented to solve the mixed vehicle flow theory can't describe the overtaking phenomenon in this paper. The approach adopts a spring to describe the characteristics of the acceleration and deceleration of the following vehicle under the known condition of front vehicle moving. When the distance between the front vehicle and following vehicle is greater than the balance distance of the spring, the acceleration behavior is considered as the spring extension. Contrarily, when the distance is less than the balance distance, the decelerated behavior is considered as the spring compression. Upon the analogy, a dynamics-kinematics model for mixed vehicle flow is developed.

Asphalt pavement homogeneity problem is the focus of research in the world at present. Segregation of asphalt pavement is defined as a magnitude lack of homogeneity of constituents in the HMA pavements, it is one of the important reasons that greatly influence pavement performance, and it will accelerate the pavement distresses, especially the moisture damage. At present, under the conditions that the evaluation method and evaluation index of segregation are lacked in China, hitherto the evaluation criterion and the predicted models of homogeneity zones aren't be provided. In this study, portable laser surface texture was used in texture depth testing to evaluate homogeneity of asphalt pavement. The common model of homogeneity zones with three traditional Chinese gradations (AC-25, AC-20, and AK-16) was established by collecting and analyzing magnitude datum of in-place mat. The comparison analysis between predicted model and in-place mat showed good correlation whose coefficient is 0.86. Then the ratio of actual value in-situ to calculation value from predicted model was used to evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt pavement. The homogeneity levels were graded to evaluate the extent of pavement surface segregation. The results show that the predicted model can effectively simulate the real pavements homogeneity status, and the evaluation criterion can be used to determine homogeneity level of in-situ.

The complicated mechanic behavior of the Y-shape Bridge is studied based on the theory of the elementary beam, and takes account of restrained torsion, distortion angle, distortion warp and shear lag effect at the same time. A thin-walled beam element with 10 freedom degrees of every node is established by increasing freed degree. Meanwhile, authors establish an analytic program and matrix of the element stiffness, and analyze a typical Y-shape Bridge according to method of the space grillage analysis. In addition, this paper compares calculation results of the general girder and the shell model with experiment test.

Forecast of logistics demand is a fundamental issue in research of logistics system. Generally, planning, management, and control of logistics system is involved in forecasting logistics demand. Common methods to forecast logistics demand are moving average, exponential smoothing, regression analysis etc. Support vector machines as originally introduced by Vapnik within the area of statistical learned theory and structural risk minimization have been proven to work successfully on many applications of nonlinear classification and estimation of function. Based on real operation data, the paper develops a time series analysis model with Support Vector Machine to forecast logistics demand. At last, different SVR model and traditional methods have been compared based on the index such as RME, RMSE. The adaptability of different SVR model in analysis of time series and forecasting logistics demand is illustrated in detail based on true scenario in practice. Final results indicate that, to some extent, SVR has some advantages in predicting logistics demand.

This paper optimized the urban public traffic networks by hybrid genetic. The combination of all bus routes in the network acts as an individual of genetic algorithms, with every bus route scheme being one of the genes on the individual chromosome. Bus routes are described, memorized and operated as trees, so the genetic operations of individuals are implemented with genetic programming methods. By defining the primary fitness of individuals similar to the definition of power in electrotechnics, the algorithms works well and optimizes the network taking into account factors such as operation costs, traffic line length, road capacity and so on, simultaneously.

For System Optimal (SO) criteria, small fraction of the traffic is sacrificed to the higher cost length routes because this reduces the congestion experienced by the overwhelming majority of network users. Roughgarden studied how much worse off drivers are in SO assignment than in User Equilibrium (UE). For non-signal controlled network, he quantified this worse off with the unfairness concept. Unfairness of SO criteria for signal controlled network has not received much attention. For signal controlled network, unfairness is difficult to be derived from analytical formulation because there are complex interactions between signal control, traffic flow dynamics and traffic assignment. Travel time does not always increase with traffic counts. This is different from non-signal controlled network, in which, travel time monotonously increases with flow rate. Signal control policy can divert unfairness from one route to another route. The paper extends the unfairness concept to signal controlled network and adopts simulation-based method to compute unfairness.

The term "bull-whip effect" refers to a phenomenon that demand variability amplifies while one moves up a supply chain. Alleviating the bullwhip effect can remarkably enhance the overall benefit of the supply chain. For the past decade, alleviating and controlling the bullwhip effect has been the international hotspot, in which the demand forecast level is the direct cause that induces the bullwhip effect. To enhance the demand forecast level in each echelon of the supply chain, there are forecast methods, such as time series and artificial neural network, adopting in the literature. In this paper, the demand forecast of multi-echelon supply chain is based on support vector machines (SVM) and all the stages adopt the method; combined with the strategy of information sharing, they will enhance the overall forecast level, alleviate the bullwhip effect and improve the supply chain performance. The numerical value of supply chain demand forecast based on SVM is got through the computation and compared with artificial neural network's.

This paper presents the frame of RISMS (Road Integrated Safety Management System); RISMS's two major concepts which are Safety Management System (SMS) and Safety Response System (SRS) are defined; The content, platform, function, achieving way, application technique which consist of the business system and technical system of RISMS are primarily designed; Business model of road integrated safety management, business model of emergency management and model of the system organization are proposed; The management technique system of integrated safety which is composed of the hardware-supporting-platform, the road integrated safety management data-base, the coordinated service platform, and the coordinated applied platform is constructed; The thought of RISMS is presented coordinately and comprehensively by combing the emergency public events with the practical needs of road safety management. In this study, theories and techniques are supported for the RISMS construction.

After analyzing and summing up the characters of the existing road net programming model's objectives and constraints, this paper establishes a bi-level and multi-objectives programming model: in which the upper-level decision maker is the leader, who thinks over the basic request of the road net programming and real travel-hours, making decisions to affect the lower-level decisions with the variables based on the system optimal. This decision includes many objects, such as the least invest, the largest capacity and the highest technical grade, while the lower-level decision maker is the followers, who establish the Stochastic Users' Equilibrium (SUE) based on the path which is the least travel cost or is regarded the least travel cost by the users, making decisions to optimize their own objectives based on the upper-level model. According to the characteristics of the model, the genetic algorithm as the solution strategy is put forward. At last, this paper validates the model and its algorithm with an example.

To analyze the characteristics of the network of trip generation and attraction, this paper constructed the topological network of trip generation and attraction of the urban traffic zones based on complex network theory, and then studied the characteristics of the complex network are studied. Ruian, a Chinese city was selected for case study area, and the geometric characters of the topologic network were analyzed in detail. The results show that this network has the same characteristics as many other complex networks. The reason of this phenomenon was then discussed. This paper is important for the research of people clustering, the rules of travel demand generation and evolution, as well as land use planning and travel demand forecasting based on such kind of rules.

Supply chain system has been proved to be a complex adaptive system in many researches through analysis and simulation, but how to realize and control its adaptability is still an open problem. This paper describes the method of applying complex adaptive system theory to supply chain management system, presents a self-adaptive and multi-agent model of supply chain system based on self-organized criticality theory and multi-agent technology, in which an avalanche mechanism enables innovation and adaptability of the system and a disaster mechanism controls the system fitness and dimensions. This model covers the features of self-organization, self-adaptability, co-evolution and innovation in supply chain management.

This paper analyzes the necessity of data integration in transportation, and the methods and technology of it are summarized and compared also. Based on the development and demand of transportation information. Web Services is one of the best frameworks in constructing transportation heterogeneous data integration. Then the system structure and features of Web Services are analyzed, and the schema of transportation heterogeneous data integration system is achieved. With the help of an example associated with .Net platform, the methods and specific procedures of transportation heterogeneous data integration are illustrated.

Simulated Annealing (SA) is an efficient approach to solve the problems of premature convergence that exist in genetic algorithm, which can reduce the scope of the search area and improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. It combines with genetic algorithm (GA) to form a new global optimal algorithm in the paper. The crossover operator of the genetic operation plays an important role in this algorithm. The results of concrete example of the container assembly show that this algorithm has many advanced properties compared with traditional general genetic algorithm.

Intermodal freight transportation is seamless and continuous door-to-door transportation of freight on transportation modes. This article analyzes the at home and abroad present condition of the rice container transport, investigates the management conditions of the Heilongjiang rice container transportation, and puts forward a new business process management system that develops the Heilongjiang rice container intermodal transportation.

The layout of urban passenger intermodal transfer points (UPITP) is very important in the aspects of guiding transit-oriented development (TOD), improving passenger traffic efficiencies and promoting establishment of integrated urban passenger systems. The UPITP planning is generally made on the basis of traffic network. It is often ignored that the transfer points are critical points of the traffic networks and they are in a center position on integrating various levels and functions of urban passenger traffic systems. The purpose of this research was to develop the layout planning methods for multi-center cities by analyzing the characteristics of urban land use and passenger demand distribution. A two-step layout planning method for the UPITP is brought up. The first step is macroscopic layout in which the sites are selected by classified layout methods and integrating macroscopic layout of transfer points with land use of multi-center cities. The second step is microcosmic location. Based on the objective of reducing the walking time from Origin or Destination to the transfer points and improving accessibility of the transfer points, a location programming model is brought up to decide the favorable positions for the UPITP, which is tightly consistent with intensive land uses for commerce, office and residence and is combined with traffic passenger demand corridors.

Through the Agility of Agile Transportation key concept and the C³I² mode of information fusion, the realization mechanism of Agile Transportation is discussed for analyzing influence of which the idea of multilateral virtual alliance works on Agility of transportation enterprise. By research on the agile transportation based on network information fusion, middle layers are reduced, and the pyramid manage mode is transformed to flat manage mode. The modern logistic technology is used to enhance the ability of multilateral virtual alliance-cooperation ability, flexible dispatching ability of logistic node, speediness transportation ability, and response ability of transportation market change; to become accessible, integrated, and efficient; to offer flexibility of choices, convenient transportation system. Dynamic alliance, parallel project and simulated transportation are set up to realize scheduling, command and management in different places in order to respond the market quickly. These are the group enterprises with higher lever integration and autoimmunization including strategic management, strategic project, strategic decision, information share and comprehensive management autoimmunization.

Two kinds of model specifications are established to detect the presence of individual preference heterogeneity. The first approach is to capture the systematic taste variations through the multinomial Logit models. The second way is to capture the random taste variations through the specification of mixed Logit models, in which four distributions are considered for time parameter. Results shows that: random taste variation capturation results are better than the systematic ones and Johnson distribution is the best to capture the random taste variations comparing with other distributions.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the external costs which urban traffic congestion brings are the base of improving travel demand management and designing relative strategies, and even will help to maximize the effective usage of urban road resources. Firstly, this paper analyses the production mechanism of urban traffic congestion: travelers overlook the negative externality of urban traffic congestion then join in the congested queues. The negative externality is obvious, since the explosion of vehicles in finite spaces and the augmentation of traffic densities arouse increases in travel time, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, and fuel consumption. Consequently, the external costs of traffic congestion are divided into four parts. We make an intensive study of the quantitative measurements for those four external costs. The extra travel time costs can be calculated by regional average time value. The environmental pollution costs can be measured by the proportion of congestion pollution in total transport pollution. The traffic accident costs can be figured out by the probability of accidents. The fuel consumption costs can be work out by the proportion of travel time. Also, a sample case is introduced to prove the feasibility of this method. It supplies a basis for the implement of urban road congestion pricing and other travel demand management strategies.

This paper analyzes the mechanism of the existence and extension of the queue on the increase of traffic delay and the loss of traffic capacity of the oversaturated intersections on arterial, points out:(1) the evacuation strategy of the queue must take "zero loss of arterial traffic capacity" as the precondition; (2) each intersection of the arterial uses maximal traffic capacity to evacuate the queue(namely eliminate the queue) only can achieve minimizing the delay of isolated intersection, can't reduce the increment of the delay of intersections. This paper presents the real time traffic control strategy of oversaturated intersections on urban traffic arterial, namely the "Equal Saturation Degree" strategy under the condition that allows queue existing in the small-scale(searching extreme low value of the delay of isolated intersection), which takes "zero loss of arterial traffic capacity" as the precondition, makes the arterial oversaturated traffic volume is equilibrium assigned in a certain amount of intersections on urban traffic arterial, so as to achieve coordinated extreme low value between the arterial travel delay increment and the scale of oversaturated intersections on urban traffic arterial, and improves the service level of intersections on urban traffic arterial under the condition of oversaturated traffic.

The main objective of this research is to identify the primary causal factors of the aggressive driving and underline their effect on traffic safety. In addition, the study attempts to model the microscopic aggressive driving model. The microscopic driving framework consists of modular components that facilitate extending this framework into different categories of human-like behaviors such as aggressive driving, etc. The driving framework is used to generate generic driving models that conform to common driving rules and represent normal driving behaviors with slight differences including speed selection and distance estimation. Based on the aggressive driving framework, we can simulate aggressive driving behavior influencing traffic safety by the microscopic traffic simulation software.

Carrier selection for various sections of multimodal transportation becomes the key to maximize the efficiency and the profit in multimodal transportation. The complexity of carrier selection is analyzed and the limitations of existing method for carrier selection are discussed. Based on the selection process of carrier selection described in detail, an optimization model of carrier selection on genetic algorithms (GA) was proposed and an improved algorithm is presented. A typical simulation study is completed. Using the model and algorithm which is accurate and simple with high efficiency and can give all feasible solutions, the multimodal transportation operator can carry out carrier selection from all carrier combinations scientifically.

Once the pipeline is laid in the body of landslides, part or even the total forces of landslide will act on the pipeline and the pipeline may twist or rupture with fatal demolishment. Taking the K317 landslide in Lan-Cheng-Yu pipeline as research object, the dynamical mechanisms between landslide and pipeline are studied before and after slope excavation by the methods of model test and numerical simulation. The results indicate that stress-relief method is fit for the controlling engineering of landslide when the pipe is laid in the body of landslides with the extending orientation perpendicular to the main slide direction. One or several of gouges, excavated in the upper of the slope, should be paralleling to the extending orientation of pipeline. The optimal depth of excavation ditch and distance for pipeline can be obtained by model test and numerical simulation. The investments of controlling engineering can be decreased largely by using of stress-relief method.

The longitudinal vibration models of traditional wheel-set, independently rotating wheel, elasto-damper coupled wheel-set are set up to research the longitudinal character. With the adopt parameter, both results of numerical analyses and theory analyses show that the wheel-set longitudinal vibration resonance speed is 58 km/h. There is violent longitudinal vibration resonance in the traditional wheel-set and elasto-damper coupled wheel-set when the speed is 58 km/h, but the independently rotating wheel is not occur the longitudinal vibration resonance phenomena. For the elasto-damper coupled wheel-set, when the torsion stiffness of the axle is big enough, the results is closely to the results of traditional wheel-set, and when the torsion stiffness of the axle is small enough the results is closely to independently rotating wheel. The difference in longitudinal vibration of the three wheel/rail coupled mode is caused by the coupled method of left/right wheels. The wheels of traditional wheel-set and elasto-damper coupled wheel-set is coupled by the axle rigidly or elastically, the difference rolling radius of the two wheels lead to the torsion vibration of the axle and induce the happen of wheel-set longitudinal vibration resonance. But for the independently rotating wheel, as the uncoupled function of the two wheels, the longitudinal creepage is nearly to 0, so it could not occurs longitudinal vibration resonance phenomena.

This paper presents a safety-detection model to improve the car's safety. It includes three sub-models: the model of describing the state of car in Multi-Agent system, setting vehicle detecting-area and the model of identifying the abnormal agent-cars. After identifying the abnormal vehicle, an adjusting-action is given in order to guarantee the normal driving. Some simulations are done and the results show that the model's response-time to the dangerous signal that has appeared in the past period is less than other model's. Meanwhile, the average decision-making time is decreased. The result also indicates that the threshold influenced the correctness of decision-making. According to the results, 0.55 is better than other threshold value.

Safety belt and airbag play very important roles in traffic accident. During the development of the restraint systems such as safety belt, airbag and so on, a large part of full-scale impact tests can be replaced by sled tests in order to cut material costs and shorten the design cycle. According to the energy-absorbing feature of steel bar, a new steel bar energy-absorbing type frontal impact sled test system that is used to simulate the frontal impact deceleration history is designed. This system simulates the full-scale frontal impact deceleration pulse by adjusting steel bar's array, number, length, and disengagement or no. Simulation results that based on this system shows the deceleration from simulation test complies with the requirements of the frontal impact regulations such as CMVDR294, FMVSS208, ECER94 and so on, that is, the difference of velocity pulse between sled test and relevant full-scale impact test is within ± 1m/s.

The inventory control decisions are always ignored in location-routing problem (LRP). It may result in total system cost will increase further. In this paper, a stochastic model for the integrated location-routing-inventory problem (LRIP) in a two-echelon logistics distribution system is proposed. A two-phase heuristic algorithm to find solutions for the model is also proposed. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the validity of the model and algorithm.

This paper efforts in understanding of cracking mechanism and quality control in construction process. Investigation of semi-rigid base layer and subbase layer of highway pavement in Lang-Chuan Highway are recorded. Considering the field condition of highway route in cold, wetland plateau environment and contraction practice of cement-treated subbase and base courses, construction techniques to mitigate the development of cracking are proposed such as material selection, quality control of aggregate, mix design, construction process and uniformity of mix, climate condition, curing requirements and traffic control.

The study of construction technology and quality control for rock embankment is important, because big size and unevenness of filler material, the compaction construction technology and quality control for expressway rock embankment in mountainous terrain are the prominent difficulties encountered during Construction. This paper analyzes the key problems of constructing rock embankment, through the research for the relation between vibration frequency, amplitude of vibration, compaction times, compaction speed ...etc. with compaction degree, we put forward to right construction technology and quality control method of rock embankment.

Research works to predict the traffic crash and to identify the hazard plane intersections are reviewed firstly. Then, this paper studies the use of a well-known artificial neural network (ANN), the multilayer perception (MLP), in predicting the number of each type of crash. The crash data include 4340 fatal/injury crashes occurred on 197 at-grade intersections in Harbin city from 2000 to 2004. Modeling result showed that the MLP is capable of predicting the crashes by type, and the testing accuracy is up to 89%. Lastly, a method to identify the hazardous crash patterns for a single intersection is presented based on the "overrepresented" concept.

Based on the analysis of the waybills characteristics, this paper analyzes the feasibility of using weighted Apriori algorithm to forecast the rail freight volume. Then it describes the steps of the algorithm's realization and tests the algorithm's property. It forecasts the rail freight volume of Lanzhou Railway Beau in March 2005 with the calculating results. Then it compares the real value with the forecasting value. It turns out that it is feasible to forecast the volume of rail freight by weighted Apriori algorithm. The forecasting value of rail freight volume is very close to its real value.

This paper first carried on the essential analysis to home and abroad research situation of the core competence system of regional logistics; Defined the accurate connotation of the core competence system of regional logistics in this foundation, and established the multi-level core competence system of regional logistics to take this as the basis; Finally further discussed the quantitative evaluation of the regional logistics core competence system specifically and proposed the research on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.

In researches of many experts and scholars, TSP is widely used in reducing the cost of logistics distribution. However in practice, most ripe models and algorithms can not achieve expected goals, and one important reason is that the models and algorithms do not consider the "Stranger Problem" in logistics distribution. This paper describes the "Stranger Problem", and establishes an improved TSP model based on "Stranger Problem" by defining two parameters named "Strange Degree" and "Strange Coefficient". At last this paper improves C-W algorithms based me improved model, and the computational results are compared with the results based common model. The comparison proves the feasibility and efficiency of the improved model.

This paper establish a model for optimization of pre-timed signals at isolated intersections which are signal group-based, considering pedestrian and bicycle inter-green time minimum cycle, maximum cycle, minimum split and maximum split constrains, using the MOE's of VISSIM Micro-Simulation as optimization objectives. And the optimization arithmetic is also put forward. Then a series of simulation test are conducted on an isolated pre-timed four-leg intersection under both under-saturated and saturated conditions. Finally, the availability and efficiency of the model and the some valuable conclusions are given at last.

The artificial neural network combined predictor (ANNCP) is proposed for short term traffic flow forecasting based on the combination of an artificial neural network (ANN) predictor and an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model based predictor. The method is tested using traffic flow data collected on Guangshen freeway in Guangdong, China. Statistical analysis of prediction errors reveals that the two singular predictors perform differently depending on different time and different prediction horizons. The combined prediction is a weighted sum of the ANN and ARIMA prediction. According to different time and the forecasting results of the two singular predictor, the weights are decided by ANN dynamically. The proposed method outperforms both singular ANN predictor and singular ARIMA predictor.

The transit dispatching problem for a given public bus line means to schedule the arriving and departing time at every stop for each vehicle operated on the line. In this paper we assume that all transit vehicles have a fixed capacity. Due to the capacity restraint of vehicles, passengers often have to wait for several buses before getting on the available bus. So the congestion phenomenon is caused. Based on the above consideration, a nonlinear optimization model is built in this paper. Finally, the proposed model is successfully tested with the help of a real-world case. The study indicated that the proposed method could effectively solve the transit dispatching problem for a given public bus line.

Water impairment is the main disease in current express highway, with various damage modes, which can be explained as follows: the structure material is repeatedly scoured by the water flow, then the aggregate and fine stuff are carried off to due to the dynamic water pressure generated in the pavement by the wheel-roads. Hence, the test apparatus(High-frequency & High-pressure Dynamic Water Pressure Generator, which can generate sinusoidal cyclic dynamic water pressure, with peek value 1Mpa and frequency 0∼25Hz) is developed to evaluate the road material dynamic pressure capacity. Combined with tri-axial test apparatus, it can study the mechanical performance of the road material under cyclic dynamic pore water pressure, and provide a new and effective method for the farther study of the road material water impairment mechanism and tactics. This test apparatus is advanced in design, and can work properly with powerful function, believable data, and high precision. The study on the cement stability macadam specimen illustrates that: under the identical condition, the material strength decreases as the scouring frequency increases, while the plastic deformation increases with the scouring frequency.

This paper puts forward the concept of safety level of service at highway intersections, analyzed factors that influence intersectional traffic safety, and presented the methodologies in developing the models of safety level of service at highway signalized intersections. Based on conflict points, basic model is built, and according to intersection geometry features, traffic signs, modified model are also built. According to distribution of the evaluated index of integrated model, safety level of service is divided A-F levels.

Programming and arrangement of regional logistics system were studied by fuzzy C-means clustering. The uncertain and fuzzy features for clients to select logistics centers and exchange amount were analyzed by system analysis method. The synthetic evaluation indices were established. The problem of clients' selecting is equal to that of determining the membership values. Then we got the uncertain nonlinear programming model of logistics system. The number of logistics centers or the optimal c value was determined by using the defined rules function. The detailed selecting site and the optimal scale of every logistics centers can be determined by me total scale decomposability, the membership matrix and clustering centers. The theory and method were applied in the logistics system programming of Langfang City in China. The concrete simulation result shows its correctness and feasibility.

The transportation system is the backbone of the city and the traffic improvement is the fundamental problem we should resolve during the urban conservation. According to the principle of city conservation, this paper proposes the approach to achieve the sustainable transportation system in the old city in order to support the city conservation and sustainable development. Based on the review of relevant literatures, the study analyzes the characteristics of the transportation systems in the urban conservation areas in and abroad China, and then this study emerges the framework of the transportation system planning based on the pedestrian system and proposes the methods to the planning and design of a sustainable transportation system in the urban conservation area.

With the rapid development of mobile mechanization in China, urban transportation problems such as urban traffic safety expand day by day. To solve this problem, many ways, such as public transit priority which is considered as one of the most important approaches to achieve urban sustainable transportation development, have been used in different cities. Since public traffic has the great carrying ability, its safety arouses people's attentions easily. An efficient, flexible and Real-time Decision Support System (DSS) is very important to improve the management of urban public transit and emergency disposal. In this paper DSS are designed for urban public transit safety based on Geography Information System (GIS) in view of prevention, management and decision support scheme establishment for public transit safety. This system that will provide powerful support to the public transit safety has the abilities of spatial information release and data mining. Real-time dynamic operations and visual expression. A powerful information support will be given by it for the public transit safety.

Traffic jam increases the traveling time, the running cost and the traffic accidents and deteriorates the environment, which seriously restricts the development of the social economy. This paper aims to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the traffic flow, to construct the spatiotemporal equilibrium model for leading the vehicles in the road network around, and probe into the decision-making method and decision-making frame that leading traffic jam. The model was input into the traffic simulation software—VISSIM to lead the traffic flow around one road when traffic jam happens. The result shows that the vehicles can select a more reasonable route so that the average traveling time decreases greatly, the traffic crowd degree of the road network is eased, and the traffic efficiency is enhanced evidently.

This paper discusses how to integrate forward and reverse logistics to decrease the total cost of third party logistics service providers. A mathematic model is provided without the assumption of straight-line distance. Product demand and return amount can vary randomly. Then we develop a Genetic Algorithm to solve this NP-hard problem and discuss its convergence. At last an example is available.

In this paper, closed-form analytical solution to temperature distribution in highway concrete bridges is presented. The temperature variations are assumed to be periodic in time and 1-dimensional through concrete slab thickness. The boundary conditions of heat conduction are expanded into Fourier series, and then analytical solution in Fourier series to the temperature field is obtained by resolving the heat conduction equation. Only a few terms of the Fourier series are required to produce results of desired accuracy due to the fast convergence of the series. The results calculated from the analytical solution are in good agreement with those from FEM analysis. The results indicate that the nonlinear temperature differentials over the cross sections in concrete bridges can be up to 25°C.

Logit passenger flows analysis model is introduced in this paper, and the paper explains the understanding of the model's mechanism and shows its application to the comprehensive using numerical example as well.

Accurate and reliable real-time traffic information is the foundation of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Cell phone positioning technique provides a new method for traffic information collection with the rapid expansion of cell phone subscriber group. In this paper, we did theoretical analysis and simulation study on the application of this method, indicating three crucial issues which are location, accuracy, sample size, and data filtering. We analyzed these three issues respectively and advanced proposals of their solution. According to the theoretical analysis and simulation study, we get the conclusion that there are still lots of problems about the application of this new technique to traffic information collection, especially the low location accuracy of cell phones, which restrains this new application significantly.

According to related statistics, the transportation cost is a primary factor in the whole logistics cost, up to 50 percents. In order to reduce this cost and realize the accuracy and safety of the logistics, to monitor the throughout transportation process becomes very important to the logistics companies. In the latest studies and applications, vehicle tracking has been fulfilled by using GPS which is only restricted to vehicle locating, while the early-warning functions haven't been taken into consideration. This paper firstly introduces traditional technical means used to monitor logistics transportation procedures, and generalizes transportation risks into two types: delay risk and safety risk. In the second part, this paper illustrates the mechanism of the delay risk warning model. This model uses the origin, destination and transfer points, as well as the transportation time window and real time GPS data as the input parameters, to calculate the difference between the scheduled and the actual time, and provides a warning report if delay will happen. In the third part, this paper adopts GIS Spatial Analysis technology to design a set of "if...then..." rules to realize the safety early-warning model. Finally, the paper introduces a GIS-based route modeling software tool — StandardRoute, to support delay risk model and safety risk model discussed above and analyses the positive impact to the society and the economy.

At present, local governments recognize the importance of logistics information system (LIS) and set about developing regional logistics information system (RLIS). Many enterprises set up their own LIS respectively. However, these systems are independent, separated that information is dispersive, blocked and is hard to interchange sufficiently. Facilities put into use repeatedly. This paper points out that logistics information system in the future should emphasize public use, intercommunication and intelligences. It discusses the main functions and frame of the public logistics information platform (PLIP), and puts forward that corresponding interfaces and logistics decision-making modules should be set up. By data mining, PLIP may draw real time data and knowledge for users to make decisions within most logistics courses.