International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2009

With the great development of society and economy in China, urban transportation has gained an unprecedented rapid growth. Transportation situation has become one sign to measure the degree of modernization of the city. As an important tourist city, Dalian is one of the international cities that are open to the world, whose traffic situation will determine the domestic and abroad tourists' impression over the whole city, and the convenience index of the residents' life. This paper has brought forward a preliminary plan that can achieve the Electronic Toll Collection System by using RFID technology and network database technology for toll on crowed roads, based on extensive research on traffic situation of Dalian. The plan costs not too much and can take effect at once. The system can be used with intelligent transportation system to realize unattended and on-stream toll to alleviate the heavy traffic situation on crowed roads.

To evaluate and optimize the evacuation plan in the emergency planning is the key problem of the optimization and assessment of emergency plan. This paper focused on the how to model the crowd evacuation process with the characteristics of dynamic spatial-temporal distribution, which minimize the human exposure risk (death or casualties). A discrete state stochastic Markov process was used to simulate the movement of the evacuees in this paper. The study area was divided into nodes with different shape and size; the links that connected the nodes were used to represent the road network in the area. Transition from node-to-node was simulated as a random process where the probability of transition depended on the dynamically changed states of the destination and origin nodes and also on the link between them. Solution of the Markov process provided the expected distribution of the evacuees in the nodes of the area as a function of time. Then, according to the way how extreme phenomena impact individual and the dose-response relationship, the people's health effects (e.g., death, several kinds of injuries etc.) obtained in the evacuation process can be calculated, so that the accident's health consequence can be determined. Finally, different emergency response policies can be evaluated with corresponding health consequence, so that the emergency policy can be optimized.

Based on the analysis of the traffic capacity and safety of the intersection in time of red light countdown, the contradiction between traffic capacity and traffic safety caused by red light signal countdown device is demonstrated through experiments to provide some references for the setting and use of red light signal countdown device.

In order to keep certain levels of punctuality in timetable planning, allowance which prevents perturbation in practical operation from causing delays is set proportional in the train path. Differs from the normal arrangement model, a new strategy to optimize allowance arrangement—Curved train Path (CTP) is developed in this paper. Allowance was allocated disproportional with this strategy, and it contributes to the improvements of timetabling in three aspects. With Railsys® as simulation tool, the availability of CTP strategy under different kinds of perturbation, different perturbation distribution and different perturbation level are testified. Result indicates that CTP strategy is quite optimal for delay decrease under running time perturbation and dwell time perturbation, but no benefit under entry perturbation.

According to individuals' travel information in one city, it establishes and calibrates activity-based disaggregated travel mode split forecasting models. Then it does the aggregated analysis of disaggregated choice probabilities of individuals with eight aggregated methods to look for the best aggregated analytical method. The results show that integrated study on aggregated and disaggregated model is significant.

This paper aims to establish a traffic matching identification model combining the rough set theory and neural network theory. Through using the algorithm for attribute reduction of rough set theory, this paper investigates the key factors for input of BP neural network in those factors impacted on traffic demand and freight transport capacity outward and inward logistics hub, and sets up a relationship model for evaluating the matching level between traffic supply and demand based on the artificial neural network. Taking one logistics hub as an example, this paper explores the matching level between traffic supply and demand outside the logistics hub at different period of time and predicts the future traffic conditions outside logistics hub.

In order to inspect to the influence of micro-vibration excited by vehicles on timber structure of Xi'an Bell Tower, dynamic response test had been carried out. The vibration model of timber structure has been established and the security evaluation of timber structure has been accomplished based on GB/T50452-2008. The results indicated that the differences of vibration levels in timber structure are extraordinary obvious during the different interval time. Comparing the vibration levels of the column foundation, the vibration levels of upper floor are enlarged obviously. The differences of vibration levels in timber structure in the horizontal vibration velocity (in the NS and EW directions) are also obvious. It is shown that the vibration velocity at top of timber structure column exceeded limited value of GB/T50452-2008 during the interval times with high volumes and speeds of traffic vehicles.

In order to monitor wear condition of marine engine, 1032 oil samples are taken from 6 types of 235 engines. With the Spectroil M type Instrument, elements' concentrations of every oil are analyzed. By the statistic tool, the calculation data contains average value and standard deviation of every type of marine engine wear, contamination and additives elements. The correlation coefficient of main elements in oil has been used to study wear characteristic of friction pairs, contamination source and additives depletion. The average value and standard deviation of main wear element in different types of engines oil are different. The ratio of maximum average value to minimum one for Fe, Pb and Cu are 6.3, 4.3 and 2.4 separately. The ratio of maximum standard deviation to minimum one for Fe, Pb and Cu are 19.7, 1.8 and 3.8 separately. As additives element of P, Ba and Zn, their correlation coefficient is more than 0.8. Fe and Cr of which crankshaft and piston rings are made are best correlation in wear elements. The good correlation coefficient elements also are Pb and Cu, Fe and Pb, Fe and Cu. Bearings and thrust washers contain Cu and Pb. The wear of bearings and shaft concurs at working time. Na and Mg caused by seawater have higher correlation coefficient than other elements.

At present, the domestic and overseas methods of detecting cavity under cement pavement slab have disadvantages such as difficulty of calculation, complicated use and poor practicality. In the view of this, methods of detecting cavity based on deflection difference of the same slab and pumping height are proposed. Taking Yantai—Weihai highway testing part as attaching project, first, the basic principle of detecting cavity by deflection difference of the same slab is introduced, and then the evaluation index about the cavity under slab is calculated theoretically. According the comparative measurement in field between dynamic and static deflection by using BB and FWD, the deflection difference among the centre point, the midpoint of edge and the corner of the same slab is calculated. On this basis the evaluation criterion for detecting cavity with dynamic and static deflection difference is recommended after statistic analysis, and the quantitative relationship between the pumping height and the degree of cavity is established by analyzing the data of pumping observation statistically with the criterion of deflection difference above. The result of core-drilling indicates that these evaluation methods have high accuracy and reliability.

The state of tunnel during operation is the important warranty to implement tunnel preventive maintenance, and is a common question to manager and user of tunnel. Service-state monitoring (SSM) is the significant component of tunnel maintenance, and is key means to acquire the status characters of the tunnel. In fact, for the demands of tunnel maintenance, some countries have built monitoring systems for a long time based on the concepts of structure health monitoring. But there is no necessary technical guidance. In this article, the tunnel service state monitoring system built in a tunnel which is one of the longest and deepest road tunnels among the built and building tunnels in west area of our country is introduced, and the procedure of building a tunnel maintenance system by exploiting the information obtained from service state monitoring is researched. Although they are in the beginning, it is significant to understand maintenance and maintenance strategies of tunnel structures systematically.

Novice drivers are accident repeaters in traffic system. This does something important with driving experience. However, the experiences are accumulated during first few years after they get driving license which is a traffic accident occurs frequently period. During this period, new driver's driving mode plays an important role in driving safety. Speed choice in wet weather is compared with those in fine conditions. The result shows that novice drivers are inclined to reduce their driving speed in rainy day (4–5km/h). At the same time, their heart rate changes (HRC) remarkably (p<0.01). In other words, new drivers undergo stress in this situation. But the speed reduction is small, and yet such speed modifications are not sufficient to compensate for the increased hazard posed by wet weather.

This note contributes to the advanced continuum modeling for describing traffic actual capacity of freeway. The actual capacity of freeway is affected by the road geometry, traffic, weather and environmental factors, etc. so the model must take the aforementioned factors into account. Ultimately, a basic section on Chendu-Yaan freeway was selected to test and simulating through the VISSIM simulation software, the compare of simulation data and investigation data indicates that the new model is ideally suited for inspecting the traffic capacity and traffic state in real-time.

This paper proposed a driver workload model which incorporate road complexity, driving speed and time constraint in the assessment of driver reliability. The model was tested in an experiment on a virtual test track consisting of curves of various radius using driving simulator, and drivers drive at the speeds from 30km/hr to 120km/hr, as well as speeds mimicking driving scenarios adopted by late drivers. The workload experienced by drivers was measured using a secondary task technique of random number repetition. The result of experiment accords with many other workload models.

It is great significant to develop regional agriculture logistics, accelerate the specialization of agriculture production and optimize the distribution of agriculture resource. The development of regional agriculture logistics can promote inter-regional resource and information exchange. Based on the theory of agriculture logistics, this paper analyses the regional modern agriculture logistics system. It includes three subsystems. They are infrastucture subsystem, information subsystem and policy subsystem. All the contents are discussed in detail.

Through the investigation on car-to-bicycle accidents of Beijing city, the characteristic impact parameters of human, bicycle and vehicle are collected. The impact speeds are classified by statistic results and law regulation. Above that, based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method, relevant typical parameters are selected to build an estimate model on vehicle impact speed of car-to-bicycle accidents. The input layer of the model contains 45 nodes, including human parameters, bicycle parameters, car parameters, road parameters and other information. The output layer of the model represents the forecasting data and different classification results of vehicle impact speed respectively. Using the credible data from real accidents, the model can be trained and applied in vehicle-speed analysis and accident reconstruction.

Traffic sign is the language of a traffic controller. Being an important human-machine interface in traffic system, rationality of traffic sign design is directly related to traffic safety and traffic efficiency. The design must match the physiological and psychological characteristics of human beings. In this paper, key factors in the traffic sign design are studied based on Ergonomics theory. The adaptabilities of the current traffic signs are investigated, analyzed and the inadequacies of the existing traffic signs are highlighted. The necessary improvements in traffic signs design are suggested.

Main factors influencing the railway tunnel running safety are analyzed, according to the running environment, equipment deployment and structural characteristics, by using new sensor technique, automatic monitoring technology and information processing techniques, the information system to ensure the railway tunnel running safety is put forward. The computer comprehensive management system of tunnel data collecting, supervision, monitoring, administrating and tunnel daily maintenance is integrated as a whole in this system, so that abnormal condition of tunnel can be discovered in time and timely rescue can be organized to decrease loss to the utmost extent; various data and information can be processed by the system; by decentralized detection, centralized alarm and unified management of data, comprehensive monitoring of video, audio, wireless channel and monitoring data is realized within an unified software platform; it provides related technique support of safety decisions, such as train traffic control, equipment maintenance and emergency rescue, etc, so as to ensure the railway tunnel running safety.

In recent years, with the rapid increase in traffic demand, a new upsurge in the construction of urban expressway is in the making in China. The problem of how to make urban expressway play its full role and make it helpful to the development of urban traffic needs to be researched urgently. In view of this, the paper systematically analyses existent problems and points out measures for improvement from several aspects: theory and method of urban expressway layout planning and ramp design standard, the connection of urban expressway and conventional road, integrated control of urban road network, technique method of expressway management. On this basis, the author proposes researching focus of urban expressway: analysis of traffic flow characteristics of expressway in China, improvement of expressway layout planning method and design standard, enhancing the technologies of information collection and traffic control, and so on.

The problem of determination to weighting coefficient is a key for synthetic evaluation. This paper showed a new method of determining weighting coefficient based on rough set theory. Determining weighting coefficient is translated into estimating significance of attributes among rough set. An evaluation model for road transportation developmental level of provinces is built up by means of above method and an example is given to validate the practicability of it.

Based on stochastic analysis and non-steady-state heat transfer theory, the ground-source heat pump (GSHP) technology for road and bridge surface snow melting is studied, also the concept of random analysis in heat transfer is put forward. The factors influencing energy consumption in snow melting and builds, the total energy consumption calculation for the snow melting system, and the principle of mining energy on the pavement and the key technologies in construction are discussed. The random heat transfer models of snow melting on pavement and buried pipe, main thermal property parameters in heat transfer are analyzed, and the numerical simulation on heat transfer in snow melting pavement and buried pipe is proposed applying stochastic finite element method in this paper.

In order to research the differences between the schlieren and laser scattering methods and validate the wall-film model, the wall-film of intake-port-injection gasoline engine is studied by these two methods. The comparison results show that, the schlieren and laser scattering method all distinctly indicate the spray and wall-film at the beginning of the wall-film because of nearly no fuel evaporation; comparing the schlieren way the laser scattering can easily present one cross-section of the wall-film using the sheet laser and can discover the principle of impingement point, which can present more information for validation of intake-port wall-film model.

The Chengkun depot in the Chengdu-Kunming railway has some problems because of poor transportation capacity, such as low traveling speed of passenger-cargo train, bad transportation organization elasticity, limited passenger transportation, and insufficient cargo transportation capacity. After predicting and analyzing the future demand of passenger-cargo transportation, a conclusion has been drawn that the transportation capacity of the Chengdu-Kunming Railway Line is far from meeting the economic development along the line's demands at present, and must expand transformation capacity. Different revamping measures were compared, and some of those measures are accelerating to built strategy loading point and expand the capacity of the existing lines so as to alleviate the pressure of transportation capacity, but, building the second line (or double track) is the basic scheme of solving the capacity problem.

Through detailed analysis of train operation control procedure of passenger-dedicated line, in view of the present condition of rough set in train operation control, a model of train operation adjustment on the Rough Set is developed, and the steps for obtaining and expressing the train operation adjustment knowledge are put forward. Furthermore, the reduction algorithm of decision making rules is also improved and the train operation adjustment progress is discussed in detail.

The feasibility of operation of sunset-departure and sunrise-arrival trains on Dedicated Passenger Lines (DPL) is discussed. The operation condition of over line sunset-departure and sunrise-arrival passenger trains and the coordinative relations with the train working diagram window is studied. The adaptability for train operation of "two lines closed simultaneously" and "one line is under maintenance while the other is on use" is emphatically analyzed. The advantage of using "rectangular segmented window" on operation sunset-departure and sunrise-arrival passenger trains with "two lines closed simultaneously" mode is stated, meanwhile, the effect of the operation of the adjacent line caused by permanent way maintenance and catenary maintenance under "one line is under maintenance while the other is on use" mode is presented. The coordination method for sunset-departure and sunrise-arrival passenger trains running on one line while the other is under maintenance is proposed. By taking the operation mode on Beijing Railway Station, the operation of over line sunset-departure and sunrise-arrival passenger trains is introduced.

For fire safety emergency rescue stations are commonly set up in the twin-tube railway tunnels longer than 20 km. Three-dimensional simulation of fires in an emergency rescue station is useful to evaluate the effectiveness of the emergency ventilation system. The determination method of the boundary conditions of three-dimensional simulation of a railway emergency rescue station was given, and the effect of local resistance coefficients and fire source location on the boundary conditions was analyzed. Numerical results shows that the cross-passages could be equivalent to a single tube, and the local resistance coefficients of the single tube are so small compared with the frictional resistant coefficients of the tunnels that the local resistance coefficients have little effect on the boundary conditions. And the boundary conditions and the total flux of the nine cross-passages are almost invariant with the fire source location at a given flux of air supply and exhaust.

As a novel means of traffic data collection on networks, floating car systems have attracted more and more attention. They are widely applied to transportation organization, traffic management and guidance, traveler information service etc. But existed technology on floating car data processing is lacking in applicability and reliability. This paper proposes a new insight in road network traffic status estimation with floating car data. It is based on network topology and dynamic space-time splitting strategy. The key innovation of this technology is that it not only solved the problem of matching the neighboring individual records of the which cross several road segments, but also realized the time segmentation of speed data based on space segmentation of them. It is relatively not so exigent on road segment size, frequency of data or number of data samples, it can greatly improve both applicability of the data and reliability of the result and thereby has great prospective application.

To encourage an efficient and equitable urban transport system, the paper concentrates on how to manage the road space properly especially on the congested roads. The road space reallocation problem is treated in the model of simultaneously simulating travel modes and route choice behavior of multiple traveler classes with different values of time. To compare the performance of various road space reallocation schemes, not only traditional cost-benefit criteria but also consumer welfare and equity coefficients are used. The road network of the central area in Deqing city is taken to be discussed. In this case three road space reallocation schemes are identified while three transport modes and four traveler classes are considered. The results show that generally bus priority or bicycle priority helps managing road space to encourage a more efficient and equitable transportation. However, taking too much space from auto lanes decreases consumer welfare of high-income travelers who have high value of time.

This paper explained the concepts of transport mode energy consumption and road network capacity, which is applied to forecast the minimum energy consumption in a Meg polis. A bi-level optimization model is used, where upper-level establishes energy consumption consistent with the maximum road network capacity, while the lower level assigns traffic demand across the network. Modal split and the capacity models of vehicle roads are used to connect the two levels. The idea and method can be applied to the process of urban traffic planning so as to promote the sustainable development of urban transportation and environment. When traffic demand is more than traffic supply, transport structure can be adjusted according to the value of energy consumption by traffic modes.

In order to analyze the fire characters of subway stations and provide evidence for the fire-resistance design and relative standards, this paper analyzed the fire scenes and temperature characters of three typical subway stations by introducing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method and using FDS simulation software. Then the fire characters including CO consistence, visibility and temperature curve of different stations were analyzed. The results show that the temperature of the bigger-scale station with rise much slower, but the fire may last long and make more damages to the structures.

This paper discusses the function flow and logic structure design of urban combined-taxi system according to the user requirement analysis. The implementation method of information collection platform, dispatching center and information announcement platform was given. The combined-taxi models including taxi selection, path matching and fares allotting were also discussed in detail.

At present, the effect of the metro station construction under the city arteries to the traffic on the ground is becoming a serious problem in big cities like Shanghai. To solve this problem, based on construction experience and research, a new improved method (cover-cut) is put forward and practiced a lot in Shanghai in recent years. In this paper, the cover-cut method is presented. The calculation method about the new type cover-cut construction is also discussed. The summation approach method which ignores the effect of the construction process is widely-used in solving similar problem in China. In fact, the variational load and the partial finished structure is the most crucial status in the whole construction process, accidents always happened in this course. In this paper, the incremental calculation method which is also named as "step-by-step" approach method is presented. At the end of the paper, a case is discussed and calculated by two methods which showed the difference between the incremental method and the summation method. The discussion showed that the results calculated by the "step-by-step" approach method are more accurate than which calculated by the summation method.

This paper conducts a comparison of several existing travel time estimation models. Two classes of travel time estimation algorithms are classified in terms of different data sources (loop detectors and floating cars). This is the first time to investigate the performance of different algorithms. The results and recommendations will benefit for practitioners.

Energy consumption has been the most important part of railway operational costs. This paper discusses the optimization model and heuristic algorithm for a train moving on the uneven rail from one given point to another within scheduled time. As an emphasis, this paper sets up the algorithm of determining the control handle of the locomotive based on train control mechanism and wayside signal. By regulating the target speed of the train, this algorithm can reduce the delay while ensuring the safe and smooth running. Furthermore, if practical performances of the train have some difference with manipulation guidance for locomotive drivers, the algorithm can provide a new one by real-time calculation. At last, an application on a long-haul railway with complicated geometric conditions has been conducted. Average reduction on energy consumption is respectively 5.88% for loaded train and 7.39% for empty stock train after optimization for twenty-four freight trains with practical records.

Briefly analyses the complexity of decision-making on introducing Dedicated Passenger Line (DPL) into a terminal, proposes using fuzzy multi-objective decision-making method to solve the problem. Transform the qualitative and quantitative indexes of the project being evaluated into triangular fuzzy numbers, and then fuzzy appraisal value and integrated preference value are calculated respectively to sort the project being evaluated. A dedicated passenger line into a terminal example is used with the method to prove the theory scientific and rationality in decision making objectively on this problem.

Taking a longitudinal, continuous, ballastless turnout on LeiDa bridge on Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger dedicated Line (PDL, in China) for instance, an integral finite element model of turnout (crossover)-track slab-bridge-pier was established, in which two No. 18 seamless turnouts with movable frog in form of crossover, longitudinal continuous Boegl ballastless track, bridges and piers were regarded as one system. The temperature force and displacement regularity of turnouts, track slab, bridges and piers was analyzed based on this model. Besides, their effect parameters were researched, such as extensional stiffness of track slab, friction coefficient of the slip membrane and the fixing of anchor point. Calculation results show that the new design of the longitudinal continuous Boegl ballastless turnout on bridge is feasible and could offer a theoretic reference guide for future design and application.

The paper is going to improve the pricing method from the point of view of how to get the maximum benefit in passenger-dedicated railway. The main reason is that differences in the consumers' income lead to differences in endurance to the price of passenger transportation service. Thus we take into account of the pricing methods from a new point of view of time utility. As the loss of time utility is introduced to balance the differences of consumers, we set up the pricing model based on time utility in passenger-dedicated railway.

Reasonable urban public transportation system is the fountainhead of rapid development for the urban. Faced with the rapid development of the economics and society, time and resources is the first consideration of people and the government in urban. To satisfy with the economics and society, the urban managers must set up the most consummated public transportation system. Therefore, urban public transportation system of the urban is the premise and foundation for the urban and it is also an important guarantee of maintaining its rapid development and sustainable development of the urban. Neglecting the evaluation of the urban public transportation system will cause the sustainable development of the urban being in trouble. Otherwise, the effective evaluation can help the urban get the sustainable development. Though introducing the content and characteristics of the urban public transportation system, this article gave us a new appraisal model to inspect the urban public transportation system. The unascertained measurement model was used to inspect that whether or not the public transportation system of Handan is effective and efficient, which is useful for urban to get the healthy development.

In order to solute train traction calculation problem based on discrete control, the paper builds up a general train traction calculation model. The model includes multi-particle train model and three main operation processes. The processes are train start and acceleration process, adjustment velocity process and stop process. In train start process, traction force is adhesion tractive effort or max current effort. In brake process, brake force is calculated by cars' actual brake-shoes pressure and their friction factors. In brake to stop process, the resistance brake on locomotive is inoperative. The paper chose train's balancing speed as target speed on each railway section and to shift control gears. Energy consumption is deduced by reducing unnecessary brake process. According to these analyses, the train traction calculation program is developed. Through tests indicates that the model is effective and reasonable.

A dynamic model based on variable matter element with parameters is applied to establish the early-warning model of airport security. In this model, the early-warning indices system is conducted on the base of the survey. The weight of early-warning indices is ascertained with the method of correlation function in extension theory, and the comprehensive correlative degree is taken as the evaluation criteria. At last, the unitary early-warning grade of the airport is derived with the early-warning model. A case study shows that the model is suitable for the evaluation of the airport security, and the assisting early-warning decision quantitatively.

The urban resident trip-mode share rate is a significant index of urban transportation pattern and its development level. It is one of the important issues in urban transportation study to forecast the urban resident trip-mode share rate effectively so as to determine whether the present urban transportation structure is reasonable. This paper produces an improved Grey-Markov Chain method by combining Grey Model and Markov Chain, and based on this method, establishes the urban resident trip- mode share rate forecasting model exploringly. Firstly, to forecast the urban resident trip-mode share rate by Grey Model, then to revise the prediction by Markov Chain to obtain a more accurate result. This paper takes the private car trip-mode share rate in Nanjing as an example to illuminate the model's application for forecasting the trip-mode share rate. The result proves that the improved Grey-Markov Chain Method is more reliable and effective.

Sudden events can make great influence on road network's ordinary operation. Travel time is an important parameter evaluating the performance of road network. The paper analyzes relationship between travel time and traffic flow on a road section, analyzes distribution rule of traffic flow on each routes in a road network and travel time reliability. A nonlinear programming model in chance constrained is built according to these analyses. Test the model with an example indicates that the model can quantitatively analyze influence of route selection to travel time and travel time reliability under different traffic flow in sudden events. The model is beneficial to studying reliability of road network and dealing with sudden events.

Reducing the longitudinal separation minima could increase the airspace capacity and decrease the delays, so it is significant to evaluate the longitudinal collision risk under the different separation minima. This paper present the collision risk calculating methods of longitudinal separation for procedural control and radar control in the same route and the same flight level, and the collision risks in different controls are calculated by using the new methods. The results illustrate the longitudinal separation minima meet the Target Level of Safety.

Service areas, which are used to ensure traffic safety, alleviate the long-distance driving fatigue and guarantee the vehicle maintenance, are important parts of arterial highway. According to the construction detailed planning of service area in arterial highway in Sichuan province, this paper confirmed the layout planning ideas and methods of service area, discussed the objectives and principles of layout planning and analyzed the service needs of driver and vehicle. Because the data of driving-into rate are controlled to obey normal distribution, the scale of service areas could be determined corresponding. A benefit model is used to set up logical distance between service areas based on the driving-rate and economic benefits.

According to the STAR Chart of Pudong Airport, this paper makes a study of approach sequencing in airport terminal area. In reality, air traffic controllers space two aircraft with radar separation before Final Approach, but minimum wake separation on Final Approach. On such practical consideration, the paper builds a model of arriving aircraft with target of minimizing total delays of aircraft. With a prototype implementation of arriving aircraft on realistic data for Pudong Airport during some one hour, MAX-MIN Ant System algorithm is presented to solve the sequencing problem. Then, comparing with the First-Come-First-Served (FCFS), both the total delays and the number of holding aircraft are decreased.

The realization of integrated transport hub's expected functions depends strongly on the location of stations on the traffic network and the matching relationship between the various stations based on the traffic network since the layout of integrated transport hub is planned on the existing urban traffic network. In this paper, a bi-level optimization model based on urban traffic network is established according to transport planning theory, for solving the problem concerning the quantity and location of integrated transport hub stations. Taking total social travel cost of the network as system optimization objective, the construction expense is considered as the constraint in the upper-level model, equilibrium assignment model is taken as lower-level model in which travelers' transfer time is considered as certain length of road section which is joined by the station, then the network flow is assigned for user optimal objective according to the given traffic OD. Then, the paper discusses the suitable algorithm. Finally, the study of the planning of Chengdu integrated transport hub is given as an example.

Firstly, the necessity of comprehensive evaluation for train working diagram of line is analyzed, a comprehensive evaluation index system of train working diagrams is established, the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model for the quality evaluation of train working diagrams is founded by using the comprehensive two-level fuzzy evaluation method. Then, introduces the basis idea of the rough set, the decision table was established by the rough set theory and makes some redundancy Indicators Simplified and determine the relevant evaluating indexes by establishing decision-making table. Finally, Comprehensive evaluation for the index system of train working diagrams is made. The instance appliance approved that this evaluation system avoiding the simplification and subjectivisation of the evaluation process, was more feasible and practical. What's more, it conquered the difficulties of the comparison between quantitative and qualitative indexes of the train operation diagram, evaluation system will be important for studying deeply method and improving quality of train working diagram.

The allocation of container central station is influenced by many factors, so it is a complicated problem to determine the optimum scheme from the candidate ones. Extensive theory can solve a problem in both qualitative and quantitative perspectives and it is very effective in dealing with multi-objective problem. In this paper, according to extension theory, a container central station allocation decision making model is proposed by setting up affecting factors set. The variation coefficient method is used when determining weights of the affecting factors, which reduced the subjectivity and limitation, as well as enhances the objectivity and accuracy of the decision result. Finally, the calculated results demonstrated that the model is applicable.

As the extensive application of the elevated pile cushion cap in deep water, the construction method of suspension box-cofferdam develops increasingly on bridge construction in China. But the temporary extraordinarily construct is acted by static load such as rising force, hydrostatic pressure and structure gravity as well as dynamic loads such as wave force, water flow. Taking the practical program for example, this paper calculated the member stress of suspension box-cofferdam during pumping stages by finite element software package. To judge the security of the whole device, the detection of suspension box-cofferdam unit is done and the test to determine the bond tress of bottoming concrete is executed. Some conclusions are given based on these analyses. The section of other component can be decreased when the vulnerable connective area and the local super pressure-containing members are stiffened. And the bond coefficient 0.1 MPa is lower so that 0.2MPa is proposed to be advantage for the economy.

Recently, urban traffic congestion is becoming one of the most serious problems all over the world, which badly affects city's sustainable development and people's daily life. The measures of traffic flow leading is used in abate traffic congestions. However, the present measures are hardly to cope with the routine traffic congestion because they are instituted basically by experience. In response to this problem, the congestion and flow control method of Data Communication Network were put forward to traffic control to resolve this problem. Utilize the existing transport information collection system for real-time information collection, and the pre-leading model core devices -Controller, to carry out the similar algorithm and achieve the similar function. Controller using a combination of centralized dynamic routing with distributed dynamic routing strategy. This model is considered to be able to realize urban traffic flow pre-leading, its method for resolving congestion is effective, and it can achieve the goal of intellectual traffic control.

In the railway station operation, route arrangement directly influence the operation efficiency of arrival and departure of trains, as well as the carrying capacity of station. As it is a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with two-dimensional performance on both space and time, traditional algorithms can not satisfy the real- time request of station production due to the long time-consuming. In view of the characteristic of this question, the optimization model on route selection of passenger station is established in this paper, and the optimization algorithm of route selection based on the minimum maximum ant system is proposed. The technical problems of the algorithm, such as structural map of solution, pheromone model, heuristic information model, local search method and so on are discussed.

Establishment of route sheet is fundamental work of route arrangement in railway station operation. A new method to establish station topology map based on turnout group is proposed in the paper, and then passenger station yard is transformed to topology map, route-searching algorithm based on breath-first strategy is designed and all the routes between original and terminal point can be searched and route sheet of train dispatching operation is formed. In the algorithm, inspired strategy and pruning strategy are designed according to structure features of station, the method can avoid generating unreasonable routes effectively, reduce searching space and improve algorithm efficiency.

Based on the basic structure of Stream Line, it analyzes the supply and demand characteristics of logistics services. The degree of match is defined in order to depict the close-degree between the supply and demand of logistics services, and the function form is given. The example is given at final to describe and verify the effectiveness and feasibility of degree of match.

Supply chain management (SCM) is a very important research area in the last few years. Based on the triangular framework of the Supply Chain, Inter-Supply Chain (Inter-SC) Coordination is presented, which leads to Quadrangular framework. Inter-SC coordination, as well as inter-organizational coordination, pays close attention to benefits identification and conflict resolution. Some obvious distinctions between Inter-SC coordination and Inter-organizational coordination, such as definition, benefit identification, conflict resolution, information sharing, and benefits allocation, are analysed. At last, some conclusions are acquired.

Based on the analysis of logistics demand, this paper presents two different types of logistics demand which is the direct logistics demand and the potential logistics demand, analyses their respective characteristics, and discusses the relations between logistics demand and the factors of socio-economic activities.

In logistics service management, time-quality-cost tradeoff optimization is the key problem. In general, decision makers distribute resources according priority of attributes. So the priority weighs should be estimated under the situation of uncertainty. Because the judgment environment has the characteristics of hierarchy and multi-attribute in the logistics application, we put forward an integrated approach of analytical hierarchy process improved by rough sets theory. AHP is useful method to obtain weights in multi-criteria decision making problem. But the traditional processes have subjectivity. Since conditional entropy and attribute significance concepts are used to improve the judgment consistency. The improved Rough Sets decision table is used to obtain more objective weighs. In this paper, a case study on true data of one Logistics Company is given to verify the feasibility and practicability of this model.

Train operation conflict is the key issue that leads to train delay and accidents. Due to the conflicts, the level of railway safety and service quality will not be guaranteed. In this paper, the train operation types are discussed, the judging methods of train operation conflict is given. Basis on the study of conflict judging, the need of development of train operation conflict management system is presented and its working principle is described. The study of train operation conflict will contribute to improving the efficiency of train operation adjustment and railway timetabling for Chinese high-speed railways.

The railway technical station's Broad Dynamic Wagon-Flow Allocated Problem (BDWFAP) is related to design an optimum way to get the railway technical station's Static Wagon-Flow Allocated Process (SWFAP) in coordinate with the Adjusting the Train Sorting and Classification Sequence Process, which is based on comprehensively taking the Train Classified Rules, Train Stop Rules, and the Relationships between Arrival and Departure Trains into account. Respectively aiming at maximizing the number of departure trains, maximizing the number of departure wagon flows and minimizing the average transfer time per wagon flow staying idle at station in a stage plan, a mixed integer programming model with multiple objectives has been established to this problem. Aiming at this hardly to solve problem, local neighborhood search algorithm and genetic algorithm solving strategy has been designed.

The railway technical station's Broad Static Wagon-Flow Allocated Problem (BSWFAP) is related to design an optimal way to allocate wagon flows after the train sorting and classification sequence is determined, which is based on comprehensively taking the Train Classified Rules, Train Stop Rules into account. Firstly introducing two concepts which were the earliest train sorting end time and the latest train classification start time; secondly based on the relationship between arrival and departure train in the link of time and wagon flow connection, a nonlinear mixed integer programming model with multiple objective functions was established; thirdly based on the hardly to solve character of that model, a arrival and departure train set concept was introduced and a search algorithm was designed.

This paper has analyzed influencing factors of urban traffic control system (UTC) and developed a complete indicator system for UTC evaluation. The indicators can be classified into two groups which are performance evaluation measures and function evaluation indicators. The calculation method for each performance indicator is developed in the paper. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is used in function evaluation. At last, SCATS, that is an adaptive traffic signal control system, is evaluated using the function evaluation indicators and the FAHP method.

The universal railway station operation simulation Multi-Agent (M-A) model is built on the base of analysis of railway station operation organization process. The model is divided into four levels, eight types of specialized functions Agents. The overall structure of M-A model is built and the major function, structure, design method of management layer, decision layer, application layer and environment layer is studied. On the base of that, the social function of each agent layers are defined, then the organization and coordination methods in the simulation process is studied, the railway station operation M-A model is applied in the study of railway stations operation simulation system.

Currently, railway passenger transportation has rapidly developed and the special passenger lines are vigorously building, at the same time, the problem that the impact of the train delay has become more prominent. In order to attract more passengers and improve the structure of the passenger transport, we introduce periodic train diagram to solve the problem from three aspects: operation distance, reserved lines utilization and the train stops.

The calculation of logistics cost is of great significance for the companies. However, as the basis for the calculation of logistics cost, the environment effect is not taken into consideration in logistics cost calculation for the time being. Consequently, the total cost in logistics activity can not be reflected truly so that the healthy and sustainable development of the company will be affected. According to environmental value theory, the present thesis is going to put forward an proposal that the healthy logistics cost shall be taken into consideration while calculating the total cost in all logistics activities for an enterprise. In other words, environment cost shall be taken into consideration in the composition of logistics cost for a company, and moreover, an structure model is offered for the cost of healthy logistics for the enterprise.

In this paper, a mathematics model of System Structure of the regional logistics was set up. Based on this model, the developing of regional logistics competitiveness is indicated to be dynamic stability and dissipation in different Stage. And then, the evolution characteristics of the development level of the regional logistics competitiveness were put out.

The essay expatiates the current situation, tendency and problems in the construction and development of the logistics parks in China, and discusses the experience in the construction of the logistics parks in China.

The role mechanism of logistics on regional economic development was analyzed in this paper. It was further analyzed that the development potentiality and problems of Huizhou regional logistics based on the investigated data. Finally, the government's policies were proposed.

Gate assignment plays an important role in an airport operating system. By analyzing the characteristics of time intervals set that the scheduled flights use the gates, a graph coloring model for airport gate assignment is set up Then, a time slice algorithm is introduced to determinate the set of the time conflict of gate assignment. The vertex sequence coloring algorithm is presented according to the rule "First-In-First-Out". Finally, an example is presented and analyzed to demonstrate the application of this algorithm.

Building railway container key station can improve the capacity of railway container transportation and the level of transportation service. The forecast of container freight volumes is the foundation of construction, running, and evaluation of the key station. In this paper, the Grey Prediction Method GM (1,1) and Markov Prediction Method are combined to get the improved Grey-Markov Method, which is used to predict the development tendency of the railway container key station freight volumes.

Train program is the core of passenger transportation organization. Train program of passenger special lines is quite different from the existence lines'. This article analyzes the train program conditions of passenger special line. It studies the mode of transporting cross-line passengers and the reasonable train distance. This article proposes that the train program of passenger special line should be formulated in accordance with the train program of the existing speed lines; the transportation mode of cross-line passengers is the combination of inter-line train running and transfer. We supply the method of calculating the reasonable train distance of passenger special line. After calculating, this article concludes the competitive distance of the train running on passenger special line in China is between 100 km to 1550 km.

As the economic developing and people's living condition improving, passenger have more new requirements step by step. It is the inevitable choice for us to build integrated transportation system. In this paper, passenger rail transit integration was defined, and the author analyzed the developmental status and problem of rail transit and the inevitability of passenger rail transit integration in China. Base on this, the author suggested the strategy and approaches of it.

With the developing city, the parking trouble is becoming an outstanding social and transport problem. A completely understanding of parking behavior is important for city planner to draw parking policy. The paper employs the theories and methods of behavior science to analyze parking behavior spatial structure, and establish parking behavior model. The economic choice principle of expected gain in utility was adapted to represent the choice patterns of parkers in congested city centers. This model can be use to various applications for different purpose.

Road section traffic state determining is the important foundation to realize intelligent traffic. The characteristic of floating car traffic information is found on the principle of collection information, Sample size demand of floating car traffic information is obtained, the average travel speed of the floating car can be computed which is the determinant standard for partitioning different traffic states, so the traffic state determining model based on the Rough Set theory is built, Support degree of support subsets is gained by attribute discretization and reduction, Importance account of attributes, obey the decision-making rules, finally an example is given to show the feasibility and availability of the determining Model.

Based on the application situation of the representative prediction models and the present situation of China pavement maintenance and management (PMM), a new pavement performance prediction method is developed combining Grey System Prediction (GSP) model with Markov Probability Prediction (MPP) model. A simplified method of calculating transfer-probability matrix is proposed. Finally the pavement performance prediction of one expressway section in Sichuan province of China is studied as a case. The results prove the method and model is effective and practicable.

Based on utility theory and the characteristics of different transportation modes in corridor, rules are given for choosing explanation variables when mode share in corridor is forecast using MNL model. It is analyzed in this paper the relationship of factors affecting travelers' choice, such as travel time, safety, comfort, convenience and cost, as well as the adaptability of these factors used as explanation variables, then travel time and relative cost (the ratio of fare to income) are chosen to forecast mode share. According to traveler survey, MNL model is used to predict the influence of the Xi'an-Lanzhou Dedicated Passenger Line (DPL) on corridor's mode share. By analyzing the change of mode share under different velocities and fares, results show that MNL model has a guiding function in DPL operating strategy.

Standardization management is an important instrument to build high-speed railway with high starting-point, high standard and high efficiency. The standardization management of high-speed railway construction includes management institution standardization, members-allocating standardization, construction site management standardization and process control standardization. In fact, the standardization management of high-speed railway construction is to realize "six in one" management requirement of the best match of construction quality, safety, period, investment benefit, environmental protection and technology innovation in building high-speed railway by means of four standardizations.

By analyzing significances, intestine and foreign experiences of Computer-Aided Railway Yard Design, combining with instances of yard design, the paper puts forward the design idea and instrument according with the actual design mode, and presents aim, function, general structure, data flow and pivotal technology etc. of the system, and provides the references for the study and exploiture of Computer-Aided Railway Yard Design in our country.

This paper introduces completely rough set theory and calculation method into the method of China's railway cost calculation and establishes the analytical model of economic indicator. According to the features of four links (delivery, transport, transfer and destination) in the transportation and production process, the cost influencing factors and their degree are sorted quantificationally to reveal the effect of economic indicators on cost and the inherent and objective relations among indicators, which will be helpful to provide mathematical basis for management and decision-making and make the calculation results of railway operating expenses much more practical.

GPS navigation by carrier phase measurement can benefit urban vehicle intelligent transportation systems with high accuracy position information. The key of the application of carrier phase measurement is to initialize its ambiguity. The normal ambiguity initialization algorithm does not work well for a rapid or kinematic initialization process, which is necessary for urban vehicle navigation by carrier phase. An improved algorithm is proposed by the aids of widelane technique, network correction and the urban DEM constraint. An experiment is carried out to testify the validity of the improved algorithm.

Link travel time prediction is a focus of intelligent transportation system (ITS) research. Through comparing the performances of the existing prediction algorithm, this article tries to integrate rough set and BP neural network to establish a new one for link travel time prediction. By comparing the predicted values of travel time to the real travel time, the predicted model is verified to be effective.

The storage establishment of the railway freight station is an important node in supply chain, To optimal the warehouse space utilization of storage establishment, can reduce the logistics cost in the whole supply chain. Generally, the decision maker determine the maximum storage space of the railway freight station through the predict of freight volume or other measures, and it is very high cost if the railway freight station to repair new storage establishment to increase the storage space after it operation. To meet the inventory needs increased day by day in a supply chain, we should develop a scenario to maximum the warehouse space utilization of existing storage establishment in the railway freight station. This paper presents a solving approach for this problem, optimal the warehouse space utilization of existing storage establishment by optimal the replenishment cycles of the supply chain, as to maximum the warehouse utilization space. A model for warehouse space utilization optimization is established with the reference on maximum warehouse utilization space. Then, we employ this model in a genetic algorithm (GA) to search for the optimal replenishment schedule. Using simply instance, we show that the proposed GA significantly performs effective and efficiency.

Railway freight transportation is a very important issue in the development of national economic. This paper presents a railway freight transportation capacity optimal problem with the consideration of integrated logistics system. The classical railway capacity optimal problem can equivalent to the train scheduling problem. This paper consider with two kinds of cost: (i) the inventory costs: incurs when the train arrived in the railway freight station; (ii) the transportation costs: incurs when there exists a train operation between a source and a destination. A new model for the railway capacity planning with consideration of integrated logistics is established on the basis of classic train scheduling models, the proposed models, more close to the realistic world, can provide better support to the development of transportation. A genetic algorithm for solving this problem is proposed and demonstrated; a numerical example reveals that the GA can obtain good solution of the problem effective.

New approaches to the optimization of railway longitudinal section design are based on evaluating the performance in respect of construction and operation. In gale weather the index of gradient is especially essential as a variable. Four models are established, combined with four car types to calculate corresponding gradients according to various wind speed under different operational conditions. Control interval of gradient can be selected based on invest and operation requirements. With the help of software it helps choose economical gradient in station construction and precautions against rolling stock's free rolling in existing station.

To control a_y and a_y's rate of growth is always an important part in road geometric design. At present, however, vehicles are simplified as single rigid body when a_y and da_y/dt are calculated. Moreover, the calculation is made in two-dimensional plane, which does not comply with the actuality. In this article, a "Road-Driver-Vehicle" simulation system (RDVS) is applied to get a_y and da_y/dt. In RDVS, the dynamic vehicle model is driven on three-dimensional roads under the control of driver model, so it is more close to the real driving. We chose three roads in the mountainous area of southwestern China as the experiment subjects with designed speed of 20, 60 and 100 km/h, respectively. The results show: a_y gotten from RDVS is bigger than that from single rigid body calculation. As RDVS is more reliable, a_y from single rigid body calculation may cause an insufficient estimation. Suppose the driver drives at the designed speed. Though the designed speed varies, the peak value of a_y of the three objects range in [2.0m/s², 2.5m/s²], beyond the limit of comfort but within tolerate scope. As for Subject C, without application of clothoid, da_y/dt will exceed the limit of 1.0m/s³. So, it is suggested using clothoid, considering improving the quality.

The traffic behaviors are the result of the traffic participant's decision-making, who is a total rational subject. There are many kinds of conflicts of interest among the traffic participants, which is as the same as what the game theory researches. On the basis, this paper analyzes the process of the traffic participants' decision-making. It is put forward that there must be every probability of the traffic participants, as a single rational subject, making the decision to do some illegal traffic behaviors, when his optimize strategy contradict the colony's optimize strategy. Management measures are the key to regulate the traffic participants' best strategy.

By setting tunnel units, the definitions and parameters of highway individual tunnel, adjoining tunnel and tunnel group have been worked out. Besides, considering that the disaster prevention and control of adjoining tunnel and tunnel group in accidents is more complicated than that of individual tunnel and that tunnels affect each other, the traffic control of many tunnels on the same line while in fire has been researched carefully. To some extent, the research result will prevent the traffic accident from becoming worse and the secondary disasters from happening, which is of great significance to conduct researches on traffic safety of highway adjoining tunnel and tunnel group in accidents.

Considering circumstance characteristic and data availability of local area road network, we attempt to make a new model for traffic flow assignment based on simulation of driver's stochastic choice behavior in the intersection. The formulation for local area road network assignment problem is proposed on the assumption of random turning behavior. And the compute process of traffic assignment coefficient matrix for local area road network is provided in this paper. The new traffic assignment model has been used in traffic analysis for an actual urban road network. The results comparing surveying traffic flow data and determining flow data by the previous model verify applicability and validity of the proposed methodology.

In this paper, the characteristics of expressway and the contents of expressway financial management are discussed; The strategic positioning of expressway financial management is presented. Finally expressway financial management model is analyzed from different point of views such as the financial management mechanism, organizational structure, internal and external environment and implementation focus. Suggestions for reforming expressway financial management model in China are also presented.

Hydropower is an important measure for adjusting the structure of energy supply. With sustained idea, cascade hydropower has been developed priority and vigorously, because it is high performance and cleaner energy. Moreover cascade hydropower has been paid more attention on account of its significant economic benefits. Due to continuous deeply development of water resources, there are increasing complexity of the power grids structure. The relationship between water resource and electricity generation will become closer and closer than before. In terms of optimal dispatching cascade hydropower, this paper proposes a new dispatching method. This implies that power grid is the first and reservoir is the second based on the stability and safety of power grid. The case study about optimal dispatching cascade hydropower Power in Sichuan province has verified this proposal efficiency.

Based on a facility layout algorithm in intelligent calculation algorithms, effective layout representation plays a key role in using random search algorithm to effectively generate high quality layout solution; therefore, use for reference from the related ideologies of very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) physical design, a facility layout representation based on sequence-pair structure is proposed. On the basis of sequence-pair marking, the fundamental layout representation is established by taking area utilization and logistics quantity as objective function.

The users demand analysis of Nanning public logistics information platform is done in detail, the function modules which consists of eight subsystems, logistics database management subsystem, public logistics information management subsystem, logistics online business subsystem, logistics E-Government subsystem, logistics industry chain one-stop service subsystem, logistics enterprises operating trusteeship subsystem, logistics knowledge exchange subsystem, maintenance and management subsystem of logistics platform; are constructed and the key technologies among above modules are studied in detail. On this basis, the system structure is further discussed, including five layers, infrastructure layer, data layers, application support layer, application service layer and user layer.

This paper researched on the characteristic and uncertainties of agricultural supply chain, expounded two types of agricultural supply chain model, constructed a feedback control model by using control theory, discussed the behavior and decision-making coordination of agricultural supply chain, analyzed the Whip Effect, pointed out structure asymmetry and channel asymmetry of information exchange which caused the Whip Effect, put forward the mathematics model by using Principal-Agent theory, discussed the theory solution to reduce Whip Effect.

This paper focuses on the storage management system of vehicle assembly enterprise as the studying object and researches the modeling, simulation running of this system by applying AutoMod simulation software. Moreover, it reasonably optimizes the current system by resetting the station and quantity of equipments which could highly improve their utilization. According to this way, it also provides a reliable basis for the similar assembly production enterprise in improving the storage management level and reducing the storage costs.

Based on the features of Motor Train Unit (MTU) multi-connection, this paper focused on the shortage section of carrying capacity and analyzed the application condition and operation procedure on passenger dedicated lines (PDL). The results indicated that the extra running time, due to the parallel routes detour, played an important role on multi-connection and detaching. If the running time is less than multi- connection time, the parallel route detour can be considered as the scheme; if the running time is more than the sum of multi-connection and detaching time, the multi-connection operation (disconnected) can be regarded as the good one; if the running time lies in between, the multi-connection operation (un-disconnected) is the good one. The analysis on operation procedure showed that it can be realized technically by multi-connection or detaching for MTU during the application.

Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway, as a passenger railway, will improve the traffic conditions and enhance communication and connection among the cities along the railway line. The paper analyzes the effects of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway on urban system development separately from the hierarchical structure, spatial structure and function structure. From the analysis, it comes to the conclusion that the construction of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway will optimize the hierarchical structure of urban system, improve the spatial accessibility among the cities and make the functions and characteristics of cities be more obvious through strengthening industry development. Therefore, the construction of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway has the important meaning to urban system development.

The passenger transportation industry will face more and more competitions than before while the demands for passenger service are becoming variety. It is difficult for Passenger Dedicated Line (PDL) managers to improve the attractiveness and enlarge the market share. Based on its own conditions and external circumstance, the PDL must have suitable reasonable marketing strategies according to the change of marketing situation, so as to play the technical advantages fully, heighten its own attraction and enhance the competitive ability at the different development stages of passenger transport market. In view of PDL construction features, this paper indicates the necessity of the PDL stage marketing strategies. And then, the different Market Characteristics and Service Objects of the different stages are analyzed by taking the advantage of Product Life Cycle (PLC) and modern marketing science. Lastly, author proposes some suggestions on the Stage Marketing Strategies of PDL, and gives some advices on marketing strategy stipulation and implementation of PDL.

Many attempts have been made to research complexity problems of Supply Chain Management (SCM) by study the stability and bullwhip effect of an integrated supply chain. Some researchers have made attempts to establish supply chain system model using system dynamics also, but not much has been done on modeling the netlike structure of supply chain. In this paper, the dynamic evolution of Supply Chain Network (SCN) is analyzed first, indicating SCN is virtually a complex network. Then BA model is used to prove the supply chain in open-market environment has scale-free properties and are typical scale-free networks. Last, some suggestions of supply chain management are given.

At present, there are two methods to construct road at crossing lake in the city: the first method is filling lake and constructing road, the second one is building bridge cross lake. The method of filling lake is simple and low cost; The method of building bridge is difficult and relatively high cost of construction. How to determine which program should be used? Based on an example of constructing a main road in a certain city, this article analyzes the problems after the completion of the construction with the first method, such as the pollution to the environment even though the cost is low, the destruction of the natural landscape, water erosion and scouring to the roadbed, roadbed settlement and road damage under full vehicle load pressure, high frequency and high cost of maintenance and conservation, and its influence on traffic safety and so forth. Although the method of building bridge has high one-time investment cost, but it can increase the effective use of road performance, extend road life, reduce maintenance costs, and improve the natural landscape. With the Comparative analysis of the examples, from the aesthetic and technical point of view, revealed the planning and principles to be followed in dealing with the above mentioned problems accordingly, also provides a useful reference for the design and construction units in dealing with the similar issues.

According to attribute mathematical theory, attribute recognition model in the assessment of urban traffic environment quality is established in this paper. Firstly, an index system is developed for assessing urban traffic environment according to automobile exhaust pollution and traffic noise; secondly, attribute measurement functions are rigorously constructed to compute attribute measurement of single index, as well as index weight is determined to compute synthetic attribute measurement; thirdly, a confidence criterion is established on the basis of the ordered evaluation sets; finally, An example is assessed to demonstrate the application of the proposed model and method, and the assessment results agree well with that of the matter-element method, which validates that the proposed model is feasible, effective and reliable in assessing urban traffic environment. The study indicates that the model is forthright in theory, simple and convenient in method, so it is applicable in practice.

Aims at the main problem, which is that urban road maintenance management is guided by experience of recognizing road, in the decision progress, some programs are not suitable for urban road maintenance because the department has not enough quantitative indexes evaluating road maintenance, leading to a lot of problems, such as wasting maintenance fund, road quality declining, raising consuming money and so on the need for road maintenance was analyzed, contents and technology line were put forward. At last, road maintenance theory and one scheme were proposed to guarantee the road exerting its function within design years.

The special passenger railway from Wuhan to Guangzhou is the longest special passenger railway in China, and also with the features of the highest technical standard and the largest investment scale. The Wuhan railway station adopts new structural form of the combination of bridge and building. As to the special structural form, the mass of upper steel structure passes to pier through V-shape supportings and vibration caused by high speed train will transfer to upper steel structures directly. The fatigue life of upper large-span steel structures under long-term reciprocating dynamic loads needs more attention. Numerical calculation model for moving loads and bridge is established by the software ANSYS based on the fundamental theory of dynamic response of simple supported beam under moving loads, in which the high speed train is modeled by a series of moving loads. The frequency and deformation and acceleration of beam are calculated. The time history and Fourier spectrum of bearing reaction are obtained. It is showed from calculation results that resonance will not be occurred and the technical indexes such as frequency and deformation and acceleration of the beam all satisfy the relevant technical regulations, which indicates that the dynamic design of the beam is rational. The calculation results in the paper provide foundations to analyze fatigue life of upper large-span steel structures.

Park-and-Ride (P&R) scheme is an effective means for managing traffic demand in urban areas. This paper proposes a network equilibrium formulation for modeling the P&R services in a stochastic transportation network with capacity constraints. In the propose model, it is assumed that travelers can complete their journeys by three options: using auto mode, walk-metro mode or the auto-metro mode (referred to as the P&R mode). The proposed model simultaneously considers travelers' travel choices on travel mode, route/path and transfer point, as well as their parking choice behavior nearby the destination. The proposed model can be formulated as a fixed-point problem. An augmented Lagrangian dual algorithm embedded by the method of successive averages (MSA) is developed to solve the proposed model. Numerical results show that as compared to the stochastic network model, the deterministic network model will overestimate the car demand split and underestimate the P&R demand and the total network cost. Numerical results also show that adding a P&R facility into the network might lead to a paradoxical phenomenon, i.e., total network travel costs after adding a new P&R facility become larger than before instead. This study will provide a powerful tool for the authority to design a rational and efficient P&R system.

The semi-analytical method for solving structural noise of viaduct box beam is actively investigated in this study. A semi-analytical method with satisfactory computation effectiveness and precision is presented in the paper for solving the acoustic radiation from an infinite concrete viaduct box beam in the air. The method is based on the theory of the extended homogeneous capacity high precision integration method and the spectrum method of virtual boundary with a complex radius vector. The semi-analytical solution is obtained through the Fourier transformation (FT) and stationary phase method. It's very significant for further understanding the acoustic radiation characteristic of the urban viaduct box beam from qualitative analysis. Also, this study has the value of noise controlling and forecasting for building and optimization designing for box beam.

Urban traffic evaluation is a complex systemic progress. In this quantitative evaluation of urban transport system, according to principals for system evaluation, based on system engineering analyses way, uncertainty multi-attribute method is utilized to summarize and advance a set of evaluation indices system, which includes four parts and consists of 31 evaluation indices together. Given the initial evaluation matrix which is lack of some information, and hybrid information matrix which reflects fuzzy and uncertainty circumstance, separately, different ways are used to calculate weight values for initial incomplete matrixes, that is auxiliary matrix method and linear goal minimizing the difference method, then all the index values are combined together by weighed algebra average and combined weighed algebra average operators, till to achieve the transport development synthetic index value and then evaluate. Finally it gives a calculating evaluation example of a small satellite town, which shows that the method is scientific, objective, and feasible.

This paper is concerned with the development of a model using attribute recognition theory for judgment of expansive soils in road sub-grades. Aiming at the requires to the evaluation of expansive soils in practice, an evaluation index system is developed and attribute measurement functions are constructed to calculate attribute measurement of single index and synthetic attribute measurement that is used to recognize the expansibility of expansive soil. A typical example of the application of the model is presented, and the used process, the reliability, and rationality of the appraising model are explained in detail; and the assessment results are compared with that of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method. The application example validates that this model is feasible in synthetic evaluation of expansive soil. It is hoped that this will encourage the application of attribute measurement model by professionals.

In order to accurately describe the distributive regularity of in-use passenger car carbon monoxide (CO) in idle condition, based on the actual detecting data of 1,069 passenger cars, and by way of strict parameter estimating and hypothesis testing, it is affirmed that the idle CO emission of two types researched passenger cars all obeys two parameter Weibull distribution, and the corresponding distributive density function and the distributive function models are established. The qualified rates of two type passenger cars' idle CO emission detecting are all 77% or so, and the relative errors between the results got by model calculation and by sample actual detection are 2.82% and 4.89% respectively. The research shows clearly that the CO emission distributive regularity is accurate, and model calculation results are reliable also. In addition, the qualified rate of idle CO emission still has a long way to go to catch up with the actual qualified rate of three type passenger cars' idle HC emission, which are all higher than 98%, so it is suggested that the main direction of reducing vehicle emission in big and middle cities should be concentrated on cutting down CO emission of passenger cars.

In order to accurately describe the operation fault statistical regularity and use reliability of commercial truck, based on the large sample firsthand data collected in the practical operation of 129 vehicles for several years, and by way of strict parameter estimating and hypothesis testing, it is affirmed that the operation fault of medium-duty commercial trucks made by two different manufacturers obey two parameter Weibull distribution without exception. At the same time, the mathematical expressions of their fault density function &fnof;(l), the fault distributive function F(l), the reliability function R(l) and the fault rate function λ(l) of the medium-duty commercial trucks are established also. In addition, by means of statistical analysis of the firsthand data and corresponding function expressions, some important estimators and observed values, which can represent the reliability characteristic values of these commercial trucks, are got also. The research can provide scientific and reliable basis for grasping the operation fault statistical regularities and reliability levels of medium-duty commercial trucks made in China accurately, organizing transport production, maintenance and repair of vehicle rationally.

This paper describes the common damage of the slab with slightly curved bottom (SC slab) of the rigid frame arch bridge. In light of the results of finite element stress analysis, deteriorations of SC slab are considered causing by the lacking of slab thickness and arch frame lateral rigidity. Several preventive measures and maintaining measures are recommended for SC slab, which are validated by finite element analysis.

The deteriorations in the continuous composite arch bridge are introduced firstly. And the structural analysis model is established by finite element method. The positions of dangerous sections are obtained easily by calculating analysis. The rehabilitation scheme, in which the steel tube piles are adopted in each span and the cross beams are strengthened by plastering steel plates, is proposed based on analysis results. Many advantages of the rehabilitation scheme can be presented, such as advanced technology, construction shortcut, excellent performance, and so on. The rehabilitation scheme is proved feasible and reasonable.

In windy, dry and torrid regions, early-age cracking severely threatens airfield pavement durability. In the light of the analysis of drying shrinkage mechanism of pavement concrete, a model for drying shrinkage deformation of early-age pavement concrete was designed. Besides, the model was validated with experimental data. The result of experiment shows: as to the pavement concrete of w/c=0.35, drying shrinkage strain can approximately reach 1.8 mm/m during 20 days after casting, and the shrinkage strain rate is relatively high in early 7 days; drying shrinkage strain of pavement concrete is an exponential function of time.

The keypoint of ground treatment of airport in sulphate saline soil (SSS) region is to eliminate salt heaving. Concept of dangerous point (DP) was brought forward. Based on the fact that load can control salt heaving effectively, ground treatment by heavy cover technique was put forward. Experiments about salt heaving under different loads were carried out to study the restraining effect of load, and a salt heaving formula was deduced out which can calculate salt heaving rate with three parameters: compaction degree, saltness and load. Three typical dangerous points including compaction degree dangerous point (CDP), saltness dangerous point (SDP) and water dangerous point (WDP) were analyzed. Control guideline ground treatment was discussed, and the method and flow chart for calculating the minimun load and thickness was given, calculatation indicates that 50 kPa is almost enough to control salt heaving, the minimun thickness is about 2 meters with grit material for covering.

Taking into account the emergency events effects to random changes of road network traffic flow, road network reliability theory is introduced to vehicle routing problem. The concept of road network reliability based on vehicle routing problem is given and a solution of the vehicle routing problem based on the road network reliability is proposed. The integer programming model is established and the ant state transition probability formula which could adapt to the connection reliability and travel time reliability is proposed. The experimental results show that the algorithm has a good convergence speed. Suitable solution can be acquired with indicators. The model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are proved.

A stochastic prediction model based on the seismic records from SMART-1 was developed, and the influence of spatial variations on ground parameters was considered. Based on this model and the evolutionary power spectra model suggested by Kameda, the multi-point ground motions with non-stationary intensity and frequency were simulated, which was then used as the inputs for a five-span, continuous, rigid-framed, curved bridge. The curvature radius of the bridge is equal to 300 m. The dynamic responses were analyzed and then compared with the responses caused by uniform excitation and wave propagation excitation. An effort was made to investigate the potential influence of spatial variability of earthquake ground motion on curved bridges.

Aiming at dynamic interaction of vehicle, turnout and bridge in high-speed railway, it put the vehicle, turnout and bridge as a coupling system. Grounded on the vehicle dynamics, turnout dynamics and the FEM of bridge dynamic analysis, linked by the relations of wheel-rail and turnout-bridge, it established a dynamic model and its analysis theory of jointless turnout on bridge, and applied the numerical simulation method to study the dynamic characteristics of turnout and bridge structure, as well as safety and comfort of the high-speed running conditions. Integrative dynamic performance tests of jointless turnout both on bridge and on subgrade were carried out at Zhejiang-Jiangxi railway line when respectively run 200 km/h EMUs, 160 km/h passenger train and 120 km/h freight train, by contrasting the dynamic performance of turnout both on bridge and subgrade and comparing the measured results and theoretical calculations of jointless turnout on bridge, it verified the scientific significance of dynamic analysis theory of turnout on bridge.

Probe sample size is analyzed using real mobile phone handover information in terms of variation range, peak hours, average during working hours and so on. Two roads with different traffic background and characteristics, a freeway and a main road, are selected for the field test. The experiment results show that mobile sample size ranges from several to over one hundred. What is more, this paper explains the influence factors on mobile sample size, such as traffic flow, cell phone calling behavior and handover link length. It indicates that the more traffic flow, the longer call duration and the shorter handover link length, the larger the mobile probe sample size is.

It is an effective way to discuss urban interchange construction from an overall view and by analyzing traffic flow properties based on urban road network planning. Interchange type design should be made according to influential factors and traffic functions. This paper presents the evaluation index system for interchange type selection and quantifies the indexes, constructs the hybrid decision-making equations by means of PROMETHEE, GC-TOPSIS and FCV to make the choice among many interchange plans. The selected evaluation index values include three types of weight, that is, AHP, mean-variance and combined evaluating. Solving the three kinds of equations for the three kinds of weights respectively, 9 scores for each interchange plan will be produced and the scores used to rank all the interchange plans with the Borda function, that is a Social Choose Function (SCF). Considering different factors, the weight values and evaluation indexes can be adjusted to resolve the selected evaluation index equations for better precision, make sure that the urban interchange construction can be more effective.

A bi-level programming model with multi-objective is presented to optimize the road network in economic circle on the basis of genetic simulated annealing algorithm. The upper level is established with the objective functions of minimizing the total cost of investment and maximizing the road network connectivity. The lower level predicts the network traffic flow pattern, under the stochastic user equilibrium assignment model. An algorithm coded by MATLAB is more suitable for solving a large scale network optimization. Taking road network in the economic circle of Yangtze River Delta as an example confirms that not only this model and algorithm are effective and feasible, but also the best solution to the algorithm is credible.

With the related knowledge of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) based on GIS, this paper analyzed the traffic bottleneck of a study area in a city. Building an adjacency matrix with travel speed as the spatial attribute. The whole distribution status of traffic bottlenecks can be known by the global spatial autocorrelation analysis, and the relation among traffic bottlenecks also can be known by the local spatial autocorrelation analysis. The key section of road which plays an important role in the traffic system can be attained after the significant hypothesis testing, so offering an actual reference to make a reconstruction plan for roads.

Based on describing the normal delay survey methods' characteristic, the comprehensive method is given. This method is made a different surveying line to get the data. The comprehensive method chooses the vehicle's stop moment that effected by red signal lamp as its first collected data, and chooses the time that the vehicle pass the stop line as its second collected data. According to these data, using the video method, the model that the vehicle delay parameters is given. And the relative parameters can get, too. These parameters include saturation flow, the rate of park, delay time etc. Using the comprehensive method, an example is given. It is proved that the method described in this paper can made the delay data more effectively get and the method is simpler than other methods.

This paper conducts an empirical study by adopting combined methods of factor analysis and linear regressive analysis. There are four major influential factors on railway financing structure: scale, profitability, growth, and nature. The relation between railway financing structure and the above mentioned factors are: the debt ratio is positively correlated with project scale; profitability has no significant influence to the financing structure; high growth rate of a railway enterprise could help to reduce the debt level; increase of large and medium sized railway constructions can reduce the debt level of railway enterprises.

Based on the characters of taking-out and placing-in shunting on branch-shaped sidings, the best schedule of taking-out and placing-in of wagons in the case of some non-through trains arrived the railway station successively is analyzed. In this paper, the collection and delivery shunting is treated as a system, the model whose optimized target is that the wagons' wagon-hour consumed in station is minimized is proposed. The best operation sequence, moment and number of collection and delivery shunting can be found by calculating the model. At last, a model based on an example is built and is solved by heuristic algorithm. The simulation result shows the validity of the model.

There is certain relation with Actual Loading Rate (ALR) and Unit Consumption (UC) of the transportation vehicle. In order to confirm both relation more veraciously, we analyze that ALR changing affect UC. By using statistic software SPSS13.0 to curve fitting for statistic datum in the paper, consequently confirm the relation model of ALR and UC by curve fitting, analyze that ALR changing affect UC of transportation vehicles by the model. By model analysis, ALR enhanced can reduce UC, different ALR interval, improving the same scale ALR, UC descendent scale is different. When ALR is in lower interval, UC is affected bigger for improving ALR. ALR interval higher, UC is affected less. In a word UC reducing scale is more than ALR improved scale.

In the study on the reasons of property change of highway reinforced concrete (HRC) bridges, the way of collecting data from two contiguous existing HRC bridges with over 10 years which are the same of design and building synchronization begins to become an important technique. In order to investigate the effect of the effective member stiffness degradation and durability degradation induced by vehicle overload, vehicle overflow, rebar corrosion, and concrete deterioration on HRC bridges, its middle span is chosen to do static and dynamic loading test. Based on the test data in different circumstances, the working performance of two bridges was studied. In consequence, the performance of HRC bridges on stiffness degradation and durability degradation is more serious compared with the bridge under the condition of non-overloading. The results showed that the process of rebar corrosion in HRC bridges speed up on the condition of vehicle overload and vehicle overflow on the HRC bridges, so as to decrease durability degradation, and will continuously develop as time goes on. The results are instructive for construction and maintain bridge engineering in use.

The expressway and the high-speed transport system formed by it will have tremendous influence on social economy through space effects, time effects, market effects and the gathered effects. But there is one fact should not be overlooked, along with the construction of expressways, there will be a large number of farmers losing their survival lands. If the compensation for land expropriation and resettlement to farmers is unreasonable, under the condition that economic deprivation and sustainable livelihoods being unable to be guaranteed, they will become new social unstable factors. In China, farmers are often compensated by the statutory standards for land expropriation in expressway construction. This standard of compensation can't reflect the different degree of influence that expressway has on the regions along it. The compensation method with single money can't safeguard farmers' long-time livelihoods, and it can't reflect the difference of their dependence on their lands. Because of the problems in compensation and resettlement, this paper puts forward theory of "Compensating Differential" on the basis of anthropocentric economics. This theory claims that the compensation for lands to farmers should use different standards according to highways' different radiation degree to social economy; and adopt different compensation methods according to the different dependence of farmers' families on lands. Social fair is greatly considered in this theory. We can guide work of compensation for land expropriation in expressway construction. Therefore, this theory has both theoretical and practical value.

The mitigation effect of WIB for low-frequency vibration induced by subway is studied in this paper. The numerical calculation model of train, tunnel and ground is established, simplifying the train load as moving dynamic load along the tunnel, then the mitigation effect of WIB with different depth is studied, finally, the mitigation effect of WIB, continuous wall and open trench are compared. Conclusions have been drawn, the ground vibration, especially low-frequency induced by subway loads, after WIB is set up, could be reduced more than two other kinds of mitigation measures.

In view of the defects of the traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the uncertain type of AHP and the improving optimal transitive matrix were first applied to the layout of service areas, and the basic principles and steps of arithmetic of this method were introduced. Then, the layout optimal model of Daguan Service Areas was built in Chongqing, the weights of assessment indices were fixed and the optimal results were obtained. The results indicate that, this method can fully consider the major factors of layout service areas; besides, it can reflect the uncertainty and fuzziness of layout service areas better than traditional AHP. The higher reliability and accuracy of index weight can be achieved by using the optimal transitive matrix method to calculate interval number judgment matrix. Thus, the comprehensive results are proved to be credible and practical by uncertain type of AHP in layout of service areas, and it is propitious to enhance the rationality and science of layout service areas.

As a powerful tool to analyse reinforced soil mechanical behaviors, numerical simulation of reinforced soil has been a great concern for geotechnical engineers recently. The objective of this paper is to introduce, summarize and compare the various commercial available programs in reinforced soil numerical analysis. Some key points in reinforced soil numerical simulation were pointed out. Several mainstream professional programs for reinforced soil numerical simulation have been presented and compared, including FLAC3D V3.0, FLAC2D V5.0, Plaxis V8.2, Plaxis 3D Tunnel V1.2 and Phase 2 V6.0. Results from different commercially available reinforced soil programs were compared based on a standard example-reinforced embankment. Some constructive recommendations are proposed to choose appropriate software package for researchers and engineers to improve the analysis reliability.

The Hub-and-Spoke Network System is traditionally adopted to transport multitudes of goods at plazas of harbors or train stations. However, when plaza is close to demand positions and the number of goods reaches a certain size; this mode is not beneficial for saving distribution cost. In order to save the distribution cost in these conditions under the consideration of multitude economy, a mode of vehicle coordination supporting was constructed and a cost model was established based on integer-scheme of zero or one. The cost difference in various circumstances between these two modes was evaluated by visual tests. This study will provide a necessary reference to decrease distribution cost.

Several severe accidents have occurred in metro transportation, the attention for safety has increased enormously. The paper introduces the method to combine metro traffic safety with Virtual Reality technology in urban rail traffic system, studies the metro fire characteristics and causes. Puts forward a method to set up the metro virtual environment for simulation by using Virtual Reality technology, which is helpful to deal with potential hazards in advance. On this foundation, by using 3DS MAX and OpenGL graphics programming techniques, the rendering pipeline of virtual metro station scene is designed. The virtual metro station scene is rendered and can be roamed and implemented in real time. The dynamical fire effect is rendered in the virtual metro station by using the real time fire simulation algorithm based on the particle system, and the locomotive and metro station fire are simulated. Preliminary fire simulation framework of the virtual metro station is established.

With the emergence of traffic jams, environmental pollution and other problems, the prior development of public transport has become the consensus of the people. The mode establishment and model selection of present research on the travel mode options behavior based on the people's attitudes towards the characteristics of different transportation, which named stated preference (SP) survey. However, this subjective attitude survey itself plays the subjective guiding role in some degree, so it will affect the objectivity of the results. This paper studies the intelligence analysis on the basis of analyzing travel mode options behavior from one kind or several kinds of behavior in the travelers' daily life. Finally constructs the Logit model which is used in the analysis of travel mode options behavior for travelers in one city. The results from the experiment showed that the model can be used effectively and can provide support for the decision-making in urban public transport planning.

The train running scheme of passenger dedicated line normally consists of train running characteristics, qualities and equipment utilization. Three approaches should be go through to make up a complete scheme: traffic volume forecast, running scheme optimization and then drawing the running diagram. We put forward a thought that using outer recurrent iteration to achieve the harmonized optimization of the interior three approaches. The method of sequentially optimizing and recurrent iterating the sub issue of the three approaches separately is adopted to solve the optimization problem of the train running scheme of passenger dedicated line.

Road traffic automatic incident detection system is the important composition of road traffic monitoring system. On the basis of support vector machines (SVM) theory and sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm, the road traffic incident detection model based on SMO was put forward. With Visual C++ and Matlab, a simulation experiment was applied to the model. The shortcomings of quadratic programming (QP) algorithm were analyzed. The effects of three different kernel functions on sample training SVM classifier and on detection performance were compared using Chunking algorithm and SMO algorithm. The results show that Gauss kernel function is better than other two kernel functions for the performance of training and incident detection using SMO.

This paper proposes a capacity OD assignment model, and the model's algorithm is given. Then the optimal route choice optimal model is established according to the principle of minimize cost. The corresponding algorithm is given. The final part is the numerical experiment.

This paper focuses on the experimental study on the pre-stress losses of pre-stressing CFRP plates bonded on damaged steel structures. Both pre-tensioned and post-tensioned members are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The results show that, firstly the instantaneous pre-stress losses due to elastic deformations are up to 50% of the initial pre-stress for the steel plates strengthened with CFRP plate pre-stressed by the pre-tensioned method. The longer length of CFRP plate reduces the instantaneous pre-stress loss significantly. Because of the small value of the long-term pre-stress losses in the test, the approximate estimates of total pre-stress losses can be simplified as the instantaneous pre-stress losses with considering a safety factor. Secondly for the steel girders strengthened with pre-stressing CFRP plate by the post-tensioned method, the effective pre-stress of girder specimens are directly controlled by the anchorage set, and both the instantaneous and long-term pre-stress losses are slight. However the anchorage set with jacking system is rather complicated and difficult to design. From the view of pre-stress losses, the post-tensioned method is more effective than the pre-tensioned method.

Directed against the practice actuality of deep jet cement in different soft areas, the paper selects two typical soils --mud soil and saturated loess in northwest China, through FEM analysis and in-situ test, compares the stress property of the composite ground formed by deep jet cement pile in different areas. The calculated and in-situ test results as follow: first, the stress ratio of end-bearing pile composite ground is bigger than that of floating pile composite ground; second, the stress ratio in the saturated loess composite ground is bigger than that in the mud soil composite ground when they have same replacement ratio and load; third, the failure mode of the composite ground under the flexible foundation is resulted by the failure of the soil in the ground and this is different from the composite ground under the rigid foundation.

Transit planning practice majorly concerns transit route optimization, while the spatial distribution of bus terminals is generally neglected. Large cities have large-scale transit system, and their transit terminal distributions are complex. This paper explores the spatial characteristics of bus terminal distribution, and proposes a two-stage method for designing evenly distributed bus terminals and terminal zones. The study is based on Wuhan, a metropolitan city in central China. Firstly, the characteristics of spatial distribution of bus terminals in Wuhan are analyzed, including the spatial density distribution, as well as the relationships with urban morphology, land use, road network and service intensity. Secondly, a two-stage approach is proposed for locating bus terminals under ideal situation. Terminals from the two stages may constitute a useful supplement for bus route deployment.

Optimization strategies and location targets for four types of P&R facilities were advanced based on the theory of network-location. Secondly, according to the characteristic of urban traffic network, the location problem is modeled in popular type, namely a rail network or public transit model. Finally a heuristic greedy algorithm is provided for rail network model.

Urban Rail Transit (URT) has received much concern for its characteristics of large investment, profound effects and construction complexity. The comprehensive benefits of URT are embodied through network on certain scale, and the construction order of URT line will have impacts on the urban structure, economy, environment and the fairness of investment. The article elucidates the aggregation and spreading effect of URT, educing the importance of line construction sequence. On this basis, the URT life cycle cost model is brought forward to determine the construction sequence of the lines in the network by which the cost in construction and operation and the expected return of NJ Metro are analyzed, then the curves of construction cost and life cycle cost can be drew. Cost-benefit theory is carried out in comprehensive benefits comparison for lines alternative, within which the one providing best return is in urgent need. Actually all solutions and technic mentioned above constitute a decision system of URT line construction sequence.

In light of the growing trend of various types of planned special events, it is necessary to study the traffic management during such events. By analyzing the characteristics of travel demand in these events, this paper divides traffic management procedures into three phases, namely the traffic management planning phase, the day-of-event management phase, and the post-event evaluation phase. In particular, based on the experiences of traffic management in Beijing Olympic Games, we present the main tasks in the traffic management planning phase and then discuss the detailed strategies of the day-of-event traffic management phase. The research results have meaningful implications for traffic control and management during similar planned special events in China.

There are traditionally two classifications of airstrip pavements. Structuraldesigns within these classifications are performed using design aircraft with different take-off weights and tire pressures. This paper describes a study of the development of designs for these airstrip classifications using a new pavement structure consisting of roller-compacted concrete (RCC) base under thin asphalt concrete (AC) layer. The structural design index used is the flexural stress at the bottom of the base, and the structural design criterion is that the product of calculated load stress and composite assurance factor should not be greater than flexural strength of RCC. The mechanics of the pavement structures associated with the two airstrip classifications were analyzed using elastic-layer theory analysis. In conclusion, the advised design parameters for two classifications of airstrip pavements are given as reference.

Airport pavement concrete with high flexural tensile strength usually have the relatively high flexural tensile modulus, the influence of the pavement load stress and temperature stress induced by improve of flexural tensile modulus is discussed according to existing specification. It is pointed that under the unchangeable load, the load stress and temperature stress will increase greatly with the increase of the flexural tensile modulus, which results in the fracture of pavement slab. Thereby the modulus should be controlled with the increase of the strength. Then based on the contrastive experiments on flexural tensile strength and flexural tensile modulus of three kinds of airport pavement concrete (plain concrete, steel fiber reinforced concrete, steel fiber latex reinforced concrete), the method to reduce the flexural tensile modulus is studied. The result indicates that the modulus, the load stress and the temperature stress will depress of more than 20 percent respectively by adopting the steel fiber latex concrete, so as to decrease the stress of pavement slab.

Red sandstone granular soil has been broadly applied to construct all kinds of embankment. In order to carry on the engineering application of red sandstone granular soil, the study on its strength parameters has been a very important task. Therefore, the computation formulas for horizontal push-shear tests of red sandstone granular soil were inferred based on three-dimensional limit equilibrium method. The strength parameters of red sandstone granular soil were calculated using the proposed formulas. The results show that its cohesion c and internal friction angle φ increase along with decrease of water content ratio of the specimen, and rise along with enhance of its compaction. The average value of the specimens' strength parameters calculated by three-dimensional technique is 21.56k Pa and 29.29 degree, respectively, and the variance of the computational results by three-dimensional method is obviously less than that by traditional two-dimensional method.

In this paper, we deal with a facility location problem with opening, closure and reopening of distribution centers (DCs). The problem here studied considers the possibility of reconfiguring any location more than once over the planning horizon. In addition, we also consider the inventory cost in DCs where (Q, r) policy is used to meet a stochastic demand pattern. Our model intends to minimize the total costs, including transportation and inventory holding costs as well as operating, reopening and closing costs for facilities. After formulating the problem, a hypothetic example problem is introduced to exam the model's validity and the LINGO software package is used to solve the model.

A long-term Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is programmed in a new way. Focusing on the customers with stochastic demands, three policies of the IRP are studied, which are policy of fixed regions and fixed routes, policy of fixed regions and varied routes, and policy of varied regions and varied routes. And under the three policies, the IRP is solved by using newsvendor inventory model, sweep algorithm, periodic stochastic inventory policy and savings algorithm respectively. And thus the optimal delivery quantity for each customer and the total shortest distribution distance in each policy are found, which offers new approaches for the study of the stochastic IRP.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the viscoelastic response of polyester fiber reinforced asphalt pavement subjected to long periodic load. The four-unit five-parameter model is used to simulate the viscoelastic property of fiber reinforced asphalt concrete. The variation of deflections of characteristic points on surface for fiber reinforced pavement subjected to periodic static and dynamic load at high temperature is analyzed using ABAQUS based on viscoelastic mechanics. It can be found that the accumulative deflection at 3600s shows bigger value than that of instantaneous loading, and the deflection appear decrease due to the addition of fiber to asphalt pavement. The dynamic deflection of asphalt pavement subjected to half rectangle wave periodic load is smaller than static deflection. The fiber reinforced asphalt pavement suffers from less dynamic residual deflection compared with common asphalt pavement. The studies we have performed show the static and dynamic creep behaviors of asphalt mixtures have significant influence on the deflection of pavement for long period. The use of fiber improves the resistance to deformation and rutting of asphalt pavement.

Asphalt pavement of steep slope sections is easily to cause early disease, such as slippages, folding and rutting, because its shear strength is insufficient. There are vertical load and horizontal load resulted in braking process on asphalt pavement, the paper uses ANSYS finite elements system to analyze shear stress distribution law under different vertical and horizontal load at 20°C and 60°C respectively, which can provide theoretical basis for checking shearing strength. Analysis shows that shear stress increases with resilient modulus decreasing, for resilient modulus of asphalt mixture at 60°C is less than 20°C; Without considering horizontal load, the maximum shear stress appears at about 3 cm below surface; considering horizontal load, shear stress appears in surface, influence depth range increases with the load increasing, shear stress at 10cm in depth decreases more than 50% of that in surface, so when designing asphalt mixture, it is necessary to check the shear strength of upper and mid layers.

Multi-scale visualization plays a critical role in route planning and road guiding operation in mobile applications system, the existing two approaches used for general spatial visualization present their own drawbacks and disadvantages. In this context, in order to display these road representations with different detail levels at a successive and smoothly transformation order, this paper is devoted to a combined approach, also named `object interpolation', where some feature classes are stored as LoD in a multi-scale database, while others are generated in real-time from the base dataset. And the interpolation principle, overall framework and technical flow are put forward. Then, the object interpolation function is defined and described, which reflects the inheritable and transferable characterizes of quantitative, structural, geometrical, semantic, topological and attribute related information among multi-scale representation objects. At last, a case in point is given to indicate that the new method is a guarantee to objective selection of the road objects at middle scale.

The collection and return of city household refuse is a great concern today. Through analysis of return logistics network, a multiple objective mix integral programming model was suggested with optimization theory. The location of household refuse disposal centre and total cost were both considered. The model was verified to be feasible and effective in design of return logistics network.

When to rebuild highway airfield runway on the existing freeway, there is a problem that whether the pavement structure intensity could satisfy the demands required for an airfield runway. As for this question, there is not an effective way to check out. The pavement structure design method in Technical code of asphalt pavement for military airfield was consulted and a method to check out was put forward when the pavement could meet the demand of airplanes through calculating the stress of bottom of each layer with Bisar program, and then an example was given. It was pointed out that the method was effective through the contrast with the ACN-PCN Method. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were pointed out.

Through comprehensive analysis to traffic safety of the expressway, it raises an evaluation layout index system. On the basis of setting up grade evaluation standard, it adopts membership function and gets quantized evaluation index of traffic safety of the expressway. Because performance of the common measure that can't be common between different indices, it utilize attribute mathematics to make the indices standardization. According to the variation coefficient it determines the weight value of the evaluation index. The comprehensive appraisal model of traffic safety of the expressway is set up by using attribute recognition knowledge. And it carries a comprehensive appraisal on the existing expressway safety for one province. It validates that the new model is feasible for comprehensive evaluation of the traffic safety of the expressway.

With the rapid development of urban transportation, conflicts between pedestrians and motorized vehicles have become serious more and more. To effectively improve pedestrian safety, in this paper, based on the data collected from seventy-five streets in Nanjing, Hefei and Changshu cities, we evaluate pedestrian safety and point out the main existing problems, such as discontinuous of pedestrian lanes, insufficiency of the sidewalks, and then, we present measures for solving the related problems. The purpose of the paper is to provide a background of information for guidance in identification and improving pedestrian safety.

Ambiguous functional classification system (FCS) of urban road will result in serious traffic problems. In China, the current FCS experiences some deficiencies including indefinite roads classes, lack of considerations of the surrounding environment and the unreasonable automobile-priority concept, etc. It does not fully accord with the concepts of multi-modal traffic and context-sensitive design/solution (CSD/CSS) that are recommended and used widely. Consequently, based on the researches of functional classification methods used in USA, Germany and Poland, this paper analyzes the advantages of the above methods and points out the problems in China. And then, a new FCS is proposed and some key criterions of urban road concerning the service objects and priorities, design controls, road network, types of cross section, land use and bus stations are suggested.

In view of the curb parking pricing model basing on the "sub-optimal pricing" theory in economics failed to manifest the charge price variance in the case of different zones, different road section and different parking time. This paper studied the urban curb parking charge purposes and accepted tolerance function by the urban traffic operation and statistical analysis to fact-finding and questionnaire for curb parking. According to different charge purposes and accepted tolerance function to parkers, two different computation models of curb parking pricing were set up, which were regulating the supply-demand relationship of parking berth and regulating parking behavior respectively. Combining the curb parking fact-finding in Suzhou and Wuxi city, we obtain the conclusions that the curb parking charge rate in Guanqian district which is centre district of Suzhou is low 25%, the curb parking charge rate in urban district of Suzhou is high 14%, Wuxi business district curb parking charge is very reasonable. The conclusions agree with the actual situation, which could prove that the model is effective.

In order to make the best of limited traffic detectors, know about the traffic performance of urban road network, and then set effective management measurements, the paper puts forward a loop detector-layout method called "close-loop", and a traffic assignment method for local urban road network. A traffic assignment model is founded based on the stability test of turning split of intersections by real data, and the uniqueness of assigned link flow is discussed. Monte Carlo Stochastic Modeling Method is adopted to design vehicle turning behavior module, and a simulation model is founded. The model shows better performance and applicability in real local network, and can provide reference for founding related traffic models for ATMS and the layout of traffic detectors.

This paper firstly introduces the formulas of berth throughput capacity of container terminal adopted by mainland China, Hong Kong and South Korea. Secondly, it compares and analyzes the three formulas through the selection of parameters, determination to the value of parameters and the structure of the formulas to get the differences among the three formulas theoretically. Thirdly, an example is taken to reveal the main reasons why the annual actual throughput of container berth exceeds the design throughput capacity based on the researches above. At last, some pieces of advice are given.

When analyzing the function of transportation between central cities and satellite cities to urban spatial expansion, it is the key to quantificationally study the action mechanism and contribution degree of transportation between central cities and satellite cities to urban spatial expansion. This paper established the influence model by using the method of TOPSIS and the technique of computer simulation, analyzed the action mechanism and contribution degree of transportation between central cities and satellite cities to urban spatial expansion. It is improved by an example that the development of transportation between a central city and a satellite city can increase the allocation proportion of urban expansion units in the satellite city but can decrease it in the built-up area and urban fringe. The conclusion is obtained that the city space can expand to satellite cities by developing transportation between central cities and satellite cities.

The recycling strategy of waste products is the primary basis for the overall reverse logistics. As is shown in paper, the game theory is used to study the decision about the regulatory recycling of household wastes, the Cobb-Douglas function employed as the utility function to conduct an empirical research into the decision, from which nine proposals are concluded to demonstrate the recycling strategy.

Operating speed and design consistency have been agreed as the two critical measures of highway design evaluation, and could help researchers to study the contributors of traffic accident and black-spots on roads. In the UK, Hashim has developed the most recently model since the first operating speed prediction model published in 1989. Comparably, much more researches have been conducted in the USA, and a lot of achievements have been received. The Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) is a suite of evaluation tools for highway geometric design. Both of the two models are mainly focused on two-lane rural highways which also dominate the primary road classification in the UK. The major goals of this research are to find effectiveness of the highway design evaluation solution- IHSDM applying on the UK roads, as well as the further possible developments of model developed by Hashim. The background of the two models has been investigated; furthermore, they have been implemented on carriageways to systematically evaluate their practical feasibility in the UK, especially for IHSDM. The comparisons of predicted operating speeds with collected speeds, as well as the appraisal of the results with traffic accident data both have been achieved. Finally the further tasks that are required to make IHSDM appropriate for the UK conditions are recommended, including calibration of IHSDM Design Consistency Module to local situations, verification of highway alignment data input procedures of IHSDM; moreover, based on the results of applying the Hashim's model, the constructive suggestions for the further development have been also presented in this report.

The dense-framework type of base-course's coarse aggregate proportion which provides in view of our country (China) standard is oversized, the fine aggregate between the expected content are relatively few, compaction on-site construction to meet standards is rather difficult, and indoor formation is subject to easy segregation. Using embedded and crowded filling method of grading the stone skeleton structure is proposed to obtain the new design gradation method and the scope. Based on the physical CBR and wheel tracking tests, the three methods, namely, dense-suspended type of norms, dense-framework type of norms and the new design method have been evaluated for comparative study. The experimental study results indicated that embedded and crowded filling method of graded granular produces good mechanical properties and easier for on-site construction.

It is very important to exchange necessary data between vehicle traveling data recorder and vehicle management system, at present, there are amount of different data produced by different vehicle traveling data recorders (VTDR), but the data format differs in thousands way, so it is very difficult to share those valuable data, those data can not or difficult be used by the vehicle management system. To solve this problem, this paper puts forward XML-based vehicle traveling data recorder data markup language (VTDR-DML) which can be used to identically describe, pack, store and convey those data. The paper also gives the definition, data architecture and VTDR-DML schema. At last, the paper applies the language in the prototype system which developed to carry out a preliminary application.

In order to protect the safety of pedestrians and non-motor vehicles crossing the intersection, sometimes a right turn traffic light has to be set in the road intersection. Regarding a road intersection with the right turn traffic light, in order to make a trade-off between the safety of pedestrians and the reduction of right-turn movement delay, the key issue is the signal timing of red light for right-turn. Based on the characteristic of pedestrians or non-motor vehicles passing through the intersection, this paper analyses several factors' influence on signal timing for right turn traffic light, including pedestrians crossing time, pedestrians crossing speed, pedestrians queuing evacuation time, non-motor vehicles crossing time, non-motor vehicles crossing speed, non-motor vehicles queuing evacuation time, the volumes of pedestrians and non-motor vehicles and the traffic volume gap between peak period and non-peak period, and so on. Then we establish a formula of signal time setting for right turn traffic light. Finally, it is pointed out that right turn traffic light should be adjusted dynamically according to real-time traffic condition.

This study is a pilot study about the effect of demographic variables on driving safety. It is a part of assessment system of drivers' proneness to traffic accidents. The main method adopted in this study was questionnaires. After preliminary survey and formal survey stages, a structure was generated including gender, age, occupation, years of driving, automobile mode, property of operation, type of drivers, and goals for driving.

Urban public transportation is the harbinger of social production, the key of a city function to operate and the important window of the material civilization and spiritual civilization of a city. Therefore, developing urban public transportation is widely concerned by the entire world. The article taking pursuing the degree of passenger's satisfaction as the center, conducts the analysis and research systematically including the line plan, the wire to optimize, the public transportation dispatch, the grade of service and so on several aspects in the passenger transportation service system. From the characters of fundamental elements of conventional municipal transportation quality of service, using the qualitative method and quantitative method, conventional municipal transportation quality of service appraisal system is constructed.

Frost damage of airfield subgrade severely threatens the structure performance and durability of airfield pavement. Based on the frost heaving mechanism of airfield subgrade, mathematical model for coupled moisture and heat was established with elementary equations of moisture and heat. The model was established with finite difference method and one numerical simulation sample was presented. The model and arithmetic were validated by comparison between arithmetical solution and experimental results.

Evaluation of airport pavement service performance provides decision-making reference for management and scheme of design and maintenance. In order to evaluate airport pavement service performance, the evaluation index system and standard for airport pavement service performance are constituted, and the index weight value is confirmed using fuzzy consistent theory according to comparative importance of the index. The grey clustering method is adopted to fulfill comprehensive evaluation of airport pavement service performance by way of confirming of white function of grey clustering and constitution of clustering row vector. The service performance evaluation grade is showed by the single comprehensive index method and the state vector method, which can make it easy both to arrange the result in an order and analyze the cause of the result. Analysis result of an example shows the PCI and SFC is the major causation influencing the pavement performance, the example airport pavement performance dropped to grade III, and the maintenance scheme is to repair the pavement surface and friction.

It is the key to design reasonably how to calculate pressure of surrounding rock on multi-arch tunnel in load structure method. At present, calculation of pressure of surrounding rock on multi-arch tunnel in current "Code for Design of Road Tunnel" recurs to "Code of Design on Tunnel of Railway". Calculation formula of pressure of surrounding rock in "Code of Design on Tunnel of Railway" is based on survey of deep-lying single-track railway tunnel and statistic data of tunnel landslide. Single-track railway tunnel span is deemed as basic span. However, multi-arch tunnel has its own characteristics, such as clearance, span and ratio of height-span. It is a significant task to further study on calculation pressure of surrounding rock on multi-arch tunnel according to current "Code for Design of Road Tunnel". In the first place, boundary between deep and shallow depth of multi-arch tunnel is discussed in this paper. In succession, compare with ordinary theories of pressure of surrounding rock. Eventually improved calculation pressure formula of surrounding rock on multi-arch tunnel is presented. It acts as reference for design and calculation for multi-arch and large span tunnel.

As a slope retaining structures of micropile unit, the micropiles may bear the axial pressure. The paper analyzes the stability of the compression micropile, and establishes the calculation model with the soil resistance. Then we get the ultimate bearing capacity formula using the ZHANG-Method that the distribution of subgrade resistance is constant. With the help of ANSYS buckling analysis, a finite element numerical model can be established. At last, through an example to make comparison to solutions of theory and numerical simulation, and provide useful conclusions.

Water-destroyed of Roadbed on expansive area was gravely affected as extreme climate when the globe is warming. The Pearson Type III distributing model was established which can imitate the daily rainfall extremum. The Feng Lihua's drought model was introduced to evaluate the drought scale. The fine-rain translation matrix was established based on Markov Chain. And the Rough Neural Network was adopted to forecast the disaster of expansive soil roadbed water-destroyed under extreme climate conditions. Due to different outputs for same input in a trained Neural Net, the Monte-Carlo method was presented to simulate the probability of swelling and shrinkage grades, rainfall, drought continuance and roadbed gradient. The probability was inputted to the trained Neural Net. The statistical result of the output was the water-destroyed probability of the expansive soils roadbed. The calculating anlysis indicates this arithmetic is an expandable one which can calculate water-destroyed probability of the expansive soils roadbed when its geography distributing coupling with extreme climate and this arithmetic can be also used to forecast other disaster under extreme climate conditions.

Jetty road is the link of onshore to artificial island. It is used for marine oil exploitation and production. As a result of special terrain conditions of shallow beach area affected by tide, the project construction of jetty road has characteristics of higher investment, higher degree of risk, longer construction duration and higher maintenance costs. Overflow roads have been developed recently with height lower than the highest water level. The roads are different from usual roads in that overflow is allowed during high tide. The most important factor that influences the cost is the height of jetty road. To assure reasonable working days, maintain quality and reduce the project cost, it is important to determine a proper road height. Combining with full life-cycle cost theory, this paper presents a genetic algorithms (GAs) model for multi-objective optimistic design of jetty road height. The model is applied to oil field around Bohai Sea, and the numerical results show that the optimistic models perform well for optimistic problem and reduce the engineering cost.

Wharf engineering safety preliminary evaluation is system engineering involving many factors, single-index appraisal can't enforce the safety preliminary evaluation project diffused more effectively. This paper designs a multi-index appraisal system based on the measure of port safety evaluation, to establish an appraisal model based on unascertained theory, and sets up the weight of classification index by information entropy, more valuable to application, made for management and supervising of wharf engineering safety designed.

Ship operation space is a complex system, which includes terrain, meteorology, ocean water, obstructions, aids to navigation, vessels, monitoring equipment and rule of law. The static hydrographic features of temperature, salinity, density of seawater and the dynamic hydrographic features of current, ocean wave and tide are close and very important to keep the safety of ship operation space. The types of hydrographic features are introduced, the theory of ship operation space modeling is researched, and effect of hydrographic features for safety of ship operation space is analyzed in this paper.

The car flow route is related to the train formation plan closely. In order to moderate this relativity, based on the K shortest routes, this paper establishes a model for synthetic optimization of car flow route and train formation plan under the conditions of railway network's environmental parameters, capacity constraint and so on. Because it is difficult to solute the model using the traditional method, this paper adopts the genetic simulated annealing algorithm. The method in this paper can realize the synthetic optimization of car flow route and train formation plan.

By means of establishing the continuous elastic 3 layers beam model for track structure with random irregularity of track vertical profile, the vibration equations of the track structure are transformed by Fourier Transform. The vibration displacements in Fourier Transform domain are solved with this transformed equation. Then, the vibration responses of the track structure are obtained by performing Inverse Fast Fourier Transform. This technique is applicable to any complicated dynamics problem of the track structure. Vibration responses of track structure stimulated by several of existing high-speed Electric Multiple Units in China are calculated in this paper, vibration velocity and acceleration of track structure are got by analyzing the displacement. Analyzed each sub-structure vibration of track when a train passing by. Influences of track irregularity and train velocity on track response are investigated. Some track vibration regularities of high-speed railway are obtained at the end of this paper.

No logistics distribution network can avoid node's inoperative affair caused by natural calamities, operational thunderbolts and contrived events completely, and once it happened, related enterprises will suffer tremendous loses because of supply disruption. In the process of optimizing logistics distribution network, the influences of node's inoperative affair and the corresponding operation tactics are taken into account in this article in advance, an optimal model of logistics distribution network having the constraint of allowable recovery time is built, the number and the locations of various facilities, the allocation of corresponding goods flows are decided upon hereby, so that the logistics distribution network can recover to normal supply in time even in the case of node's inoperative affair. The objective is minimizing the sum of investment and operational costs.

In order to investigate the self-excited torsional vibration of locomotive drive system, the train adhesion mechanism and a single wheelset model are analyzed. Dynamic equations of the locomotive traction and the torsional vibration of locomotive drive system are established. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to build the simulation model. The simulation results indicate that the self-excited torsional vibration will occur when the initial slip velocity is located at the descending slope of the adhesion coefficient curve. The principle of energy conservation is used to analyze the mechanism of the self-excited vibration.

After analyzing the research statuses of urban traffic congestion state, and from the micro-traffic characteristics model, the system objective function of minimum network congestion -value was proposed followed the progressive point-line-area research route. The quantitative analysis model of traffic congestion state which faced to intersection, link and network was also established. At last, the case analysis and algorithm test of the model were carried out based on the Sioux Falls network.

Zhangjiaping bridge locate in the front of the large ancient landside, in the section K34+600∼K35+000 of Wanzhou-Liangping expressway. It has been controlled with anti-side pile and gridiron with prestressed anchor cable. The the first and the second pier column of the first bridge has been cracked, orificeplate for resistance to earthquakes has been cracked too, after torrential rain for a few days in june, 2007. Affecting the structure's normal use. Make a study of failure reason by hydrogeology survey; engineering geology survey; environment geology survey and numerical simulation. Results were obtained: Zhangjiaping slope is stable as a whole but local deformation; Root cause of bridge crack is the down-slide stress arise from slip mass thrust the middle part of the pier column of bridge. Terrain between the two rows of anti-slide piles is steep, distance between the two rows of anti-slide is large, covering layer is made up of incompact solum and the long-playing rainstorm after long-playing drought is the main factor to cause the slide. It is a key problem to prevent the deformation of the slide.

An index system of synthetically valuation for highway construction project must show its aim behavior. In term of aim dividing method, the index system of synthetically valuation for highway construction project was shown in 3 one degree indices: the economic index (J), social index (S), and environment index (H). Every next administrative level of index has an exact valuation rule index. In a synthetically valuation index system, an influence factor of highway construction project was divided to some subsystem. Based on fuzzy synthetically valuation, a synthetically valuation index system and value were established using multi-hierarchy fuzzy valuation model. When to valuate an enterprise synthetically, decision maker would wide the composition of Fuzzy operator among several valuation mathematical model in which the construction project may be fuzzy valuated. The valuation principle is as following: every factors are all thought over, important factors are thought over only, important factors are thought over emphatically, and all are thought over as well as important factors are paid attention. A detailed evaluating method of weigh coefficients can be gotten using dynamic theory. A reliable and viable method was put out for synthetically valuation of highway construction project.

Speeding is one of the most prevalent factors contributing to traffic crashes. Speed limit is one of strategies to enforce traffic safety by controlling drivers' choices. This paper discusses the rationality of speed limit on Bosai highway in Xinjiang Province. In order to evaluate the rationality of speed limit, three studies sites were posted in vicinity of speed limit sign. Speed distributions inside and outside speed limit zone, crashes records and drivers' compliance were examined. Significance of speed differences are tested by independent t test. Results show that 100km/h speed limit for passenger cars is within drivers' expectation and 80km/h speed limit for commercial vehicles is unreasonably high. As to the safety impacts, there is no evidence supporting the relationship between crashes and speed limit due to the limited data. The checking process has a practical aspect for speed determination and optimal use of limited road resources.

Because modern big cities contain a huge quantity of population and concentrated buildings, so they would pay a serious price if disasters happened without preparations. To meet the needs of urban disaster prevention and relief, this paper analyzed the impacts which are brought by disasters and introduced primary concepts such as disaster, disaster prevention and so on. Disaster reduction thoughts and redundancy design ideas were brought in on the basis of satisfying transportation requirement of both normal and disastrous times. Then, this paper introduced principles, characteristics and applying range of Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering, and, tried to import it to disaster reduction planning. After that, an example was shown to evaluate the feasibility.

As the most important transit priority measure, bus lane has been implemented in many cities of china. However, there is a lack of research on the influence of bus lane to road traffic, which is very important in the planning of bus lane. Based on the investigation carried out in Shenzhen city, which is one of the largest cities in China, the road traffic characteristics with or without bus lane is studied in this paper. The running state of buses and other vehicles in different situations is analyzed. The conclusion can be the reference for the planning and design of bus lane.

Trip in group is common in pedestrian traffic. Now some pedestrian simulation models consider pedestrian group, but it is relatively simple. Psychological and physiological characteristics of group and its effect on traffic characteristics (speed, inter-distance, array of group) are analyzed based on psychophysiology and behavior science; and the group and its behavior is redefined in traffic field. .at last, A sketch of group behavior of model in development is presented in the end.

The limitation of the longitudinal grade length is dependent primarily on the climbing performance curves of a representative truck which is used in designing the longitudinal grade, taking into account of the initial speed at the entry to the grade and the allowed speed difference. Truck power-to-weight ratio is the basic choice for a representative truck used in designing the longitudinal gradient. Through analyzing the operating characteristics of passenger cars and trucks on upgrades which are more than 3 percent and 3 percent or less separately, the computation model of power-to-weight ratios can be inferred from the equation of motion when a truck is moving on upgrades, and a set of experiment approach is proposed to compute power-to-weight ratios. Studies show that there is an obvious speed influence of the longitudinal grade on the truck when the gradient is more than 3 percent, and that the power-to-weight ratios of a representative truck are about 8.0 kw/t to 8.33 kw/t in the testing expressway. This method can be referred to determine the truck power-to-weight ratio in other province or regions in order to form the geometry design parameters of the maximum longitudinal gradient and critical length of grade.

Based on the coupling action of vehicle dynamic load and pavement a simplified vehicle dynamic load model is established, and new methods for calculating representative temperatures, accumulate action time of vehicle load and load revised parameters are proposed. At the same time, calculation method for rut prediction is formulated by using dynamic finite element method in the paper. Rut prediction calculations of a circuit test flexible pavement and a semi-rigid asphalt pavement are performed by the method, and their calculation results agree well with their test datum. The agreements between calculation results and test datum indicate that the rut prediction method is reasonable and reliable.

Through the investigation and analysis of the status and influence factors of post-earthquake disaster on urban transport system, this paper aims to introduce the authors' study of route choice for post-earthquake transporting exigency based on the principles of timely, security and economy of the transport route choice under exigency situation. To describes the above three decision-making parameters in accordance with mathematics theory, it is necessary to establish their objective functions through processing the dimensionless technique and weight aggregation so as to set up a mathematical model for evaluating the utility of prepared route, and model merges collected information according to the expectation utility attributes as well as to make the multi-attribute decision-making problems into the single one. In order to find a scientific post-earthquake transportation route and define a scheduling decision-making method in an emergency rescue transporting center and enhance the response effect of the emergency rescue, it is necessary to choose and establish the highest expectation utility plan. Developed a decision information system which has the ability of transportation system management, optimum path analysis and searching using the network-analysis model of ArcGIS Engine. On the needs of earthquake disaster relief the system can analyze and simulate the optimum path for the command and rescue, relief material transport, fire fighting dispatching, ambulance dispatching and shelter path indication.

A new model to resolve the problems in resources leveling under fixed time is presented. The model based on the latest finished time-scaled network diagram presents the highest priority with the change value of minimum variance between resource demand before and after moving when a node have many non-key-work-process. An example demonstrates the model can reduce the quantity of optimization work.

Through trial designs of cable-stayed bridges with main-span length of 1400m, steel weight and construction cost of the bridges made of different steels named as Q345, Q420, HPS70W and HPS100W of which their yield points are 345, 420, 485 and 690 MPa, respectively, were investigated. The results indicate that the steel weight and construction cost can be reduced obviously with the increase of steel strength, although the design stresses of some plates of the box girder are not governed by material strength due to the influence of the stability of stiffened plates and the limitation of minimum plate thickness.

The effect of permafrost preservation of different height subgrade in permafrost regions is studied in the paper. After highway and railway are constructed in permafrost regions, heat exchanging system is changed, permafrost table is dropped. It is an important factor to subgrade stability. Over 560 km route of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway is constructed in permafrost regions. How to guarantee subgrade stability is a major issue. Two embankment heights (1.0 m and 1.5 m) in the Qingshuihe test site are chosen to monitor the characters of ground temperature and the temperature upper and below the board, and deformation of embankment surface. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) boards are laid 0.5 m above the ground floor. The result shows that the natural upper limit of perennially frozen soil is 2.42 m under the ground; upper limit raise to 1.31 m in 1.0 m height subgrade and 1.05 m in 1.5 m height subgrade after laid the boards; Materials have a good themal-insulation property; Variation of temperature is large between upper and lower the EPS board. Board in lower embankment heat insulation performance is way beyond in higher embankment. General trend is thaw collapse. total deformation and differential deformation in the higher embankment is larger than the lower. Lower embankment excelled the higher embankment. the discipline of attenuation should be study.

Dual hydraulic technology (includes hydraulic loading box and hydraulic grouting) is one of the most popular engineering measures that has been found widespread application foreground in the field of foundation pile engineering. In this paper, according to practical situations of drilling pile testing, working mechanism, construction technology and application of movable load-transferring pile with embedded hydraulic box installed near the bottom of large-scale foundation pile were introduced. Through cyclic applications of dual hydraulic technology for pile segments near the hydraulic box, both compaction of pile-end sediment and grouting around the pile can be achieved. With this method, bearing capacity of foundation pile can be enhanced effectively, and pile-soil cementation can be improved, moreover, verification data for vertical bearing capacity of single pile can be achieved.

The lateral aerodynamic performance of high-speed train is studied by computational fluid dynamic technology according to a number of geometric parameters. First, three train models with different length of train nose are taken into consideration while keeping the nose shape the same. The results show longer and tapering nose shape can improve the lateral aerodynamic forces effectively. Second, after comparison between train models with different bottom design, it is found that the train with round underbelly shape has less lateral aerodynamic forces. Finally, aerodynamic characteristics are compared between train models with and without flush covers. The results show the larger lateral loads are manifested when the skirt plates are removed.

For many evaluation indexes and without the index's weight of railway passenger satisfaction, the original evaluation indexes are treated by using the reduction of rough set theory. The attribute significance of rough set is applied to allocate weight coefficient for the reduced factor indexes with more objective way, which overcomes the subjective factor of the traditional method of determining the weight. Finally, fuzzy comprehensive assessment method is used to get the last result and the accuracy of the assessment results is improved. So the result can enhance and improve the quality and level of railway transportation service, and it also can be the reference of improving the competitiveness of railway transportation.

As a new research method, Rough Set has been applied with tremendous success in Rough Control, Machine Learning, Data Mining, Analysis and Decision-making Support recently. Through analyzing the characteristics, methods, and research results of train operation adjustment, this paper discovers that Rough Set has enormous potentials in the research of train operation adjustment. Furthermore, it highlights the key issues to be resolved by analyzing existing research shortcomings from using Rough Set, which is helpful to build up the foundation for applying Rough Set in the field.

The paper studies land usage strategy in high-speed train stations based on the traffic flow characteristics analysis in surrounding area. A land usage based traffic organization strategy and its traffic impact is analyzed in the paper. The analysis is further proved by Zhenzhou high-speed train station case study.

The closed supply chain of green agricultural products is a network structure constituted with up and down enterprises which provide green agricultural products and services for the consumers in the production and circulation process of green agricultural products, and is a supply chain system practicing strictly admit rule to enterprise's member of supply chain, having operation norms and technique standards, supervising at once and dynamically controlling and having trace and retrospection functions to trace timely in order to control validly and manage wholly, to realize development and to attain safety, fast and income with the standard of green logistics and circulation logistics. Its basic frame is made of five layers: core layer, pillar layer, foundation layer, connection layer and application layer. Among the five layers, the core layer is a core which bodies its basic concepts; the pillar layer is made of four pay pillar. That is basic assumption, basic principle, basic technique and basic method; the foundation layer is its theories foundation. The connection layer involves technique and condition; The Application layer combines closely in actual supply, production, circulation and consumption and applies in these links.

The bi-level programming of regional logistics system with elastic demand was studied. Game relations among the government, the owners of the logistics centers, and the clients were discussed by the system analysis method. The problem for clients to select the logistics centers and exchanging amount is equal to that of determining the membership values to the given logistics centers or the clustering centers by using fuzzy c-means clustering. The Stackelberg model was established. The upper level model is the problem for the owner to seek its maximum benefits. The lower level model is the partition problem of clients' assignment. Genetic algorithm was adopted in the concrete course for solution. The simulation result shows its correctness and feasibility.

Under the condition of information, traditional driver's route choice model will be revised and updated, in this paper, we established a model framework of driver's real-time dynamic route choice behaviors based on agent, and studied the realization process of the model in detail. Firstly, we established a "driver-vehicle" agent unit, and analyzed the strategic level of its driver behavior module, which included a route searching process and a route choosing process. Then, we analyzed driver's real-time dynamic route choose process, established a model framework of driver's real-time dynamic route choice behaviors. At last, we studied the realization process of the model, which included prediction and updation method of route travel time before trips and on trips, route transformation judgment and decision-making, and the re-selection process of a new route. In this paper, we divided drivers into different types, so the work of this paper could illustrate different drivers' route choice behaviors, and analyze the effect of traffic information on drivers' route choice behaviors.

Currently, freeway traffic demand during rush hours is very high and freeway traffic demand during non rush hours is very low. Thus, the capacity during rush hours is significantly reduced and many traffic crashes happen, mainly due to the high traffic volume of truck and their much slower speed. Variable pricing is a potential travel demand management strategy that can shift peak period travel to off peak periods thereby contributing to peak period congestion relief. In the paper, field questionnaire surveys were performed to obtain truck traveler's behavior data regarding their departure choices if different variable pricing schemes would be implemented. Based on the survey data, discrete choice models of truck traveler response to the variable toll rates are estimated.

Based on the situation of the present heavy debt burden of toll highway in China, the factors of debt risk formation were analyzed and the warning indexes including debt ratio, debt service ratio, debt income ratio, debt repayment ratio, personnel cost ratio and income interests multiple were established in this paper. The weight of each warning index was determined by using four-grade scores method. According to the established indexes and weights, the warning model for debt risk based on efficacy coefficient method was set up and the means of classing the risk grades were studied. Through the warning model, risk grades can be determined by calculating risk exponent, and different countermeasures can be taken according to different risk grades. At last, the accuracy of the model were verified with a case study. Results showed that the model turned out to be reliable. So investment and debt repayment funds can be arranged reasonably on different warning degrees by departments of transportation. Thus, process of policy decision is improved to be more scientific and the debt risk of toll highway is reduced.

Critical gap is generally regarded as a constant in existing expressway merging models, but in reality it is a dynamic variable in real vehicle merging. The reason is that there are significant differences and uncertainties among drivers. Based on the cellular automata model, this paper introduces three types of drivers which include aggressive, cautious and general types, and assumes they act heterogeneously with critical gaps. In addition, critical gap function is modified and applied to model the sequence of decision-making procedures considering the impatience of drivers in the process of waiting for an acceptable gap. According to the established model, the vehicle merging at merge areas can be simulated more accurately. And finally, the velocity-density relationship of the mainline traffic is considered in the condition of forced entry of vehicles from the on-ramp into the mainline. Simulation results show the method based on dynamical critical gap is reasonable and reliable.

In order to resolve the question of highway overlimit the gate-ban supervisory system of overlimit vehicle has been researched. This system used the combined method of integration and research. It integrates the dynamic wheighing system and license plate recognition system separately, and researches a set of truck overlimit supervisory system which uses two LMS221 outside laser distance measure sensors of German SICK Corporation, and the two sensors are pegged on the gate steel frame. In order to get the precise data of vehicle outline, the two laser sensors are demarcated in locale, and get the ground outline curve when no vehicle passes. When the vehicle passes through the gate steel frame, the most width and height of vehicle loading are calculated according to the actual measured distance. This realized the non-contact distance measure through the laser scan, then draw two-dimensional image according to the distance. This system uses Microsoft Visual C++6.0 programmed language and the hardware uses yanhua computer, which complete the software program design through programming hardware interface subsystem, data processing subsystem and Human-Machine interface subsystem. The system completed the function that dynamic measurevehicle weight which pass the gate-ban and monitor the loading geometry parameters and distinguish real time and storage truck license plate, and judge the vehicle overlimit whether or not, then show the vehicle outline curve and other information to the manipulator real time, which provides the reference to judge the vehicle overlimit. The system has been applied on Wapenyao entry of TongSan highway three years, the results indicate the system have got excellent overlimit management effects, the overlimit vehicles pass in the entry present decreasing trend year by year.

The highway system is simplified as a combination of three branch systems. Four necessary factors are presented as the basic condition of blackspot formation: the influencing factors must exist, the influencing factors are infective, the infectiveness of influencing factors should be a certain degree, and the influencing factors must have certain aggregation degree. The two-factor model is set up by taking the driver-vehicle community as protoplast and the highway or environment as infection source. A multi-factors model is set up by extending the above model.

At present, traffic congestion is one of the prevalent problems in big cities. As a measure of transportation demand management, the core of urban traffic congestion pricing is to determine the price. Based on the analysis of traffic travel process mechanism, this paper put congestion pricing to be one of the factors affecting the decision-making system and established a decision tree model which considered of both the transformation of traffic travel mode and traffic distribution. At the meantime, the congestion pricing from Zongfu road to Shuinianhe in Chengdu is analyzed and calculated, which expounds the scientificness and effectiveness.

For night safety driving adaptive front-lighting double axles control system is designed through the inclinometer which detects the vehicle pitch inclination and steering angle sensor which reflects the vehicle roll angle. The adaptive front-lighting double axles control system is detected on the 2 degrees of freedom waving test. The results show that the control system keeps an excellent tracing ability in angle servo and motivation characteristics. This AFS servo control system can provide excellent illumination conditions for night safety driving.

Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system's development has a far-reaching impact on configuring urban economic resources as well as optimizing land-use layout. Yet in traditional decision making process, mass impact factors might cause subjective-influence. In this paper, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is proposed and three MRT decision modes (Subway, LRT, BRT) are designed. Integrative index are weighed and obtained from Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to avoid too much index annoying decision making. Relatively important coefficients are introduced to remedy the traditional DEA's deficiency that it totally depends on input and output index data and cannot reflect the importance of real index. Through the practical use in a city of Jiangsu Province, the Synthetic Evaluation Method of DEA/AHP is suitable and operable in dealing with MRT system's decision making process.

The generation of traffic accident has stochastic properties, but accident-prone locations can be identified by its regularities. Quality control method is a more extensive application method, but because of its neglect of the severity of the incident for the black spots impact, so the application range is suffered limitation. Based on the analysis of the grade of traffic accident, using equivalent traffic quantity instead of traffic quantity, and then analyzing its statistic distribution characteristic, the quality control method was modified. For the modified quality control method will have much more broad application range and differential effects.

As a king of ultra-high performance concrete, RPC (Reactive powder concrete) possesses excellent performances such as ultra-high compressive strength, ultra-high rupture strength, high ductility and high durability. If barriers used in highway engineering were made of RPC to replace normal reinforced concrete barriers, service life and durability would be increased. In this paper, on the basis of Min-hua II reinforced concrete barriers used in highway median strip, RPC barriers were designed. The designed results show that: 1) the section size of RPC barriers is largely decreased, and the gravity is about one-third times as great as that of reinforced concrete barriers so that they are easy to pre-cast, transport and assemble. Accordingly, the constructing cost would be largely reduced; 2) the cost of RPC barriers per metre is about 330 Yuan and is a little greater than that of reinforced concrete barriers per metre (about 250 Yuan). However, the excellent durability of RPC would reduce the maintenance cost of RPC barriers, and the excellent wear resistance of RPC would increase the ability of scrape resistance of RPC barriers. Therefore, RPC barriers possess good durability and economical efficiency, and are worth popularizing in highway engineering.

Cognitive abilities are believed to be highly correlated with driving safety (Anderson et al., 2005). Developing cognitive tasks to predict individual traffic accident proneness could benefit both driver screening and traffic accident prevention. In this study we designed four tasks to measure vehicle drivers' cognitive abilities consisting of attention span, attention distribution, spatial working memory span, multiple object tracking and speed estimation. Significant correlation was found between these cognitive indexes and the drivers' crash frequency in a simulated driving task. Then the drivers were divided into high accident-prone group and low accident-prone group based on their crash frequency. Discriminant analysis using cognitive indexes as discriminant variables revealed an up to 94.4% highly accurate classification pattern, which approved the validity of our cognitive tool as a useful predictor of individual driver's accident proneness.

Nowadays the optimization of the intermodal transportation network is an interesting topic on which attracts many people to do research. Consideration the characteristic of the intermodal transportation network, this paper present a multi-objective optimization model under the principle of the minimization of the transportation cost and time. The model quantificationally describes the combined optimization strategy for every transportation modes in the intermodal transportation network. And then the author proposes the solution methods for the multi-objective optimization model based on the Matlab Toolbox. At last, this method is used to settle a simple example which is composed of several cities and four transportation modes. The results indicate that this methodology is effective to find the combined optimization strategy for transporting. And the research enables to help the transportation enterprise (and other organization) select the transportation modes, combined strategy and route.

The permanent deformation of asphalt Pavement is the accumulated plastic deformation under the effect of environment and load. The rutting is the macroscopic manifestation of the permanent deformation of asphalt pavement. With the use of MTS810 electo-servo controlled testing system and GC (Gyratory Compactor), a five-stage uniaxial compression creep test is applied to study on the performance of the deformation of asphalt mixture. The energy method is applied to analyze the mechanism of the permanent deformation. And the relationship of the dissipation energy and the permanent deformation is obtained. The impact of the loading time on the relationship of the stress and strain is discussed, at room temperature.

How to measure the complexity of transportation system is a hotspot in the transportation study. The Lempel-Ziv algorithm of information theory was introduced to investigate the measure problem of transportation system complexity. Aiming at the misapplication of this algorithm, the universal algorithm of trial and error was proposed. Twenty time series, representing Chinese and Japanese different subsystems, whose complexities and prediction errors were calculated by Lempel-Ziv measuring and ARIMA modeling, respectively. The conclusions are as follows: the complexity of macroscopical transportation system is low and the macroscopical transportation system is predictable; predictability is negatively correlated with complexity.

Port is an important component of the transportation system, faulty port planning will lead to giant resource waste and irretrievable economic loss. Before port's construction, it should definite the port market scale which is the foundation for a port in its development and survival from drastic competition. The analysis of port market scale is essential prerequisite and special requirement to a port planning. It is directly related to the success of a port plan on how to make quantitative analysis on port market with scientific theory, model and method and how to determine the reasonable scale of port market in the process of port planning and construction. This paper is an attempt study of these issues, in order to improve the scientific and rationality of the present port maket segmentation. The definition of port market is described and main influencing factors of port market segmentation include market factor, port factor and the connection fact are listed at first in this paper. We make comparison among the common methods of present port market segmentation such as administrative division method, pivot and ligament method, membership degree method, location quotient method, Wilson Model and so on. On this basis, Wilson Model is mainly applied. Then empirically we make analysis on market segmentation methods according to actual situation of the adjacent Tianjin port and Qingdao port. Based on the analysis and study, the Wilson Model can reflect more approximate to the practical market segmentation, which makes the planning of port development more objective and more scientific.

Marine Search and Rescue (SAR) is important social responsibility and it is very urgent to improve marine SAR ability by peacetime training. Marine SAR simulator (MSARS) is a very effective, flexible and low-cost training method, nevertheless the effect of MSARS training strongly depends on constructing highly realistic and reliably marine SAR Virtual Environment (VE). In this paper, distress vessel and multiple rescue vessels are simulated respectively in several simulation ship bridges with full immersive multi-projector tiled display. Each unit simulates spatial sound via multi speakers to provide the real-time acoustic synthesis of SAR situation. Furthermore, many real or imitated operation devices in simulation ship bridge provide physical realism for VE. In the MSARS with VE which includes visual, auditory and haptical senses, trainees not only master marine SAR professional skills and procedures, but also deeply understand that marine SAR is urgent.

The post-construction settlement of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is strictly limited. And the current settlement calculation methods of soft soil are not satisfactory for design. Combined with the project of Fengyang trial section of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, the field tests on composite foundation composed by CFG pile-cap-net with preloading were carried out. The settlements of subgrade and the lateral displacements of soil were measured. We analyzed the variation law for pile and soil settlement of the subgrade with the changes of both the filling height of embankment and the consolidation time, and the lateral soil displacement with the changes of the filling height of embankment. The hyperbolic method for prediction settlement of subgrade was discussed. The results show that using CFG pile-cap-net is a reasonable treatment technique for soft soil foundation and can control post-construction settlement of subgrade effectively. The research achievement can provide reference for the treatment technology of soft soil in high-speed railway, and have been applied to the project of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.

The load capacity of maximum load schnable car in our country is 380t. The fixed bearing device of corollary use for this type schnable car is specific coupling hook of generator stator. It has been used for several times and the running distance exceeds 0.02 million kilometers. Because of the condition limits such as welding technology, welding condition, welding experience and heat treatment level, etc. at that time in our country, the defects such as crack etc. that due to the manufacturing process are exposed in use. In the flaw inspections prior to multiple transportations, new cracking defects are found and the harm can not be ignored. According to the features of railway schnable car and coupling hook, stress analysis of static load and dynamic load for the schnable arms and coupling hooks of schnable car are simulated. Operational loading conditions of the coupling hook are determined and the load cases are calculated. By using the finite element software package ANSYS, the whole structure of coupling hook is built. The structure is discrete by solid element. Under the condition of different load cases, the structural stress of coupling hook is calculated. This article analyses and defines the critical dangerous parts of coupling hook in order to strengthen the flaw inspections and the safety monitoring during transportation of critical dangerous parts, as well as research the anti-fatigue performances of coupling hook.

In order to analyze vibration of high-speed railway slab track on soil subgrade with geometric irregularities, receptances of the slab track at the wheel—rail contact points are derived, an analytical model for the moving vehicle-track vertical coupling vibration is established by considering the moving axle loads and track irregularities. In the model, the moving vehicle is modeled as a multiple rigid body system connected with spring and damper, the slab track structure is simulated by the continuous elastic three layers beam, and the wheel-rail contact is linear Hertzian contact. Vibration of the slab track on soil subgrade caused by a CRH2 high-speed train is analyzed in the numerical example. Dynamic wheel-rail forces due to the vertical track irregularities and maximal vibration acceleration of each component of the slab track structure are produced. Influences of train speed, track irregularities, and stiffness of subgrade on vibration of the slab track are investigated. The computations show that vibration responses of the slab track structure enlarge with the increases of train speed and track irregularities; stiffness of the subgrade has a great effect on vibration of the slabs and concrete base, and has little influence on vibration of the rails.

Based on the theory of energy random analysis for train derailment, the safety of running trains on five bridges of which lateral vibration amplitudes surpass limit values given by existing code is analyzed. The calculated results manifest that the existing limits value of bridge lateral vibration amplitude for traffic safety are too conservative. A new method for establishing the limit value of bridge lateral vibration amplitude for traffic safety is proposed on the basis of the analysis theory for train derailment. The detailed steps of the method included presentation of condition for derailment prevention determination of the critical system of beam and pier for derailment prevention, and calculations of limit value of bridge lateral vibration amplitude of the system of beam and pier for traffic safety. With the method, the limit values of lateral vibration amplitude for traffic safety of 32 m and 24 m long T-shape prestressed concrete bridge are determined as L/3980 and L/4411 respectively. Finally, L/4500 is determined as the recommended limit value of lateral amplitude of T-shape prestressed concrete bridge for traffic safety.

As the most important part of logistics process, logistics information plays the extremely vital role to connect and integrate the logistics system. Based on the complex networks theory the topological characteristic of logistics information complex networks is analyzed. Based on the basic hypotheses of that the nodes of the logistics information networks are heterogeneous and have limit rationality, using theory of complex networks, the paper gives a scale-free networks model of logistics information networks growth. The conclusion: according the different fitness distribution, the logistics information network topology characterized by the different power law connectivity distribution.

This paper puts forward the initial dimensions and items' formation the indexe system for logistics service quality based on the perceived value of customers that logistics suppliers provide service quality, interview information from logistics enterprise and expert opinion. Then the index system is simplified according to correlation value and four quadrants. The evaluation model and the quality house basde on relationship between these factors. Finally, the pertinence measure is put forward in order to improve logistics service quality and the whole benefit of the logistics suppliers.

Excessive speed on roadway is one of main reasons which often results in accidents, high fuel consumption, and excessive vehicular emissions. ISA is an active research field in speed limitation. Recent studies have indicated that Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) provides a flexible solution to mitigate congestion, smooth traffic flow, reduce accident and improve driving safety. In addition to above improvements ISA may also lead to lower fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. This paper examines the fuel consumption and emissions impacts of ISA in detail using simulation tools and analyses difference fuel consumption and emissions between ISA vehicles and non ISA vehicles. According to the simulation result, times of acceleration and deceleration decreased as percentage of ISA vehicles increased. Since fuel consumption and emissions is related to acceleration and deceleration and speed, so fuel consumption may decrease about 8% if all vehicles adopt ISA, and emissions decrease in degree also. As a conclusion, ISA is a hopeful reductions technology for both fuel consumption and emissions without drastically affecting travel time.

The traffic flow would probably change a lot in case the congestion pricing was collected, which would also have great impact on the network reliability. A bi-level model is established in this paper. The objective function of the upper model is to maximize the network reliability, which is based on the net economic benefit of the whole network. And the link travel time reliability constraint is also added into the upper model to ensure the network service level. The lower model is the user equilibrium (UE) model with elastic demand including the congestion pricing. An algorithm based on the sensitivity analysis is used to solve it.

The urban transit becomes serious because of the city getting larger and larger. The loop line is a special kind of line in urban rail transit. Because of its special features. It must be calculated the rational length of the center loop line of urban rail transit. The function of distribute the passenger flow of the loop line is used to calculate the rational minimum length. Distributing area is used to calculate the rational maxima length in the paper. With the successive steps of derivation, the rational minimum length and the rational minimum maxima length are worked out. It has make great effect on the practical planning.

That traffic impact assessment (TIA) is a complex multi-level system analysis course. Any single, isolated and static evaluation is not enough for achieving scientific and rational evaluation conclusion. Based on the complex dynamic characteristics of traffic impact and hierarchical control idea, this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of project, the location of project and its land-use developed intensity, its surrounding road network condition and relevant facilities service level, traffic service, especially public traffic service level, the hierarchical relationship, the coordination characteristic and the mutual promotion development between different traffic impact factors, brings forward hierarchical analysis method and design scheme for TIA.

With the development of the national economy and the automotive industry, urban road traffic has been developing rapidly. At the same time, traffic noise is more serious and has become one of the major noise sources in urban area. Areas along the roads are affected seriously by noise, for example: residential area, schools, hospitals etc.. So the measures should be taken to control urban road traffic noise imminently and quiet environment should be created by raising consciousness about environmental protection of the whole nation gradually. At present one of the main measures is construction of sound barriers. In the paper the inverted L sound barrier model was tested in the hemi-anechoic chamber using the noise and vibration analysis system. Noise reduction effects become gradually less by the less distance between the barrier and the measurement point or by the more height of the measurement point to the ground surface. Noise reduction effect is more in inclination 30°, and noise reduction effect is less in inclination 90°. The conclusions are really worthwhile in sound barrier design.

With the increase of the automobile amount, the atmosphere pollution for the automobile emission becomes very serious day by day. In the paper, we have studied vehicle emissions of decontamination by using nanometer titanium dioxide of photocatalysis method in traffic environment. Based on concrete and asphalt road material different characteristic, we used the different matching scheme of TiO₂ respectively, and utilized permeability technology and coated film technology to make environmental protection materials of concrete and asphalt nano-TiO₂. In order to test degeneration efficiency of the materials, we have carried on the indoor simulation test by a kind of testing system that was designed by us. The test result indicated: Their effective degeneration efficiency may achieve 30% and the photocatalytic activity may achieve 0.01 cms^–1. On the basis of this research, the productions were used in road environment. The decontamination effect was tested by contrast test in TIO₂ spraying section with non-spraying section. The experiment showed that decontamination rate of the productions was from 6% to 12%.

In this paper, a method called Ticket Survey Method from which the bus station OD can easily and exactly be got was proposed, then combined with the characteristic of the Ticket Survey Method, the bus station OD can be obtained with Visual Basic program language, lastly by use of the attachment relationship between plots and bus stations, assignment weight coefficient was introduced and the relationship of assignment weight was established, then the transit OD matrix can be estimated from bus station OD. There is no necessary for massive iterative computation. In this way, the new model may be applied to large-scale transportation network problems.

Urban Comprehensive Passenger Transportation Hubs (UCPTH) are generally large or medium hubs, mostly involving urban external passengers transport through various modes (airway, railway, highway, waterway, etc.) in collecting, dispersing and transferring passengers. The hub urban external passengers demand (its transporting quantities) comprises the main part of its collecting and dispersing demand. So far, the demand forecasting of the UCPTH urban external passengers has generally been conducted based on the forecasting result of the transporting quantities of a certain urban transport mode in a planned year coupled with the panned capacity of this mode in all hubs. The problem is the factors concerned, especially the quantitative elements, are insufficient, resulting in the forecasting hardly being scientific and reliable enough. So, based on the proposal of a distribution rectangle of the external passengers transport, through the analyses of the behaviors in hubs and lighter transport modes selecting and behaviors in the process of internal-external transporting and transferring, a hub selection logit model is established based on the lighter modes. Moreover, the demand forecasting methods for the single and complex hubs urban external passengers are put forward and the calculating examples are provided.

The self-piercing riveting with flat-bottom die series and with boss-concave die series are introduced in this paper. The self-piercing riveting process with flat-bottom die joining 2A12 aluminium sheet and 08F steel sheet is simulated numerically in DEFORM-2D software. Forming process of the riveting, distribution of stress and strain, and displacement-load curve are analyzed. The stress and strain mainly concentrate in the region where the rivet contacts with the sheets, and the maximum stress is located in the rivet shank. The section of riveting with flat bottom die shows that the simulation is consistent with the experiment.

According to short construction time, great difficulty and deterioration mechanism of cracked Highway Bridge in splash zone and tide zone, a kind of high performance sulphoaluminate cement (SAC)-based repair concrete was prepared and carried out durability test. Microanalysis such as XRD, SEM show that the hydration products of the SAC-based concrete was homogenous and dense, ettringite of directional crystallization decreased and microstructure of interfacial transition zone improved clearly by using admixture and Compound superplasticizer. Designed reasonable preparation technology and construction method of concrete, and assisted by brushing rusty retardant agent on derusted reinforcement and silicane protective coat on the structure, the repaired and strengthen highway bridge can meet the durability requirements in splash zone and tide zone.

Based on an actual project of a box girder and concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch combination bridge, two spatial FEM models with rigid foundation and pile foundation were built respectively. The pile-soil effect was studied and the mass-spring system was used to calculate the lateral soil resistance around pile. The variations of the structure's inherent vibration performance and seismic response between these two models were studied. The results reveal that the vibration modes are altered, the inherent vibration periods are extended, the corresponding displacements and internal forces under time history excitation vary as well. Therefore it is necessary to take into account the influence of pile-soil interaction.

A spatial finite element method (FEM) model was established to analysis the structural stability of an actual concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) basket handle arch bridge. Various factors affecting stability analysis were fully considered. Moreover, the influence of the rib inclination angle on stability was investigated in detail. Dual nonlinear stability analysis under lane loading in bridge completion state was carried out. The results show that the arch rib is mostly at risk of out-of-plane instability, and a moderate introversion is acceptable. On the other hand, the ultimate bearing capacity meets the demand, and the arrangement of load combination has great effect on ultimate bearing capacity.

Based on the characteristics of dangerous chemical goods transportation leakage accident, this paper adopts probability functions method to analyze accident consequences. According to the steam volume and its dangerous concentration value of dangerous chemical goods, to estimate toxic region. Quotes the conception of toxic load (TL), estimates the harmful degree of dangerous chemical goods on person and calculates the toxic classification region. Adopts the chromosome encode and deciphering method to select evacuation routes. The dangerous chemical goods transportation leakage accident emergency scheme and operation mechanism is preliminarily built in the end.

The model involving uncertainty of structures and loads is closer to real structure in structural analysis to vehicle frame structures. Considering bending, torsion, braking suddenly and steering quickly working conditions, the method which analyses the reliability of strength of bus body is proposed by fundamental theories of structural system reliability in this paper. Moreover, the branch-and-boundary algorithm is introduced to get significant failure modes. Bus body structure is considered as a series system which consists of significant failure modes and the PNET method is discussed to effectively calculate the system reliability. Finally, programs have been developed, and the reliability of structural system for a bus body has been figured out. The results indicate that the method is effective for reliability analysis of vehicles and it provides the foundation for reliability-based vehicle body structure lightened design.

Multi-ship collision avoidance is always a hot and difficult issue in marine field. Thereinto, the accurate expression for shipping behavior and intent is key problem, as well as negotiation for collision avoidance. In this paper, A model of decision system for multi-ship collision avoidance is proposed based on Multi Agent System (MAS) on the speciality of opening, distribution, multi-source heterogeneous data, multi-demands and complex function. Hierarchical structure is adapted in the model. The advantage of the model is that communication relation is optimized, resource is retrenched, and manages and control for agents is convenient. In view of problems that in collision avoidance situation, negotiation is based on the optimal of self-benefit, whereas incomplete information for other agents, this paper proposes a Negotiation Algorithm based on debate strategy among MAS, and analyses the complexity of the algorithms.

The paper present a novel path planning algorithm for real-time navigation of autonomous ship agents in complex environments. The algorithm is a hybrid one of global and local methods, in which concept of convex hull is adopted for building a reverse roadmap as global information and with the guidance of reverse roadmap path is planned reactively in real-time with the motion of ship agents. The hybrid path planning algorithm not only can plan path for a single ship agent, but also can be integrated into a ship group behaviors model for marine traffic simulation. The simulation experiments of several challenging scenarios show that the algorithm is able to plan collision free path for autonomous ship agents.

The statistic specimen used by this paper is collected by track geometry inspection car from Bögl slab track of Beijing-Tianjin intercity high speed railway. Based on the stationary test of the specimen, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is used to evaluate the spectrum of the whole specimen space. The power spectrum density (PSD) is obtained by MATLAB program. The specimen is equally divided by twelve parts, and the coefficients of track profile irregularity and track alignment irregularity are analyzed. The results show that the 1.1∼1.5 m periodic waves in rail gauge irregularity, track alignment irregularity and track profile irregularity are obvious. The 3.0 m periodic waves in rail gauge irregularity, track cross level irregularity, track alignment irregularity and track profile irregularity are very apparent. The 5.0 m periodic wave in track alignment irregularity and 6.0 m periodic wave in track profile irregularity are remarkable. There exist obviously 50 m periodic waves in track alignment irregularity. The left rail profile irregularity and right rail profile irregularity are controlled very well, but the left rail alignment irregularity and right rail alignment irregularity still need to be improved in some sections.

The field test was performed to determine the major noise resources, time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of noise along the representative sections. The test sections were a section of the main-line railway and a grade-crossing of urban area. The main-line section was the nearest to residential area and the crossing was nearer to sensitive area (schools and residential area). When the train is passing, railway noise is dominant in the two areas. The rail-wheel noise is the main noise resource in non-grade-crossing line, it is mainly in low and medium frequencies, and the A-weighted sound pressure level is above 85dB (A) without noise of locomotive whistle; the maximum value of the locomotive noise is up to 99.9 dB (A) due to acute vibration of the locomotive body. In the grade-crossing, noise is mainly from rail-wheel noise, noise of locomotive whistle and noise of warning bells, and the SPL is about 80 dB (A); The results suggest that measures should be taken to improve acoustical environment along the railway line from the following aspects: rail-wheel noise reduction, change of the communications between locomotives, and modification of warning bells characteristics or transformation from grade-crossings to interchange.

Pedestrian dynamics model may play an important role in planning and design of public facilities. Based on passenger behavior and movement on bus transit stop, a 2-dimensional cellular automata model for simulation of passenger dynamics was presented. The model introduced the static floor field and dynamic floor field to deal with passenger features of dynamical speed on the basis of pedestrian density and terminal cost change, and could carry out direction choice and movement decision in high density environment. Compared with the existing models, this model is more precise, making its simulation results more realistic.

Giving priority to transit vehicles at urban intersections could improve transit operation and schedule reliability and attract ridership, it may also be an effective way to alleviate traffic congestion. This paper reports a new method to compute the cycle length at signalized intersections based on the principle of people oriented transportation systems. This is a departure from the current signal timing mechanism based on the average delay per vehicle, which is naturally in favor of private vehicles. Taking the minimum delay per person as the objective and based on the linear programming planning, the author developed a model calculating the optimal cycle length. Furthermore, the model was calibrated and validated in a case study. The result shows that, comparing with traditional control program, the model not only reduced delay per person but also diminished the delay per car dramatically at the same time. It demonstrated that giving priority to bus not only improve bus services but also improve all traffic at urban intersections.

To ascertain the cognition pattern of novice driver, indoor tests were designed in this study. Subjects' reaction time during ongoing test was recorded. By using H6 Head Mounted Optics eye tracking system, subjects' eye movement data was recorded; at the same time, subjects' EEG was recorded by BioGraph Infiniti physical feedback system. With the field data, this paper analyzed the correlation between subjects' average reaction time and the strokes of Chinese character (N_s), average reaction time and the total number of information on the sign (N_t) both during placename searching and placenames reading assignments. This paper also analyzed subjects' visual pattern including average fix duration ∖ average fixation points∖ average pupil diameter. And EEG%', an evolved parameter of subjects' EEG was chose to analyze the correlation between EEG and the information quantity of signs. This paper suggests further consideration of novice drivers' cognition pattern with the analysis results especially when making the standard of legibility distance and legibility time of guide sign.

Making rural settlements of mountainous regions in western Sichuan as the study objects and using symbolic statistical methods, then combing Daofu County as the case study, the paper analyzed the negative impact of scattered rural settlements to road construction and other infrastructure in mountain regions of western Sichuan. The results showed that the road utilization was in state of longer road length per capita, but smaller road density and bad utilization and profit, and most rural settlements were in poverty with no road, infirmary, school and electricity net, and the scattered distribution of rural settlements was a major factor. It indicates that road construction patterns should be changed in mountainous regions of western Sichuan, the scattered rural settlements should be resettled in the range of whole county, the spatial distribution pattern of settlements should be reconstructed, and the scale of settlements and population should be enlarged in the service range of current road. On the eco-economic zoning of the Daofu county, the three road construction patterns were indicated based on rural settlements spatial reconstruction in mountainous regions of western Sichuan, patterns based on national road and central villages, patterns based on key townships, common townships and central village, and patterns based on key townships and central villages.

In order to improve the safety level of mountainous two-lane highway, this paper investigated the relationship between highway geometric features and rear-end crash incidence. By using negative binomial generalized models and separating the 139 kilometers highway segment into 94 successive vertical slope units, the statistical software Stata9.0 was used to evaluate the effects of 8 variables which were based on roadway geometric characteristics on the incidence of rear-end crashes occurred from 2003 to 2005 on mountainous two-lane highway in Gansu Province. Unrelated geometric variables were dropped one by one by using step regressing method. Finally, the variables found to influence the incidence of rear-end crashes significantly was accumulated vertical slope length. The regression analysis results suggest that there are strong positive relationship between the incidence of rear-end crashes and accumulated vertical slope length. So it is wise to avoid too long successive down slope when designers are engaged in fresh highway designs on considering safety effect.

This article analyzes the establishment method of mathematical model of vehicle body with the obstacle frontage collision, simulated the vehicle body distortion result when the vehicle frontage crash with the rigid wall by 48 km/h speed, takes the point on the front bumper with the left front carline junction, the point on the front the bumper middle, the point in the cab of the display board approaches to the steering column, the point in the cab of the driver's cab floor board approaches the crossbeam place, and the point in the cab of threshold approaches on the middle column to analysis; and studies the change with the time for its simulation crash the displacement, the acceleration. The results show that the in front of car there are obvious warpage. The body front produces fold, playing a role in the energy absorption. In the impact force there is a time delay from the front spread to the rear, and the value is also significant attenuation. The stress of the cockpit and the rear of the car are reduced, and there is no obvious deformation occurred. There is a role in the protection to the crew. The result conforms to the auto safety laws requirement.

This paper aims to present a method to design the timetable for public transport (PT) vehicle along a corridor when travelers differ in the time at which they prefer to start trip and the schedule delay cost they incur from traveling earlier or later than desired. The problem of minimizing the total schedule costs is modeled with the assumption that distribution of Destination Target time (DTT) is continuous and schedule delay cost parameters vary among different origins and destinations. The first-order optimality conditions are identified. An explicit solution is derived when DTT's are uniformly distributed in the population over part of the day.

Based on all kinds of rapid repairing materials in home and board, the styrene butadiene latex modified early hardening sulphonaminate cement was chosen. By orthotropic design, the optimal mix proportion was obtained. Through the double shear test of different roughness, different interface agents and different ages, the best interface agent and the treatment were obtained. The multi-factor simplified formula for interface strength was given by the numerical fitting. According to test road structures and material parameters, the interface bonding feasibility of new- old concrete was analyzed by the finite software ANSYS. More stress influence factors, such as repairing thickness, new repaired concrete modulus, force site and load ect, also were studied. The results show that it is feasible by using styrene butadiene latex modified early hardening sulphonaminate cement to repair faulted joint slabs.

In order to study the surface characteristics of exposed-aggregate cement concrete pavement, the measurement mechanism of surface texture depth was analyzed by using digital image technique. Based on the principle of least square and Table curve 3D software, two-dimensional digital image of road surface was reconstructed into three-dimensional space surface and a method of evaluating and measuring pavement surface texture depth was put forward. With this method, digital image samples were calculated and the results were compared with the results of conventional measurement method. The results indicate that exposed-aggregate cement concrete pavement has excellent road characteristics; there is a good correlation between the digital image technique and the traditional sand patch method and the relative error is less than 7 percent. Thus, the digital image technique is feasible in evaluating and measuring pavement surface texture depth.

A new technology of strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures using near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips was used and a total of 6 T-shaped RC beams were investigated by a new modified beam-shear test program in order to study the two key factors influencing bond behavior of NSM-CFRP strips to concrete, including: bond length and loading mode. The bond failure modes and bond mechanisms were discussed, leading to a number of suggestions for engineering use.

With the theory of updated lagrangian (U.L.) finite element formulation, the incremental equation of virtual work of a three-dimensional (3D) beam for a geometric non-linear analysis of the space structure is established. Material constitutive relation relationships, considering restriction effect, of both outer steel and core concrete, are proposed in the paper. Based on the nonlinear finite element method and fiber model, the whole load-deflection curves and ultimate bearing capacity of short and long concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members under eccentric compression are presented and discussed. The efficiency and applicability of the proposed method are proved by comparison results. The members with larger eccentric distances have lower ultimate bearing capacity, but have better ductility.

The problem of location selection of passenger station belongs to multi-attribute decision making problem. In order to obtain the mathematical model of multi-attribute decision making (MADM) under the condition of group decision making, triangular fuzzy number is introduced into MADM in this research. Entries in decision matrix and weights of all criterions are represented by triangular fuzzy number. A vertex method is proposed to calculate the distance between two triangular fuzzy numbers. According to the concept of the TOPSIS, a closeness coefficient is defined to determine the ranking order of all alternatives by calculating the distances to both the fuzzy positive-ideal solution (FPIS) and fuzzy negative-ideal solution (FNIS) simultaneously.

Information is a key element in this local logistic system, which goes through the whole process of logistics. The General Logistic System can only turn into a real modern one when the information is collected, processed, analyzed and integrated in an efficient and timely way. There is an urgent need to build a Common Logistic Information System, a sub--system of the logistic system in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi, to achieve the transfer and sharing of logistic information on the local logistic information platform. This study begins with the interrelation of the local logistics and local economy and analyzes the current situation and trend of logistics and logistic information system of Guangxi Province. Based upon the function location of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi, we present the building objective and building principle of the Common Logistic Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi. Further, we propose the Conceptual Model of Common Logistic Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi, including the Model of Space Layer Layout according to different functions; we describe the model of system structure of the Common Logistic Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi and the function model for this system's functions. This conceptual model will provide a necessary framework for the construction of the Common Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi.

Based on the co-integration model, with development level of logistics from 1990 to 2006 in central, eastern and western cities, and the yearly data that represent the index of region economy development, the thesis carries on quantitative analysis the contribution degree of logistics to GDP, related industries such as manufacturing industry etc. Empirical analysis results showed that development of logistics industry plays an important role in boosting regional economic. But the difference among the areas is also bigger, in addition barrier and so on system, local benefit, the logistics industry leader does not have fully to display. So this paper puts forward the suggestion of logistics industry innovation.

Considering multi-objective and vagueness of the goals, a multi-objective mixed integer programming model is applied to determine the number of carriers for transportation and the volume to allocate under the multiple-cargo, multiple-carrier environment. An asymmetric fuzzy-decision making technique is applied to enable the decision-maker to assign different weights to various criteria. In the end, the model is explained by an illustrative example.

This paper develops a principal-agent model for reverse logistics (RL) outsourcing, on which a variety of principal-agent models are based. The empirical evidence reveals that this model to some extent accounts for the characteristics, the results and the existing problems of foreign, domestic major reverse logistics outsourcing patterns, and specifies the ideal outsourcing development pattern as well.

This paper considers a two-stage fixed charge distribution problem associated with multiple transportation modes selection of a supply chain, two kinds of transportation cost and one kind of transshipment cost are involved in: a continuous cost that linearly increases with the amount transported between a source and a destination, and secondly, a fixed charge, that incurs whenever there exists a transportation of a non-zero quantity between a source and a destination, Thirdly, a transshipment cost, incurs whenever there exists a transshipment in the distribution centers (DCs). An optimal model for this problem is presented, the original problem is converted to a specific fixed charge distribution problem with time and capability limitation by constructing a virtual transportation networks. A genetic algorithm for solving this problem is designed and applied; a numerical example reveals that the GA can obtain good solution of the problem effective.

Influences of drivers' fatigue on driving secondary task, physiological indices, and subjective mental workload (MWL) were investigated between two different driving times during one day in real-road condition. Ten taxi drivers were required to do verbal arithmetic calculations during driving in the morning and in the afternoon, respectively. Performance of secondary task, physiological indices, subjective MWL and subjective feeling of fatigue were compared. Difference of calculation deviances was significantly found, with more errors in the morning than in the afternoon. Physiological indices also showed different results. The other two subjective measurements were also compared. The results showed practice effect during driving. The study may have implications for technological countermeasures against driving figure.

It's necessary to choose the optimal path in traffic network, and many foreign researchers have done lots of research and improvement. A new method of choosing optimal routing in the network based on ant colony algorithm is presented in this paper. In the process of choosing the best path, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) will be used to describe and establish a mathematic model so that the ACO's characteristics, like parallelism, positive feedback and collaboration, can be taken advantage to improve the collaboration between different units and find the better solution in shorter time. The improvement in pheromone increment of the basic ACO algorithm in this paper can better solve the optimal path of the transportation system and decrease the complexity of routing choice. Hence, this algorithm creates a new way for solving the problem of optimal routing in the transportation and illustrates the prospects of ACO in traffic assignment.