ICTE 2013

Concrete permeable brick is a kind of new road pavement material with high permeability and high strength; the mix design is different from ordinary concrete. According to the basic properties of aggregate and workability of fresh permeable brick mixture, a suitable mix design method based on target porosity is introduced. The design method is that the aggregate amount per unit volume of permeable brick is determined according to the aggregate close-packing density first; the theory water consumption is calculated based on the specific absorption of aggregate and hydration of cement second; the amount of cementitious materials is calculated by the apparent density of material, void ratio of aggregate, and target porosity of permeable brick third; and the actual water consumption is determined according to the molding process and workability of mixture finally. The test result indicates that the mix design method of permeable brick is feasible.

Strongly restrained by the retaining structures, the stress status of lining structure is complicated and cracks and seepage occur frequently. The FEM method is used to simulate the process and general trend of concrete hydration heat of lining wall. Further considering the concrete strength development, the early stage thermal stress of lining wall is analyzed as well as the influencing factors, including the maintenance conditions and lining wall thickness. Compressive stress generates and increases gradually with the temperature rising, then develops into a tensile stress as the temperature drops gradually. The maintenance conditions and lining wall thickness have a significant impact on thermal stress, which increases when the thickness increases and the maintenance conditions are bad. Good maintenance conditions can delay the generation of tensile stress, which is conducive to the stress creep and concrete strength increasing and can reduce the risk of thermal cracking at an early age.

This paper proposes the design and Paramics-based evaluation of a two-stage fuzzy logic traffic signal controller (TSTFC) for an isolated intersection. The fuzzy controller employs traffic intensity-based two stage fuzzy logic procedure, and the design principles of two-stage fuzzy controller are first presented. Then, the COM-based hybrid programming is employed to make the micro traffic simulator Paramics interact with fuzzy controllers developed by Matlab, and a Paramics-based simulation platform of TSTFC is developed via Paramics API. Finally, experiments are conducted on a typical urban isolated intersection, and the performance of the developed two-stage fuzzy control simulation model is validated by comparison to those of fixed-time, actuated, and classic fuzzy controllers for different traffic conditions. Extensive simulation results have demonstrated the potential of developed hybrid programming in time efficiency and simulating real traffic conditions and indicated that the signal strategy derived from TSTFC is more effective when traffic status at intersections is above low saturation.

Aiming at the problems of the local optimum of the genetic algorithm in solving traffic signal timing models, this paper presents an optimized traffic signal controller with a golden ratio-based genetic algorithm (TSCGRGA) for urban signalized intersections. This controller analyzes the correlation between the traditional performance indexes of traffic signal benefit, select time delays, stop rate, and throughput to establish relative evaluation indices of traffic signals; and a multiobject timing model of traffic signals is developed by weighted coefficient method. Then, an adaptive golden ratio-based genetic algorithm is presented to solve the optimized models, which uses real number encoding and introducesagolden ratio calculator to enhance the local optimal capability of genetic algorithm. Experiments are conducted on a typical urban isolated intersection and the performance of the developed model and algorithm is validated by comparison to those of fixed-time, actuated, and the real-coded genetic algorithm-based controllers for different traffic conditions. Extensive numerical calculation results have demonstrated the potential of the developed algorithm in the quality of solutions and time efficiency and indicated that the signal strategies derived from TSCGRGA have better performance.

According to the characteristics of ATS System, which is based on the CBTC (Communication Based Train Control) system, the features of data in the ATS System were analyzed, and automatic train adjustment, automatic train routing, automatic train departure, and receiving were modeled. Then the state diagram was used to resolve them and find the logic conflicting among the different business. And a data interlocking method was proposed. This method was used in SWJTU ATS to simulate the train running situations.

Due to the overlay of economic hinterland in West-Strait ports, including Fuzhou Port, Meizhou Bay Port, Xiamen Port, there appears vicious competition. The establishment of Xiamen Southeast International Shipping Center will end it. Fujian Province will focus on the construction of Xiamen port, make it into the axis center of cruising ferry, yacht, and container. First, the paper introduced current situation of logistics in the West-Strait economic zone and discussed the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges in establishing international shipping center by SWOT analysis method. Second, the paper divided the main elements of container transport competitiveness into geographical conditions and hinterland resources, software and hardware facilities, efficiency of port operation, cost-benefit based on enterprise competitiveness theory, built up container transport competitiveness evaluation model based on improved entropy TOPSIS, and then summarized the current situation in Fuzhou Port, Meizhou Bay Port, Xiamen Port by spot investigation, calculated the index ranking and summarized advantages and disadvantages of Xiamen port in developing container logistics. Finally, the paper investigated how the port logistics can drive the development of regional economy and promote the coordinated development of ports in west coast, provided reference for enhancing regional competitiveness.

With the Yangtze river estuary within 12.5 meters deep water channel to inward extend, make into the river's quantity, tonnage of vessel and vessel's draft also continues to increase, especially the super large vessels into the river, has a certain influence on navigation environment, brings new challenge to the pilot personnel, and creates higher requirements on piloting skills. Based on the AIS data statistics of Yangtze estuary is 12.5m deep-water channel of vessel traffic characteristic. Combination of Yangtze estuary is 12.5m deep water channel and characteristics of various performance, analysis of ultra large vessel through the Yangtze estuary is 12.5 m deep water channel into river navigable environment. For very large vessels sailing on the Yangtze estuary the 12.5 m deep water channel influences the navigational safety of vessel problem, from the viewpoint of fluid dynamics, the analysis influence the navigational safety of vessel increase absorption principle, put forward how to avoid the passing vessels phenomena of adverse influence on navigation safety. Combined with the split type pilot's actual experience, in the actual voyage by radar, AIS observation speed ratio and effective outlook discover the phenomenon of passing vessels and take appropriate measures to achieve safe navigation. In addition, aiming at this kind of vessel maneuvering characteristics puts forward operating precautions to ensure safe navigation.

Inter-city railway mainly attracts originating and arriving passengers, which are short-haul and high-density in adjacent cities. It is a strong competitor for road traffic between cities. This paper first analyzes the characteristics and future trends of inter-city travellers and then proves that inter-city electric multiple units (EMU) can achieve mass transit type from three aspects. Finally, it discusses the inter-city transport organization problem of Cheng-Mian-Le inter-city railway and makes relevant recommendations.

This paper reviews the existing research results of the allocation of empty containers. It gives a systematized description of the allocation of empty containers and makes an in-depth analysis of the subjective and objective reasons for the empty container allocation. Under the conditions of market economy, cost and service are the two mainly considered points of modern management. To reduce the cost of empty container allocation and improve the quality of service, this paper sets up an optimization model. This model is established based on the principle of minimum cost and maximum satisfaction.

With the rapid growth of the global economy, Chinese logistics has developed a lot. The competition within modern logistics has transferred into supply chain competition. And the development of Chinese logistics leads many enterprises to build their own logistic center to decrease the cost and increase the efficiency of the supply chain. Among many factors, the uncertainty of logistics supply and demand has become the most important factor, which results in the low efficiency of logistics activities and the high cost of logistics. In conclusion, how to deal with the problem of logistics supply and demand is very important for supply chain management and the building of the rapidly response to the customers' demand. The paper aims at discussing what causes the uncertainty of logistics supply and demand and analyzes the reasons of logistics supply and demand imbalance in supply chain environment. The paper will provide a solution to deal with the logistics supply and demand imbalance from two aspects, which are the sharing of information and multi-echelon inventory.

The bearing capacity of super-long pile foundations has not achieved the limit state during the force process, considering only the calculation method of the limit state of pile foundation bearing capacity can't meet the design need. This paper considers the combined influence of vertical and horizontal loads on pile foundation, studies the interaction relationship between pile and oil-bearing the pile load, explores the change law of pile body bearing load and resistance by using two method of experimental analysis and numerical simulation. Finally the author puts forward the calculation method of the pile under the combined action of the vertical and horizontal load combining with the computer programming.

This paper utilizes simulation technology to design the composites containerization tray. We have found the optimum position of suspension dot and the optimum dimension of trimming edge, so the bearing capacity of the containerization tray is improved when its weight is reduced significantly.

Retroreflective sheetings were used widely in road signs, through the reflection of vehicle head lamp, this material would reflect higher brightness when reverse the direction of incident, this characteristic can provide messages to driver more clear and further. For the different reflectance spectra, these materials show colors as white, yellow, blue, and so on. Recently Xenon lamps were used as vehicle headlights; the difference of light sources spectra lead to the change of the retroreflection coefficient, with identical light path geometry, incident flux, and tested sample. In this experiment, the emission spectra of Xenon lamp and Halogen lamp and reflective spectra of white, yellow, and blue sheetings were tested through spectrum superposition, the relative retroreflection coefficients were gained, white sheeting shown similar retroreflection coefficient for its whole visual reflective spectrum, other monochromatic sheetings shown different influence, the quantity of retroreflection coefficient with higher gain than Halogen lighting.

Operation of the Beijing-Tianjin express railway indicates that the "high-speed era" has come in China. By the end of last year, China's total mileages of high-speed railways opened to traffic are expected to top 8,400 km. and more 10,000 km high-speed railways are in progress. No country in the world has longer and faster express railway line than in the China. However, with the increase of the vehicle speed, the environmental vibration along the railways has been increasingly severe. Therefore, the project onvibration control is becoming a special concern in the civil and environmental engineering field. In this paper, the numerical method was used, and two numerical models were set up, which are composed of two parts: the vehicle-track-roadbed-ground coupling system and the ground-barrier-building coupling system. Dynamic load caused by high-speed railway were calculated in the first model and was loaded on the second model. The universal finite-element software ANSYS was used to analyze the reduction effect of vibration isolation by nonstandard continuous barriers, which include trapezoid, anti-trapezoid, triangle, anti-triangle, and so on, and compare the effect of the vibration isolation between standard barrier (as the rectangle) and nonstandard continuous barriers. It is shown that the effect of nonstandard barriers is better than traditional barrier, and the style of nonstandard continuous barriers can be used to improve the effect of vibration isolation, which is a meaningful study.

Railway locomotive frequency shift signal carrier frequency and modulation frequency bearing the important information, in order to detect locomotive signal for high precision, this paper analyzes the locomotive signal characteristics, puts forward a new demodulation method, realizes locomotive digital frequency shift signal detection, and the four different carrier frequency signal automatic identification and automatic detection. Using MATLAB simulation, the results show that the method is effective, and carrier frequency and modulation frequency detection error are low. So this scheme can improve the railway locomotive frequency shift signal detection accuracy with high integration and high reliability.

Traffic safety is considered as one of the important problems in the development of cities. Thus, a reliable estimation of traffic safety is crucial to be proposed. As predicting outcome indicators, two relative indicators, accident rate per 10000 cars and accident rate per 10000 capita, are introduced in this paper. Based on the theory of support vector machine (SVM), the improved SVM models are proposed. To improve the efficiency of learning, the least support vector machine (LSSVM) is introduced; to improve the model's robustness further, the weighted least support vector machine (WLSSVM) is introduced. As an example, using the traffic safety datacollected from 2006 to 2010, the models' effectiveness and feasibility were verified by comparing and analyzing.

The Jiashao Bridge is located in the strong tidal area of the Qiantang river estuary. A large-size steel cofferdam was constructed to form the pile caps of its main bridge. The cofferdam construction was affected by local scour due to the cofferdam-tide-sediment interaction. It is important to know exactly how deep the local scour would be during sinking of the cofferdam. To ensure the smooth construction of the cofferdam, a formula was employed to forecast the scour depth of the cofferdam, which was further applied to guide the construction. The scour depth was also measured during the construction process. According to the measured results, the local scour mechanism and the maximum local scour pit depth of the cofferdam were analyzed. These offer technical supports and references to related projects of large-size steel cofferdam construction in strong tide area.

This paper proposes a new approach for vehicular trajectory detecting. A radio-controlled model aircraft is used to shoot live traffic flow videos, which can be flexible enough to meet the requirements of various roads conditions. A specific piece of software is created to analyze traffic videos efficiently, which can extract the coordinate of each vehicle from the video and draw the trajectories of those vehicles automatically. The system only produces a relatively small bias, which is allowed in the practical field of traffic engineering. The proposed detection system can not only get the trajectory of vehicle conveniently, but also provides an easy way to collect the data on the velocity and the acceleration of vehicles and even set a foundation for driving behavior monitoring and analysis on the roads.

Based on the assumption that vehicle time headway obeys M3 distribution, using probability theory and queuing theory, this paper deduces the left-turn cars' delay model at conflict point when straight line is prior at a two-phase intersection.

Based on characteristics of railway freight, this paper selects an index system of rail freight center location comprehensively. Then based on rough set theory, this paper establishes a knowledge base of rail freight center location, discretizes data, and extracts key indicators by using equidistance method and attribute reduction method. This paper effectively analyzes the position of China's railway freight and calculates the importance of each key indicator. The result shows that when we select the rail freight center location, we can start directly from the index data itself. This can avoid the influence of subjective factors, improve reliability and validity of the prediction, and provide a reasonable theoretical basis for policies to determine railway cargo center.

Freight volume prediction is very important for transport industry policy making, and it is a basic work for regional transportation planning. To predict the freight volume more scientifically and rationally, this paper puts forward a freight volume prediction model based on residuals improved GM(1,1) model. To minimize the residuals from traditional GM (1,1) model in freight volume prediction, a new sequence is formulated by using the sum of predicting sequence and the value of residual sequence so as to obtain a residuals improved GM (1,1) model. To ensure the scientific characteristic of the model, the improved model is used in Shaanxi freight volume prediction. The result shows that the average error of residuals improved GM (1,1) model is 10.3%, which is significantly better than that 19.65% of traditional GM (1,1) model.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of human-machine systems and proposes the theoretical foundation of reliability of the human-machine system. From the human reliability and mechanical reliability of these two aspects, it analyzes the modeling for man-machine systems. Moreover, the paper puts forward the concepts of critical probability, interactive states and interactive probability. The man-machine system reliability calculation model is put forward in the end.

The concentration of transverse distribution of wheel tracks could cause earlier failure of asphalt pavement and do harm to its service life. According to the theory of visual light-flow rate and margin rate, this article represents the method of setting vision intervention markings at the single side of driveway markings to redistribute wheel tracks and enhance the service life of asphalt pavement. The fatigue-bending test of different position on the asphalt beam has been performed under the structure similarity theory after the variation of transverse distribution of intervened wheel tracks confirmed by continuous observation. The result shows that this method could enhance the service life of the asphalt pavement 4%∼8% when wheel tracks shift 30cm.

Based on the problem of concrete bridge deck failure in extreme blizzards, the influencing factors of critical strength of the concrete bridge deck in different water-cement ratio and the failure mode and failure mechanism of concrete in freeze-thaw are systematically analyzed. And the working mechanism resisting the freeze-thaw damage of polyacrylonitrile fiber-reinforced concrete materials is studied. Finally the polyacrylonitrile fiber concrete materials are applied to bridge deck structure, which can improve the service life. It provides reasonable suggestions to reinforcement and design of bridge deck.

Sheet pile with relieving platform is a new type of retaining structure that has been successfully used for reinforcing slopes in Shenzhen city, China. The stress and deformation of sheet pile with relieving platform are very complex owing to the existence of relieving platform. In this paper, the authors divide the sheet pile with relieving platform into a loaded segment and an anchored segment and developed a numerical model to calculate the inner force and deformation of the sheet pile with relieving platform. Finally, the authors use the FEM model and fielding monitoring data to investigate the effectiveness of the newly developed calculation model.

The overall dimensions of a vehicle are the key factors restraining highway geometric alignment design. The classification of design vehicles and their dimensions are clearly specified in "Technical Standard of Highway Engineering" to identify highway geometric alignment design. However, some of traveling vehicles will be oversize, such as long vehicles for large-component transportation; therefore, the curve-widening values in existing standards are hard to satisfy the needs of turning. In this paper, both models from the United States and China for curve-widening estimation are compared theoretically, and they are applied for a real project in southwestern China. Finally, the results illustrate that the widening values obtained from both models are comparable, and it demonstrates that the widening values can be provided as the supplement of existing standards for extreme traffic conditions.

Two simulations of mixed traffic flow with conventional passenger cars and micro-cars are compared: cellular automata (CA) model and VISSIM. Four hundred meters of urban highway and arterial road both with two lanes are assumed in each case, where an intersection delay is included at the middle of the arterial road. Two kinds of vehicles, conventional car and micro-car are defined. Parameters of the vehicles are set the same as much as possible in the two simulators. Density and traffic flow are output by the simulation. It is confirmed that introduction of micro-car will relieve traffic congestion to some extent by the results from both CA and VISSIM. The results also suggest that VISSIM provides more accurate results for highway, while CA seems more reasonable for arterial road with traffic signal.

With the goal of making the last trains form favorable connections in transfer hubs, coordination of the last train timetable of each metro line is significant for the network integrative operation in urban rail transit systems. This paper presents a method of compiling the last train timetables of all lines at the network level with the consideration of transfer coordination. The timetables created through this method can realize all the connection principles of different lines, which are set by subway operators based on the transfer demands of passengers. A pick-and-filter algorithm is put forward to assist the operators in choosing connection principles from abundant transfer relations. Beijing urban rail network is taken as an example to simulate the compilation of the last train timetables with computer program, of which the running results indicate the methods presented by this paper are feasible and efficient.

Rear-end accidents are the main form of traffic accidents. It is more likely to happen at signalized intersections, because the diversity of actions taken increases as a result of signal change. This paper researches rear-end accidents that happened in Michigan in 2009. The authors analyze the driver factors of rear-end accidents at signalized intersections based on multiple logistic regression model to find out the related factors including adult drivers, driver distracted, medication, failed to stop in assured clear distance. Finally some corresponding preventive measures are put forward.

Based on the JC method, the dynamic reliability analysis method of underground structure is presented. Considering the influence of soil-station structure interaction for 2D finite element analysis, the nonlinear dynamic interaction of soil-tunnel structure is modeled. In the modeling, a dynamic Davidenkov model is used to model dynamic characteristics of soils, and a plastic-damage model is used to model dynamic characteristics of station structure concrete. The stress characteristics of a tunnel structure under ground motion is analyzed. Furthermore, the dynamic reliability of a tunnel structure is analyzed deeply. The reliability and reliability index are obtained so that the reliability of the subway tunnel structure is evaluated. The result shows that the reliability of the upper right side of a tunnel structure at a 45° position is the lowest, and the reliability of the lower right side of tunnel structure at a 45° position is lower. It is consistent with the stress response of tunnel structure. When the near fault ground motions of Northridge wave and Chi-chi wave are input, the dynamic reliability of tunnel structure is minimum because of the pulse effect of the earthquake wave. Overall, under the 0.1g and 0.2g ground motion, the tunnel structure reliability is high, so it is safe and reliable.

This paper starts from the real situation that helicopter, as a new rescue tool, will be widely used in the field of China's emergency rescue and attempts to explore the principle of the layout and site of helicopters emergency rescue in the highway service area. Based on the best first aid time of expressway traffic accidents in medicine and the actual situation in China, this paper uses the cluster analysis to model the network layout of helicopter rescue on the highway. Empirical analysis proves that the method has a strong practical value and operability.

Traffic law enforcement officers incur significant risks in conducting their day-to-day job responsibilities. These risks stem from the general work environment, such as from weather conditions, traffic volume, and potential criminal activity. But another environmental risk factor, the microenvironment, merits consideration. This article analyzes and evaluates micro environmental factors for traffic law enforcement officers using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

Wagon-flow allocation problems and shunting locomotive utilization are the two important problems that need to be solved in station stage plan. Because the wagons ready to be taken out from freight yards (special lines) are one of the wagon flow's resources of the departure trains, considering the close connection among breaking up operation, marshalling operation, taking-out and placing-in operation, and shunting locomotive activity, takes the shunting locomotive as the core and the breaking up order arrangement of arrival trains, marshalling order arrangement of departure trains, the timing and content of taking-out and placing-in as well as wagon calculating as a whole, and the builds the corresponding bi-level programming model.

For a tunnel built under complex geological conditions with shallow-buried and high-weathered soft rock, the rock wall can quickly become unstable. In addition, special geological conditions can cause serious damage or deformation to construction areas, thereby threatening the safety of tunnel workers. The selection of proper shield tunneling methods for construction in unstable soil/silt/clay and rock conditions is necessary. However, machine use must be preceded by a comprehensive analysis to determine construction and technical parameters. This paper discusses both the problems associated with shield tunneling and the analyses needed to make safe decisions.

The study of SMA mixture construction temperature is very important, because the required construction temperature of SMA mixtures is higher than that of average mixtures, which is easily conducive to asphalt aging during construction. Asphalt aging is one of the important factors that will have a great impact on SMA low-temperature performance. Curvature strain indicators of asphalt mixture can be got by low-temperature curvature tests and can be used to evaluate asphalt mixture performance. Failure energy resulting in damages is a comprehensive reflection of asphalt mixture strength and strain. Therefore, it is more advisable to evaluate low-temperature SMA anti-crack performance by referring to its unit failure energy. This paper presents the research on the relationship between different mixing temperatures of asphalt mixtures and their curvature strain indicators and the relationship between mixing temperatures and unit failure energy. The research proves that the higher these indicators are, the better anti-crack performance asphalt mixtures will have at low temperatures. At last, this paper concludes required construction temperature of SMA 90#.

This study forecasts the demand of electric vehicle ownership and usage in the Chukyo region in Japan. A discrete-continuous model called the Bayesian Multivariate Tobit, Ordered and Binary Probit model is applied here. The 4th person trip survey data (2001) in this region are used as the sample. The household annual income is estimated using an ordered probit model. The result shows that average ownership and monthly mileage of electric vehicles are 0.324 and 259.36 km per household, respectively. Meanwhile, it shows that the average ownership and monthly mileage of electric vehicles in suburban areas are more than that in urban areas.

The asymmetric traffic assignment problem can be formulated as a variational inequality(VI), and the class of simplicial decomposition algorithms has been shown to be efficient for this problem. It alternates between generating shortest paths based on the travel cost function evaluated at the current iteration and solving the master problem that is a linearly constrained VI. We propose to use the recently proposed power penalty method to solve these VIs. The numerical results show that the proposed method can obtain a highly accurate solution with less computing time.

To investigate the influence of flexibility of wheelset in high-speed rotation on vehicle dynamics performance, the finite element model of wheelset was established and its unconstrained modal analysis was carried out correspondingly to obtain modal information using modal synthesis method. The flexible wheelset-rigid rail contact mechanics model was established according to multi-body system dynamics theory. Based on the flexible wheelset-rigid rail contact mechanics model, the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model containing high-speed rotating flexible wheelsets was established, and research on the influence of structural vibration of flexible wheelset on vehicle dynamics performance was performed when running on tangent and curved tracks. Results show that the structural vibration of high-speed wheelset has an obvious influence on the position of wheel-rail contact point, creepages, and creep forces and derailment coefficient. Thus, the more accurate flexible wheelset-rail coupled model is essential to be employed to research the interaction of wheel and rail, wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue, and wheel-rail noise.

Passenger train operation plans under uncertain information based on the measures of the possibilities are discussed in the paper. Taking the maximum transportation profit and minimizing the costs of passengers as the objective function, this paper establishes a fuzzy chance-constrained programming model based on the fuzzy passengers, number of arrival and departure tracks, and interval capacity. Furthermore, we also discuss the heuristic strategy with algorithm.

Pre-evaluation of highway safety is an effective method to ensure safe operation of highway transportation industry. In view of the various factors influencing highway traffic safety, the continental distance model with varying weight is proposed for highway traffic safety appraisal in this paper. The novel method adopts safe contribution rate of evaluation indexes related to highway safety to determine the weight coefficients of the corresponding indicators. In addition, evaluation factors' grade standards of highway safe are treated properly. Last, this model is applied to safe pre-evaluation of Xinjiang high-grade highway, and this model and unascertained measure model are compared and analyzed. The study results show that the both models evaluation results are excellently consistent, so this method is feasible.

The objective of this study was to design a universal method to produce various degrees of mental workload and explore its effect on driver reaction time through a driving simulator. Twenty participants experienced a driving situation under four degrees of mental workload: condition 1 (none), condition 2 (low), condition 3 (middle), and condition 4 (high). A program was exploited and used to record reaction time under each condition. A method of mental arithmetic, involving continuous subtraction calculations with the same minuend and four different subtrahends, was introduced to produce differentiable mental workload. Meanwhile, self-report was utilized to measure the mental workload. The result of questionnaires reflects that the method of producing differentiable mental workload is feasible and universal. The data of reaction time shows that the various degrees of mental workload have a significant effect on driver reaction time, and high mental workload leads to drivers' longer reaction time. The conclusion is that mental workload consumes the inherently limited capacity of driver's attention, which leads to increase in reaction time. The findings have a realistic significance on traffic safety research.

Under the development of Transit Signal Priority (TSP) in China, traffic flow on arterial generally has some characters limiting the effectiveness of single TSP strategy implemention along the arterial. Based on those characteristics, this paper proposed a comprehensive method called Three-Step Multi-Layer (TSML) strategy to select priority strategy at different intersections. Case study at Chengdu Road in Shanghai revealed that: TSML strategy could better accommodate with complicated bus priority application environment than single TSP strategy, the priority bus line 36 and through auto traffic along the arterial experience reduction in delays 12.7% and 3.31%; the overall negative impacts could be negligible.

First, the article summarized and analyzed the existing model and algorithm of traffic control and dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) synergy. Then combined with integrative modeling of traffic control and DTA characteristics, it proposed a traffic control and DTA synergy strategy and structure, created a synergy model and optimization algorithm based on system hierarchical control theory, built area traffic state identification function, and according to the function confirmed collaborative time. Finally, simulation on a small network and results show the proposed model algorithm is effective.

In this paper, based on the previous research achievements of travel time prediction and taking no.117 bus in Jinan Shandong province as the research object, a lot of research has been done. And the result reveals the change rule of travel time in different time period with bus lane, such as workday, non-workday, early slack, morning rush hour, and flat peak. Meanwhile, on the basis of comparative analysis and summarizing, bus travel time distribution model was established, which provide reference for bus scheduling personnel to dispatch bus operating vehicles scientifically and reasonably.

Lightweight design is one of the important research fields of the high-speed train. To realize EMU-welded bogie frame structure optimization and light weight and traditional optimization design deficiencies, fuzzy optimization design method was put forward based on fuzzy optimization objective function and constraints. Taking welded bogie frame design as an example, based on the finite element method, the framework is fuzzy optimization based on the finite element method. The results show that optimization results are more scientific and reasonable based on the fuzziness of constraint variable.

Based on vehicle dynamics and finite element analysis of rail dynamics, the wheel-rail relation acts as the connection, while rolling stock is considered as a whole system. With the help of computer simulation and the general finite element dynamics analyzing software ANYSYS/LS-DYNA, a vehicle-ballastless track-foundation coupling model is built, which is used to analyze the impact of driving comfort of ballastless track in different rail pads. This result will be compared with on-site experimental data to reach a conclusion about optimizing the related performance of ordinary rail pad to replace filled-in rail pad and ensure vehicle stability and comfort.

This paper presents a study of risk control on transportation finance based on real cases of default from a commercial bank in China in 2012 and analyzes the features of investment risks of transportation projects during a recessionary period. The identified risk factors are divided into several categories and specific preventive measures are proposed.

Hub airports play an important role in social and economic development, because they can enhance local economic development significantly by accumulation and spread. Developing sophisticated air hubs started late in China, and there still exists some problems that cannot be ignored, so we need right policies to lead us. In this paper, we do a comprehensive analysis of Chinese hub airports development by using SWOT analysis and choose the development strategy that gives full play to the internal strengths, compensates for internal weakness, deals with external threats, and seizes external opportunities. Furthermore, we propose countermeasures of promoting construction of hub airports under the leadership by governments, adjusting the strategy to improve the efficiency in transit performance, and increasing our investment in infrastructure.

The paper elaborates the equipment and layout requirement of the Railway Container Central Station and its operational procedures, according to the principle of site selection and plane layout planning and proposes four layout patterns for the construction and reconstruction of the Railway Container Central Station.

The safety level of railway transportation is one of the most important factors influencing transportation quality. This paper analyzes the occurence mechanism of railway transportation accidents, the safety level in different states of control elements with "people" and "the thing" as system safety state control elements. And based on this, the paper makes safety adjustment suggestions in different states of control elements, with reference to actual railway transportation accident analysis.

In winter of the northern region, de-icing salt is used when the pavement is covered with snow. However, the use of de-icing salt affects the performance of the pavement materials greatly. The stiffness modulus is an important indicator of asphalt mortar's performance. So the stiffness modulus is selected as the research object. Uniaxial compression creep experiments of salt freezing asphalt mortar upon three different stresses were conducted. The corresponding creep curves were acquired. Stiffness modulus curves could be drawn from the ratio of stress and strain. The varying laws of asphalt mortar's stiffness modulus under various uniaxial stresses and salt freezing conditions could be concluded. The results show that with increasing salt concentration, the stiffness modulus of asphalt mortar decreases significantly.

The relationship between the maximum actual capacity of the road and the traffic flow is an important indicator to judge whether traffic congestion happened or not, so it is necessary to carry out intensive research on the influence of access density on the maximum actual traffic capacity of arterial roads. Speed-flow data of various accesses were acquired through the design of the simulation experiment of TSIS6.0, and then the study determined the best function relationship and calculated the maximum value of the corresponding function to show the maximum traffic capacity of arterial roads. The results show that with increased access density, the maximum traffic capacity of arterial roads decreases significantly. On such basis, the paper finally got the correction coefficient table of the influence on maximum actual traffic capacity of arterial roads by the entrance density by the way of using the hierarchical clustering analysis to merge the original data.

The paper is trying to solve the increasingly serious problem of urban road traffic congestion by using swallowtail-catastrophe theory. We present a model of the mixed traffic flow through the analysis of the urban road congestion, while taking the factor of time and the type of vehicles on the traffic flow into consideration. The model can be used to discuss the problem of traffic flow prediction, to analyze the gap phenomenon that near the state of congestion in some of the collected data, and propose appropriate solutions to alleviate crowded urban intersections.

Model building of integrated military logistics supply chain, which is designed according to the whole military support system, draws the blueprint of military security system from the perspective of the whole army. It is the extended military logistics system model, including construction military logistics system, information system, organization system, and their corresponding service systems. This paper studies the model building of the integrated military logistics supply chain.

The costs required for transportation in the process of waste recycling are very high and become a serious bottleneck for promoting recycling. From the characteristics of reverse logistics for waste transportation, cooperative transport is expected to be an effective way for improving transport efficiency. However, cooperative transport is barely implemented in Japan in reverse logistics. This paper examines two practical cases concerning the practice or intention to implement cooperative logistics in Japan, finds out the factors that hinder or promote cooperative transport through interviews with relative parties, and finally proposes effective approaches for promoting cooperative transport in reverse logistics.

To improve the safety condition of long downhill sections of highway, the paper analyzed the main factors that influence traffic safety on long downhill sections, introduced the disadvantages of previous traffic safety evaluation method, and put forward the traffic safety comprehensive evaluation method with multiple indices. The traffic safety comprehensive evaluation index was calculated using principal-component-cluster analysis method to assess the safety condition of the sample sections. The validation case in this study shows that result of the traffic safety comprehensive evaluation reflect the safety condition of long downhill sections accurately.

Evacuation and rescue are more difficult for hospitals and other large gathering places; there are huge security risks lurking in the evacuation process. If a stampede occurred, it would delay the evacuation process and cause injury or death. Because hospitals have a large number of patients, the situation is even more special and complex; they should be fully prepared of the evacuation program and have prepared various emergency evacuation plans in advance. Therefore, the in-depth evacuation study of the hospital population has practical value. The modeling and evacuation flowchart are established, the simulation and analysis are calculated with evacuation time, personnel characteristics, the nurse service and the like by multimode evacuation ways, which include elevator, stairs, and combined ways. The result is compared with three ways, and a reasonable evacuation suggestion is presented based on multimode ways of floor building in the hospital.

A hybrid method combining finite element method (FEM) and statistical energy analysis (SEA )was recently presented for predicting the steady-state response of vibro-acoustic systems. Based on the structural characteristics of vehicle-CRTS II ballastless track-bridge system, the hybrid method of vehicle-track-bridge elements was presented. Using finite element method and Hamilton theory, the coupled equation of vehicle-track-bridge can be established. As an application, the vibration characteristics of the track-bridge system vertical profile assumed as random irregular were calculated and the effect of random irregularity wavelength were analyzed.

This paper analyzes the necessity and urgency of rural passenger transportation transformation under the background of urban and rural harmonious development and the increasing urbanization rate in metropolitan areas of China. The Zhenjiang—Rongbing transportation line is studied as a typical case in this paper; the process and effects of rural passenger transportation reforms of this transport line are discussed in detail. The case provides an insight into the rural passenger transportation development process that can offer good measures to solve the trips of rural residents that are useful to planners worldwide, meanwhile, the evaluation index system on results of rural passenger transportation transformation is proposed.

To realize the informational management of the expressway electro-mechanical equipment operation and maintenance, this thesis focuses on the basic structure of the electrical and mechanical equipment and functional components of the highway. And simple pages and formed software frame have been designed by these modules. This equipment administration system is developed and established based on the economical and practical SQL Server 2005 as background database, taking browser/server as its structure, which is easy to upgrade, convenient to use and extend, and allows JavaScript languages to develop and debug.

Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickups and Deliveries (VRPPD) is more difficult than classic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), in which customers' demands are not the same type. Moreover, it was proposed so recently that there is not much research on VRPPD. In this paper, we focus on a new VRPPD called unpaired VRPPD. Different from traditional VRPPD, suppliers are not paired off with demanders in unpaired VRPPD. To solve unpaired VRPPD, a new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) is developed, in which the crossover factor in Grouping Genetic Algorithm (GGA) is embedded as a neighborhood search method. The experimental results show that the new proposed algorithm is more accurate and more efficient than GGA in our previous research.

This paper proposes a genetic algorithm-based approach to solve the bus network design problem. First this paper selects the object function by analysis of the characteristics of bus travel and obtains the constraints of bus network design by "Urban Road Traffic Design Specification." Second this paper researches the selection of the origin station in the network by the traffic demand of the area. Third this paper use a genetic algorithm-based approach, which involved a new coding mode to solve the bus network problem. At last an example was used to prove the efficiency of the approach.

With changes in socioeconomic structure, the frequency and speed of travel required is becoming more and higher. This is reflected not only in passenger travel, but also inhigh value-added goods transportation. In this paper, we discuss freight statistics from the view of transfer freight volume, trends freight volume, and induced freight volume between Wuhan and Guangzhou and analyze the period characteristics and structural features of the run of the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway. Then the paper studies the feasibility of the run of high-speed railway container train in the view of transport organization and technical conditions, and by SWOT analysis method, we point out the shortcomings of its running. According to the analysis, development strategies are proposed.

Taking CRTS III slab track rail-support bed as an example and according to the relative analysis between field test and simulation model, the changes of bearing capacity of rail-support bed under different crack forms can be got. According to the results, different crack forms would affect the rail-support bed's bearing capacity. If the crack's developing direction is vertical to the stress surface, the bearing capacity is the smallest, thus the most possible crack developing direction is vertical to the stress surface; when the crack is developing vertical to the stress surface, shoulder's loading capacity shows little relevance to crack depth, the bearing capacity is about 8t. Field test results are similar to the simulation computing results.

To grasp the vibration of the railway surrounding when the train travels, the test is adopted along the high-speed line. In the testing process, three typical line segments (roadbed, bridge, tunnel) are selected, and the train runs through the measuring point at different speeds, collecting data on environmental vibration. By analysis the peak acceleration of environment vibration, there is a negative exponent relationship between the distance away from the railway and acceleration. Compared with bridge and tunnel, the relationship between the critical distance tested 1 gal vertical vibration acceleration in roadbed section and speed is not obvious. In the bridge and tunnel section, the higher the speed, the corresponding critical distance for 1 gal vertical vibration acceleration is farther.

The paper first discusses the difference between the high-speed train diagram and the existing train diagram on view of structures, and from this perspective the article explores issues related to evaluation problems under the new conditions of a new background. Finally, it evaluates the quality of the train schedule through the gray evaluation method according to the new evaluation system.

In this paper, the classification for kinds and levels of accidents in Chinese railway is deeply analyzed, and a model of security and emergency management in Chinese railway is proposed. Then the system architecture, which includes net layer, hardware layer, data resource layer, information-processing layer, interface layer, business application layer, and access layer, is given.

Controlling global warming is an important topic. Faced with carbon tax policy, enterprises' production and profits are affected. In achieving balance between corporate profits and environmental protection, technology update is an important means of settlement. In this paper, a multiobjective optimal carbon tax system model is built based on a set of emission factors of high and low emissions. According to market demand, enterprises obtain optimal production and initial optimal profit model. High carbon tax has great effect on enterprise profits. By introducing technology parameters, unit product's carbon emissions decline and corporate profits are improved under the same optimal output. It demonstrated under the carbon tax policy, enterprise can solve the contradiction between its own profit and the environment by putting in green technology.

The objective of this research is to provide a systematic examination of an neglected question: the effect of transport improvement is not always positive on economic growth in China's Sichuan Ethnic Area. Our findings show that only tertiary industry and transport improvement benefit from each other through movement of goods, what is surprising is that the population mobility has no direct effect on local economic growth.

Two reconstructed guardrail systems are developed to enhance the crashworthiness of in-service W-beam barriers installed on freeways. The interaction mechanism of vehicle and barriers in the collision process is simulated based on finite element method, and the simulation results are examined by safety performance evaluation criteria. Simulation results show that the three-beam system is successfully crash tested to grade-A conditions with 160kJ kinetic energy. The double W-beam system passes the grade-SB test while the kinetic energy is 280kJ. In all tests, vehicles don't penetrate, under-ride, or over-ride the test barriers after collisions and occupant ride-down accelerations of test cars are all less than 20g, which satisfies the evaluation criteria limits. In the two reconstructed guardrail systems, most of components in the original W-beam barriers could be reused. Compared with installing new barriers of the same test level, applying the two reconstructed guardrail systems can obviously reduce construction cost and decrease traffic influence.

Combining the features of the railway container allocation and state-of-art empty container management (ECM), in this paper, we give a complete discrimination of the ECM and propose a method for ECM based on customer value and transport cost. Starting from the study of the railway container customer value, a railway container customer value assessment index system for evaluation of customer value is established to assess the customer. Furthermore the model of the ECM based on "value-cost" strategy is obtained, and the method for the solution is also presented.

Based on the total and in-depth studies of the semi-automatic blocking equipment among single-track in combination with the station interlocking system and the object-oriented computer programming language, this paper aims to develop simulation system for train reception and departure in the Windows operating system, realizing train reception and departure. The system operates stably. Its interactive interface is friendly and intuitive, fulfilling the expected goals.

Studying logistics networks is important for the development of industry logistics as highlighted by the industry research focus. Logistics network in this paper proposed the factors of the industry, especially product characteristics. Furthermore, the article applied ISM model to product characteristics for further analysis. After analyzing influencing factors of importance, we give sufficient attention to the extent according to the degree of their effect. From that, informed product characteristic is the main industry cause of formation of the network.

The paper introduces a kind of control blast device that has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can effectively cushion the strong detonation shock wave from an explosion, avoiding the damage to slope step surface of rock and thus improving slope stability of rock at extent and increasing the stable degree of step slope of rock for 3 degrees after deep hole blasting. Ratio of semi-hole achieves 95% and achieves China patent number ZL 201220107888.5. It also can be used in tunnel and underground engineering. It can reduce largely the vibration of explosion and improve stability of surrounding rock after blasting at extent, achieving another China patent number ZL 201220230579.7.

Traffic accidents in highway tunnels of mountainous areas have been a serious problem. According to the traffic environment of highway tunnels, an analysis was conducted based on the statistical data about the traffic accidents occurring in the six tunnels of the Shangyu-Sanmen Highway in China. The results indicated the characteristics of some traffic accidents, such as temporal and spatial distribution and patterns. Then, the influence of ventilation, lighting at the tunnel's entrance and exit and in the tunnel, and the causes of frequent accidents were analyzed. Finally, this paper demonstrated related measures to control and reduce traffic accidents.

By researching the object of urban expressway off-ramp, based on analysis of congestion reasons, this dissertation studies in depth priority signal control methods. According to the convergence type between expressway off-ramp and surrounding road network, this paper proposes the corresponding signal control methods to achieve the purpose of improving expressway operational efficiency and provide theoretical basis for future urban expressway traffic management and control.

According to the present safety situation and existing highway problems in our country, this article designs and improves the form and parameters of four types of deceleration markings based on the driver's physiology and the relevant provisions. Furthermore, it establishes the scene model by virtual reality simulation technology and analyzes reduction effect, security implications, and the recognition influence and illusion characteristics of all the deceleration markings through a combination of simulated driving experiment and the questionnaire survey. According to the results, this article assesses the effect of the deceleration marking and determines its scope and practical value.

The macroscopic traffic emission model is a useful tool in wide-area emission assessment, which is typically used to calculate and develop national or regional emission factors and inventories. This paper uses the portable emission measurement system to collect real-time vehicle emission data and develops the analysis platform for the emission data based onthe COPERT III model and corresponding secondary development tools. Further, the emission characteristics of different emission species for different vehicles are obtained, and the ratio of emissions for each pollutant on the road is calculated. Finally, the paper presents a discussion with respect to further analysis of emissions based on COPERT III model.

A lot of space under bridges is generated with extensive application of elevated urban rail transit lines, and making use of it is getting more and more attention because of cities' lack of land resources. Domestic research in this field is still in its infancy, while in foreign developed countries it was studied relatively earlier than us, and the theory is comparatively mature. This paper first studies and analyzes the utilization of space under the viaduct between foreign countries and the status quo of Beijing and Shanghai and then puts forward suggestions for improving and enhancing the utilization of the space under viaducts and provides reference for future planning of it.

The park-and-ride financial subsidy of urban rail transit involves many areas. Constructing a workable model and optimizing the calculating method is an important topic to develop park-and-ride services sustainably. Combined with the operational data of the park-and-ride system in Beijing, the paper proposes two subsidy-calculating models, the amount of subsidy model based on external effects and the correlation coefficient subsidy model; then puts forward the operational subsidy-calculating model in practical application; and estimates the amount of financial subsidy of park-and-ride. In this way, we can realize the maximization of the government subsidy utility and provide a theoretical basis for the subsidy calculation of urban rail transit park-and-ride.

Supplier selection is an important area in enterprise supply chain management. Furthermore, it's the source and basis of supply chain construction. To improve enterprise competition and strengthen supply chain management, the scientific and reasonable method is used to evaluate and select suppliers. This paper uses the matter element analysis method to describe each supplier through evaluation index value and constructs a weighted decision matrix. Through setting the ideal and the negative ideal supplier and calculating the closeness degree between the supplier and the ideal supplier, the best supplier can be selected. Finally, this paper gives an example to use and prove the whole method.

This paper aims to use traffic conflict technique to analyze the safety situation of freeway work zone because its historical crash data cannot meet the requirement of statistical analysis. First, the traffic data of individual vehicles through the merging area and working area of closed one-way work zone and closed passing-lane work zone are collected and analyzed. Second, two methodologies are introduced and modified, the first one is based on time to collision (TTC), which can calculate the rear-end conflict number, while the second model is based on deceleration rate to avoid crash (DRAC), which can determine the possibility of rear-end collisions happening. Then, the rear-end conflict situation of typical work zones' merging areas and working areas are evaluated by the methodologies mentioned above. The results show these measures can quantitatively describe the rear-end conflict situation from different aspects.

This paper determines reliability evaluation idea about road network connectivity of the road section to the road and the road to the road network and establishes the connectivity reliability evaluation model of road section, road, and road network. The research results provide a theoretical basis for planning and construction of road network, seismic hardening of road system, and disaster prevention measures for high-intensity earthquake zones.

Highway landscape maintenance is important for safe and attractive landscapes. This paper proposes a highway landscape maintenance index system and assessment model using AHP and qualifies the landscape maintenance elements that can specify the maintenance emphasis. In the case study, the availability of this method has been demonstrated. Through analyzing assessment results, the paper can guide maintenance managers and workers to realize the key maintenance landscape elements and the focus of work.

This article studies Lhasa Station, which is located in the Tibetan plateau, and the key factors that would affect passenger service greatly during ethnic festivals based on a comprehensive evaluation. It tries to make some characteristic suggestions to meet the requirements of train stations in highlands and to follow the customs of local people to ensure a smooth travelling for passengers during Tibetan festivals.

Based on field tests in a curved section of Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed railway, a research on performance variation of self-loosening of WJ-7B fastenings was carried out such as the preloaded force and the changing law of axial force. The calculation of preloaded force of anchor-fixing bolt and rotation angle is used to analyze the tendency of self-loosening. Furthermore, setting proper maintenance intervals for tightening to ensure the long-term safety of train operation is important.

Based on the analysis of forms and types of BRT-exclusive lane, characteristics of different types of lanes are described and the schematic diagram of regular bus lane is designed. The influencing factors of the lanes are analyzed, and the theoretic passenger capacity of BRT is studied under ideal conditions. The calculating method of the real passenger capacity has been discussed in consideration of the influence of stations. The actual passenger capacities value of BRT corresponding to different vehicle configurations, different times, and different docking dock berth numbers are calculated.

The paper uses the single-variable grey sequence forecast model to predict the container throughput of Lianyungang harbor to show the growth trends of container throughput of Lianyungang port in the coming three years. And the container throughput growth provides data support for accelerating the development of rail-sea intermodal transportation.

Traffic safety, which involves many disciplines, is a highly complex and uncertain area. Traditional research failed to unify all the separate subjects into a cohesive one, and the explanation of the traffic accident causes was not convincing. We apply Chinese Harmony (HeXie) Theory to demonstrate traffic safety, putting human factors in the leading role and explaining the two mechanisms and the coupling of two modes to achieve traffic safety. Finally, harmony degree function (H(x)) and traffic safety function (TS(x)) are applied to analyze the process of the realization of harmonious traffic safety.

Based on queuing theory, the paper compares the design requirements when assumed traffic flow is in Erlang distribution and negative exponential distribution respectively. The result shows that the accurate prediction of vehicle flow arrival is the important guarantee of highway toll station design. On this basis, the paper analyzes three capacity expansion schemes applicable to toll stations with limited space during peak and then deduces some calculation formulas used for the queuing model with both the vehicles interarrival times and the tollbooth service times being negative exponential distribution, thus providing an example for further explanation.

This paper uses principal component analysis and factor analysis model to evaluate regional transportation industry competitiveness of 31 administrative regions in China by considering various transportation modes and selecting indexes of transportation industry based on the panel data in 2010. The results show regional transportation industry competitiveness in developed eastern regions is obviously higher than that in underdeveloped central and western regions.

Combining the characteristics of student entrepreneurial education in the field of transportation, first this paper analyzes the connotation and the four main elements of entrepreneurial trait. Second, under the concrete practice of the talents' training in our country, some misunderstandings and defects in the training of college undergraduates' entrepreneurial trait in the field of transportation are summarized. Finally, according to the successful experience of foreign education, this essay puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to promote the trait of the transportation class entrepreneurship among university undergraduates.

On the foundation of the development state of domestic and foreign railway double-layer container transport, the necessity to accelerate development of railway double-layer container and analyze problems in railway double-layer container transport in China, which proposed some recommendations to speeding up Chinese railway double-layer container transport to further promote better and rapid development of railroad double-layer container transport in China.

Track selection for a certain LRT project is difficult and complex in view of many factors to be considered. Many track alternatives can be considered for a certain project, and it needs very detailed cost and multi-factors analysis work, which is time and budget consuming. This paper presents one demonstration of LTR track selection using AHP decision-making method from different track alternatives. As an example, the evaluation of appropriateness of the under-construction AALRT track selection was presented. For the evaluation, five tracks that are finally clustered into three major alternatives: ballasted track, prefabricated slab/ floating ladder track, and green tracks, based on some AHP guidelines and facts behind their similarities and features are considered. After detailed analysis for AALRT track selection evaluation by applying basic AHP principles, green tracks is found to be the best choice. Depending on the output of evaluation for the AALRT project (ballasted track) track selection, necessary suggestions are made for future extension and new construction of LRT projects in that city.

The soft foundation of some subgrade of high-speed railway in operation caused abnormal settlement and a need for reinforcement; however, the reinforcement measures and these mechanism have received little attention. Numerical analysis method was adopted to study the mechanism and effects of the grounting and churning pile, which was used to reinforce soft soil subgrade in a high-speed railway. Results show that the settlement and lateral deformation are not symmetrical distribution but get larger along the inclined direction of stratum; reinforcement by grouting can decrease the settlement and the transverse differential deformation by improving the properties of soil, which can decrease the void ratio and increase the compression modulus; and reinforcement by churning pile can increase the stability of embankment on soft soil subgrade. The results could provide theoretical guidance for reinforcement of soft soil subgrade of high-speed railway in operation.

The construction of high-speed railway in China needs numerous innovative talents of high level. In this paper, a summary of the current talent training system is first presented, including the curriculums, teaching materials, teaching mode and standards, etc. The requirements of innovative talents of high level in high-speed railway domain are then analyzed, based on which the talent training countermeasure are finally emphasized.

Streamline optimization theory is a new method to reveal basic characteristics and laws of logistics activities, optimize matching degree between logistics service supply and demand, and solve all kinds of logistics-related problems with super-network structure. According to urban logistics nodes layout problem, streamline optimization theory was applied to determine the scale of the logistics nodes. Then matching degree between logistics nodes layout supply and demand was optimized and proved its rationality and feasibility. The result shows that the matching degree that was achieved by streamline optimization model is higher than by traditional experience method, and the logistics value is closer to the logistics demand.

The development of the logistics park plays an important role in promoting the industry scale and intensity level in logistics. The current logistics park construction in China is in the period of rapid development, so it is very meaningful to strengthen the overall planning and guide the logistics park development to be healthy and orderly. This paper tries to define the boundary of the logistics park. Also, it proposes the idea of building the logistics park planning system in China, including the levels of planning, the subject of planning, the focus of planning, etc. Finally, it puts forward relevant policy suggestions.

China's logistics industry has been developing vigorously and has entered the multimodal transport development stage. To realize transport resources optimization, configure and use logistics corporations integration. Rail-water intermodal transportation is the inevitable trend of the developing logistics industry. The rail-water intermodal transportation document is the main carrier of information transmission operation and is a basis for delivery and payment of freight transport. It plays an important role in the entire rail-water intermodal transportation process. Based on the practical investigation, this paper analyses the development and existing problems of documents in China. According to logistics technology development, process optimization of the rail-water combined transportation documents is given.

In the road traffic system, the relationship between public transport and the use of private cars is competition and weak alternative especially in urban traffic system. Intuitively, it seems that the TOD mode will bring a great shock to auto industry, especially in big cities. In fact it got no contradiction with the development of auto industry in China, but played a role in promoting and optimizing it because of the situation in China's automobile industry. The key to dealing with these two is to build and lead a right traffic structure and car culture.

When port authorities plan anchorage or ships choose anchoring berth, estimating the ship's holding power of anchoring and resultant of wind and current is necessary. The computation method of holding power of anchoring adopted generally is rather complex and impractical. From the perspective of computing convenience, it is proposed that officers calculate holding power of anchor and the additional holding power of anchor chain by consulting ship's parameters and observing the angle between anchor chain and plummet at anchor hawse. The resultant of wind and current is calculated according to ship's deadweight and the anchoring safety is analyzed correspondingly. Finally, Anchorage 1#, 2#, and 3# of Yangpu Port in Hainan Province are calculated as an example, with the condition of holding ground, to verify the reliably of the computation method of holding power of anchoring.

Unlike city public transportation network planning, the indexes that affect urban and rural bus network planning are difficult to quantify. So this paper applies vague sets to set the matrix of it. First, it calculates the entropy weight of each index. And then it standardizes the decision matrix considered weight. Finally, it chooses the best scheme according to the Euclidean closeness degree between the alternative and the ideal scheme. Above all, this method is applied to specific cases.

With the rapid development of China Railway Intelligent Construction, an intact security construction is an impulsive force to complete and develop intelligent transportation systems. From the construction security management system and security technology system, this paper builds the framework of security for the railway intelligent transportation system on the basis of thorough analysis of the overall demand for a security framework to provide a reference for future implementation of the railway intelligent transportation system network security building.

Emergency escape ramps (EERs) have developed much in China. But in recent years, lawsuits involving EERs have increased. The reason is that the vehicles entering the EERs cannot escape safely, resulting in the casualities and damage to the vehicle and goods. The original intention of the EERs built by the highway administrative departments is to providing escape ramps for the vehicles, and facing lawsuits was unexpected. It is an urgent problem to avoid the legal risk of EERs for the highway administrative departments. Incidents on EERs are the reason for the lawsuits. The paper analyzes six kinds of common incidents on EERs, including that the vehicles rush out of the arresters bed of the EERs, roll over in the arrester bed, the cargos extrude forward to the driving cab, roll back after stopping, collision with the existing vehicles in the arrester bed, and collision with the guardrails on both sides of the arrester bed. The paper also analyzes the reasons for the incidents on EERs, including unscientific design, improper uses, overdue maintenance, and weak operational management. It is critical to ensure that the vehicles entering the EERs stop smoothly and escape safely to avert the legal risk involved with the EERs. The paper proposes legal risk aversion programs, includingscientific, reasonable, humanized design of the EERs; putting into force the information system of the usage terms of the EERs; strengthening the maintenance and operational management of the EERs; and strengthening the publicity and guide of the EERs.

With purpose of improving the quality of transit operation, the multi-mode optimization of bus stopping based on comprehensive cost was studied. The model based on minimizing passengers' travel cost and transit vehicles' operation cost was established. Constraints including bus transit capacity, passenger volume, and time and capacity rate were under consideration. The algorithm was delivered to cope with it according to genetic algorithm (GA). An example was prepared to verify the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results have indicated that the optimization leads to 51.1% reduction of the costs during the peak hour and 43.3% during the flat one, which shows that the method mentioned and discussed here is both applicable and effective.

The aircraft arrival optimization problem remains an important research topic in China because of the rapid development of civil aviation transportation. According to the analysis of arrival flights, a slot equilibrium algorithm based on airspace status is proposed. This algorithm is divided into two sub-algorithms: presaturation slot allocation algorithm and exceed-saturation slot allocation algorithm. When the airspace is not very crowded, slot allocation tries to reduce the operation of flights. Otherwise, slot allocation tries to decrease flights' delay times. Simulated experiments demonstrate that the algorithm can be effective in reducing delays, alleviating the burden on the controllers, and the allocation scheme is reasonable.

Monolithic track-beds are used in the structures of tramcar rails. The baseplates under the track beds directly act on the subgrades. The mechanical property of subgrades is important for the normal operations of tramcar. The structures of tramcar rails are different from those of traditional rail transportation with monolithic track beds and rigid pavement structures. The loads are also different from trucks, trains, and cars. So it is a new rail structure with a new load form. The finite element analysis method is used to recognize the new property of the structures. The dynamic stress transfer rules in subgrades will be discussed in this paper.

Shanghai urban rail transit is developing into a pattern of network operations. This paper highlights the network passenger traffic growth of the "network effect" and the large transfer passenger aggregation. To effectively suppress the occurrence of large passenger flow, conducting in-depth analysis of passenger flow in transfer stations is necessary. In this paper, based on the Shanghai urban rail transit network operation status, the basic characteristics of the passenger flow and analytical content are studied,models and algorithms are established, and refined analysis based on AFC data of Shanghai urban rail transit in People's Square Station is provided.

To solve the railway station yard model problem and its data structure, frequently used yard models are summarized by directed and undirected graph, including function vertex model, load bearing vertex model, switch group vertex model, track vertex model, and routes conflicting graph model. Focusing on these models, suited data logical structure and storage structure are analyzed. The result shows that adjacent multiple linked list is suitable for the function vertex model and load bearing vertex model, orthogonal list is suitable for switch group vertex model and track vertex model, and adjacency matrix is suitable for the routes conflicting graph model.

Taking Chengdu metro as an example, first, this paper uses survey data to fit out the random distribution of passenger arrival and the service time of the TVM (ticket vending machine). Then, based on introducing a state correlation theory, a queuing model with obvious service desksis built up. The simulation and parameter passing function of the AnyLogic software is then applied to verify and optimize the above model. Finally, the simulation result has proved the strong feasibility of the model and simulation optimization is able to relieve the passenger queue status resulted from the TVM, and thus it has significance for guiding the configuration of the TVM.

With the increase of the number of Beijing subway lines, the basic network of the subway line has been formed. At the same time, the ticketing system has been re- considered. The single ticketing system of Beijing subway has also come under question. The article not only gives the basic procedure of section-metered pricing, but also recommends the preferential policies through analysis of the status of the Beijing subway and comparison of several ticketing systems. The purpose of the paper is to provide a reference for future subway fare reform.

High-speed railway has not only brought a new vitality to the declining railway industry, but it has also created a new growth momentum for regional economic development. With the planning of medium and long-term national railway networks, construction and operation of "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed railways and acceleration of new urbanization process, high-speed railways will play a guiding role on the promotion of urban development. High-speed railways' guiding role for the cities along the railways will be embodied in the following aspects: enhancing urban level and scale, optimizing urban spatial structure, perfecting urban functional structure, and promoting the development of urban agglomeration.

The organization of loading and unloading port station is an important part in the development of railway-water intermodal transportation. Loading and unloading equipment in the organization of allocation handling is the foundation for the successful completion of the loading and unloading task. This article proceeds from the perspective of the analysis of characteristics of hot metal transportation, loading and unloading system for loading and unloading equipment, machinery selection and other aspects. Handling equipment is divided into railway loading area and unloading area and yard area, and three aspects of horizontal transport equipment are introduced. Qualitative analysis of its advantages and disadvantages, quantitative analysis of the technical parameters, and mechanical selection according to the strengths and weaknesses of a variety of devices for each field area are made.

This paper proposes a new shortest path search method based on the real-time dynamic network--evolutionary algorithm. Combined with the artificial neural network forecasting method, a real-time dynamic road impedance matrix is structured. This algorithm can quickly and effectively search the shortest path in the real-time dynamic and static networks, avoid the phenomenon of doing prone artificially for induced congestion of every dynamic path search algorithm and the path of local optimization of overall deterioration.

Steel coils are transported by containers in shipping, but for the complexity of loading and securing them into railway containers, they cannot be transported by rail. After studying loading and securing problems of steel coils in railway and ocean separately, some loading and securing measures of steel coils in railway container are proposed to develop railway container transport of steel coils and then promote the development of rail-water combined container transport of steel coils.

This paper studies the shipment consolidation among logistics enterprises when facing uncertain demands. In the paper, the author discusses respectively the issues of cost allocation for the shipment consolidation among enterprises under the time-based and quantity-based shipment consolidation strategies, establishes a collaborative game model, and designs a cost-allocation plan accordingly. The result of the study indicates that coalition can not only curtail the costs, but also improve the utilization of resources. With the help of coalition, a practical model to promote the real effective coalition among enterprises in practice will be established, which hopefully can help enterprises optimize the use of resources to accelerate their development in different socioeconomic environments.

Supply chain contract is an important aspect in the research of supply chain. The theoretical research on supply chain contract is of significance to the specific operation of supply chain contracts in practice. In this paper, we contrast the centralized decision making and wholesale price contract and analyze the influence that time value of capital on coordination efficiency of revenue-sharing contract.

Passenger safety problems in hybrid highways increases in mountain areas. With an empirical investigation on passenger transport routes in Shangluo in Qinling Mountain, the analysis of the influential factors of passenger safety shows that the vehicle technical condition, as an influential factor, is second only to highway condition and driver factors. The research found that speed limit, braking, monitoring, and emergency passage are the main factors influencing passenger safety in mountain hybrid highway. To provide safe and convenient travel conditions for mountain passengers, both passenger safety and transport capacity should be considered when the choice of vehicle model is made.

Based on ABAQUS software, a 3-D finite element model that includes material's properties, structural layer combination, and interlayer contact was analyzed to identify the mechanical response of the track bed. Variations of mechanical response such as the track bed's tensile stress, the track bed's deflection, subgrade compressive stress, and subgrade deflection with structure material properties such as track-bed module, base course module, and subgrade module. The results indicate that the increased subgrade module could significantly reduce track bed's tensile stress, while increasing track bed module can increase the track bed's tensile stress. When the subgrade modulus increased, the track bed's deflection reduced rapidly and sharply converged to a certain range.

The concept and application scope of accessibility in the different disciplines were elaborated; the quantification method used commonly at the present stage was summarized; and application conditions and insufficiency of the usual model were pointed out, including gravity model, the distance model, and the accumulation opportunity method. Furthermore, it was discovered that quantification limited to the spatial criteria cannot respond to the relation of the spatial network accurately, in the view of this question, the quantification model was proposed on the basis of time impedance function, which takes the main variable by real capacity. This model can respond the spatial demand intensity indirectly. Then, the paper was to introduce the node importance concept, which can reflect factors influencing accessibility in road network even more directly, such as society, economy, transportation. This model can make up for the insufficiency of space and time method.

The optimization of the public transit network in relation to passengers, operators, and department managers, involves many aspects including service, cost, and performance, and is the typical problem encountered in the construction of a "transit metropolis." To solve the problem, this paper is mainly built on a optimization model of the public transit network based on operational reliability analysis model and the analysis of the bus operational reliability and influencing factors, starting from three angles including the bus stations, bus lines, and the transit network. Taking Swiss Road Network as an example, in contrast to the method of the paper (Yan, 2012), the feasibility analysis proves that the optimization method of the public transit network is simpler and therefore more suitable for promotion.

Freeway visibility has significant time distribution. In this article, the statistical analysis method was used to study freeway visibility characteristics and influencing factors, which include humidity, temperature, wind speed, air pressure, etc. Then the scatterplots of visibility and its influencing factors were presented to illustrate the relationship among them. The author took Ruchen freeway for an example to make a detailed analysis. The results indicate (1) dense fog mainly occurs in evening; (2)visibility has good correlation with humidity and wind speed, while poor correlation with air pressure; and (3)dense fog mainly occurs in the temperature of 2°C to 6°C.

The paper focuses on the influence of traffic signal countdown on traffic safety in China. Combined with other scholar's researches, the authors use descriptive statistics and analysis of variance methods to analyze the data. The paper summarizes the influence of traffic signal countdown on motor vehicles and pedestrians. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are drawn to provide a reference for future applications of traffic signal countdown. The green signal countdown should be used with great caution. The red signal countdown should be set according to different situations. And there is a great need to enhance education of traffic safety for pedestrians and strengthen enforcement.

This paper proposes the calculating equation for expressway toll pricing based on the full-cost pricing method by combining the existing expressway business mode and pricing customization method, applying the full-cost pricing method to analyze and quantify the cost of the expressway full life cycle. The Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway pricing is customized with this equation. Break-even analysis and enterprise revenue calculation are operated combining the existing data. Compared with the existing data, it shows that pricing customization system based on the full-cost pricing method can ensure the expressway's profit, decrease business risks, and improve service quality. Moreover, it is of great practical significance to enhance maintenance of expressway full life cycle and improve marketization of expressway service.

Transfer points between different transport modes or lines play an important role in transportation and can become a bottleneck if not adequately developed. Well designed and integrated multimodal passenger transport hubs are therefore needed to reduce inefficiencies, reduce travel times, and increase traveler convenience. Based on the research of international and national practices in developing integrated multimodal hubs, eight pieces of experiences are generated. The work framework for developing multimodal passenger transport hubs is presented, including descriptions of the relative approach, methodology, and target for performing the ten scopes of work. Three key activities for the development are also put forward and expounded.

The study of the dynamics of transport systems and regional balance is important for sound regional development. This paper first analyzes the dynamic mechanism of two subsystems: regional development subsystem and transport subsystem. Based on such dynamic mechanisms, two types of policies, that is, nontransport policies and transport policies, are given to promote regional balance.

As a new generation of railway transportation system, Railway Intelligent Transportation System (RITS) demanded the existing railway transportation system of our country change from information to intelligence to satisfy higher level of requirements. As the core part of the railway transportation system, dispatching was the key to realize intelligent railway transport. To satisfy the dispatching requirement of RITS, this paper proposed the goal of constructing a new comprehensive dispatching system. At first, this paper analyzed the demand of all dispatching departments. Then it completed the services framework of the new system, which laid a foundation for construction of a logical framework and physical framework and implementation of the new system in the future.

Safety, punctuality, and efficiency are the basic requirements for high-speed railway transportation organizations. As the nerve center of high-speed railway systems, high-speed railway dispatching system is a modern control and management system that ensures operational safety and punctuality and efficiently organizes and commands the high-speed train operation and daily production activities. Guaranteeing the security and strengthening the security management of the dispatching system are the basic premises for realizing the safety of high-speed railway transportation. This article analyzed the potential security risks in the dispatching system from two aspects, the system making factors person-machine-environment-information-decision and safety management, and based on them provide the suggestions and opinions about the security construction of high-speed railway dispatching system.

This paper establishes index evaluation system of high-speed train working diagram, including basic evaluation index of train working diagram, passenger serving quality evaluation index, capacity utilization evaluation index, profit-cost evaluation index, adjustable evaluation index, proportional spacing evaluation index, and after-worked-out evaluation index. Finally, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applied to the high-speed train working diagram.

With the continuous development of science, technology, and people's living standards, people have more options for the way to travel. So the competition among the various modes of passenger transport is becoming more and more serious. At present, China's railway system is stepping forward to digitization, becoming information- and intelligence-based; the old service modes have failed to meet the needs of social development, requiring a higher level of service quality of railway passenger. This article briefly describes the current situation of the passenger service in the Chinese railway system; it also analyzes the gaps between present situation and long-term construction target of passenger transport service based on China's railway intelligent transport system (RITS). And finally, the article puts forward several suggestions regarding the development direction of China's passenger transport services in the future.

First, this essay analyzes the passenger dedicated line station operating plan adjustment principle of abnormal conditions. Second, it establishes the optimization model to minimize customer dissatisfaction, minimize adjustment costs, and minimize the associated delay time as the goal and designs a practical algorithm for the model. Finally, the model and algorithm are demonstrated by examples.

Emergencies usually occur in the Urban Rail Transit system when this system is entering a network operation period. There are many internal and external facts that may eventually lead to emergency accidents. With the purpose of improving the safety of the daily operation in the Metro system, in this paper, the emergency accidents that occurred in the Beijing Metro system are first carefully analyzed, then we classified and analyzed the characteristic of the accidents, a model based on fault tree analysis is built to qualitatively analyze the actual case. A directive opinion aimed at promoting the operation safety and reliability is proposed based on the model we built. What's more, the place that needs further improvement is also pointed out.

In the supply chain, the buy-back contract can effectively reduce inventory levels and reduce demand uncertainty. It can also reduce the loss caused by the demand uncertainty. Buy-back price is a sensitive factor in buy-back contract. What is the impact to the supply chain? Is the retailer's ordering policyin a different supply chain? To answer these questions, this article builds a two-stage supply chain that is composed of a single manufacturer and a single retailer. The supply chain is based on the basic principles of the buy-back contract. In the end, we analyze the effect of the buy-back price to the optimal order quantity in different supply chains.

Urban public transport system can be seen as a Petri nets synchronization model based on time. In this article, considering Petri nets' insufficient analysis capabilities, the Petri nets model—Timed Event Graph (TEG)—is transformed, using max-plus algebra, to a linear model with special algebra structure. The two methods, Petri nets and max-plus algebra, are combined to solve the synchronization problem of urban public system to reduce transfer waiting time of passengers in urban public transportation system and improve its service quality.

In this paper, a network equilibrium model for a four-layer tactical supply chain network is developed. Such supply chain networks involve raw material supplier, manufacturer, retailer/DC, and final customer. The service decay over delivery time of retailer/DC to final customer is considered. After analysis of logistics flow and economics equilibrium layer in supply chain, a supernetwork topology frame is proposed. Finally, a modified projection algorithm is employed to solve the novel equilibrium models. Such a model is more realistic to the real world.

There are several paths or nodes to be selected to form a useful and efficient logistics chain. But how to decide which path or node would be selected is an issue in the field of logistics planning and optimization. The issue can be described as mixed-integer programming. And the model can be settled by some exact algorithm, such as the branch and bound method, or random-heuristic search method when the dimensions of the problem are small. But when the dimensions of the problem are large, the problem belongs to NP-complete problem. A genetic algorithm is designed to settle the model. The main impact facts of the algorithm, such as coding, representation of the data, population size, and fitness function, are analyzed.

This paper presents a modeling approach to investigate the association of the probability of traffic accident with road safety measures. First, the probability of traffic accident is defined as the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of motor vehicles in a region or country during a period of time. To improve road safety, i.e. decreasing the probability of traffic accidents, road safety measures should be implemented. The law of diminishing marginal returns indicates that as the total investment in a single road safety measure increases, the total return on investment (probability of transportation accident) decreases. Regression analysis is employed to build the relationship between effect (probability of traffic accident) and the cost of a single safety measure based on the limited count data. The expected net benefit, which equals benefit minus the cost of safety measure is given by probabilistic risk model, if the net benefit exceeds zero the corresponding safety measure is identified as cost effective.

Damage detection to urban highway bridge is establishing a prominent role in modern engineering. In this paper, damage localization index called the relative strain energy (RSE) based on the distributed strain response was introduced, and it is employed to validate the effectiveness in locating damage elements by using a FE model of an urban girder bridge under various degrees of damage assumption in the bridge's girder. The numerical analysis results show that the RSE index could locate damage position accurately in early damage of the structure, and they also have an excellent noise pollution resistance performance. Two random excitations were introduced into the analysis of the damage location in before and after damage occurrence, respectively. All of the results are presented in the form of table and graphs.

Gales are the primary harmful influencing factor in settlement observation of the bridge on the Lanzhou-Xinjiang passenger-dedicated railway. This paper analyzes the special climate condition and geological condition of gale and Gobi area and studies the observation scheme in consideration of observation method and section layout method. And the prediction methods of bridge foundation settlement are also discussed. The result shows that in gale and Gobi area, the leveling method should still be the main observation method in bridge settlement monitoring unless the wind reaches above grade 7. The method based on sensors should be selected for areas where gales occur frequently. The stratum of this area is coarse and fine gravel, and the amount of socketed pile observation should be more than 50 percent of the total pier amount. Hyperbola method and index curve method are both high precision methods in settlement fitting. The deformation of bridge in gale and Gobi area after girder erection approaches the stable value, which is small in the shortest time.

The soil mass is disturbed as the double-o-tube (DOT) shield tunnel boring machine advances, leading to ground displacements in all directions. In reality, it is a three-dimentional issue. The DOT section of Contract CA450A, Taipei-Sanchong Section, Taoyuan International MRT Line was selected for the study. The finite element analysis program, Plaxis 3D Tunnel, was introduced to generate a 3D analysis model for the simulation of a double-o-tube shield tunneling. Seven in-situ monitoring sections were selected for the study. The ground settlement and longitudinal deformation behaviors along the tunnel axis was plotted and compared with the ground settlement developed using the in-situ monitoring data and empirical equations. The analysis result demonstrated the feasibility of using Plaxis 3D Tunnel for ground settlement analysis on the construction of DOT shield tunnel. It is hoped that the results will serve as a reference for DOT shield tunnel construction and the experience to pass down to future engineers and researchers.

Under high-frequency departure conditions, buses in general experience a phenomenon known as "bunching," referring to a situation where a few consecutive buses are grouped with short time intervals between them, resulting in higher passenger waiting times. GPS devices, which were installed on BRT vehicles and collect buses' locations every 15 seconds in Urumqi BRT system, provide new opportunities to analyze bus bunching. This paper with the aid of massive GPS data, first, draws the trajectory of BRT vehicles to find that the positions of bunching are stations and intersections. Then, the characteristics of headways at BRT stations were extracted throughout a route. Finally, BRT bunching index, the rate of relative passenger waiting time, was developed with respect to the actual passenger waiting time divided by the ideal passenger waiting time and was represented in the form of a two-dimensional temporal-spatial graph. The research results are meaningful for positioning the bunching and measuring the degree of bunching to relieve BRT bunching.

Electronic toll collection (ETC) is an important part of the intelligent transport system (ITS). This paper first introduces the meaning of ETC, then discusses the composition and the workflow, and finally analyzesadvantages and disadvantages. Saturated headway is calculated by a mathematical model formula to get the capacity of an ETC lane. And through vissim simulation technology, we get the station capacity about different ETC lanes. Finally we describe all of the level of service and provide a reference for setting the ETC lane.

Taking no-signal controlled arterial roads with a lower grade as an object of study, the traffic simulation software TSIS is selected to model and explore the effects of different access densities of minor roads on flow speed and its fluctuation. Based on the model in this paper, the inner relationship between access density and speed variance under specific conditions is achieved. The speed presents little fluctuation with no minor road, but the variance increases sharply to the highest when the arterial road is joined with a single access. As the number of minor roads further rises, the speed variance gradually descends to a low point. Because of the close correlation between speed variance and traffic accidents, it may help traffic planners and road designers to improve the traffic safety.

This paper concentrates on the fuel economy of autonomous vehicle platoons. An autonomous vehicle platoon driving on the highway scenario is studied, the fuel economy of the vehicle platoon is compared with the manual driving vehicles by using simulations. The simulation results show that fuel consumption can be reduced about 9.9% by using the platoon operation, and pollution levels can be decreased by a large margin.

Despite the success of congestion pricing projects worldwide and the growing support from governments and transportation agencies, congestion pricing is still facing strong objection among the general public based on the worries that congestion pricing is inequitable. This paper offers an overview of the literature on the equity issues of congestion pricing. First, different definitions and measures of equity are illustrated. Then, equity effects of congestion pricing are presented. Finally, the approaches to promote the equity of congestion pricing are discussed.

To enhance the utilization efficiency and accessibility of curb-lane bus stops and minimize the impacts on dynamic traffic flow, traffic delay models based on traffic flow wave theory was proposed after investigating and analyzing four curb-bus stops in Nanjing. Those models were used to describe traffic delay in the condition of no-signalized intersections flow, dissipated flow in green times, dissipated flow in a signal cycle, and interactive flow in next signal cycle. Practical examples of vehicle arrivals show that the vehicle arriving characteristic is continuous and interacted on urban roadway affected by signalized intersections flow. A compressional dilatational wave was found near curb-lane bus stops, which has three states of consciousness, expandability, and dissipation. The proposed approach can be applied to describe the delay of traffic delay effectively.

Bus running state is always influenced by traffic flow. Traffic flow state evolution directly leads to the variation of bus speed, thereby affecting bus progress. Some investigations implied that there is a certain relationship between the bus speed and other traffic vehicle speed on the road. However, the relationship is different due to individual forms of road cross-sections, the number of lanes, and the traffic flow characteristics. Based on this mechanism and the forecast of road traffic flow data provided by ITS, a state recognition-based model for travel time prediction is proposed, and three running states are introduced in the model. Finally, the bus travel time predicted by the proposed model are assessed with real-world data collected from bus route number 53 in Wuxi city. Results show that the proposed model outperforms the history data-based model, especially when the bus running state falls unstable; the model achieves satisfactory performance.

Route choice is an important step in travel. When the destination and travel mode is decided, it comes to the decision about which route to take. Before this decision is made, which routes are available and reasonable to be considered has to been known by the traveler, so he or she can make a choice among these routes. In this paper, the labeling approach is checked to see how much it is usable using empirical evidence, which is observed travel from taxi GPS log data. The results show that the labeling approach can account for more than 80% of observed travels, the most frequently chosen route is the fastest one, and the second most chosen is the shortest one in distance.

This paper analyzed the characteristics of individual travel based on GPS data. Due to the lack of traditional traffic information collection methods, this paper used GPS to collect individual travel information. On the basis of GPS positioning principle, this paper established a GPS positioning model. Combined with the model, it analyzed travel characteristics for one individual and multiple individuals within a day. This paper researched travel radius of an individual within a day and studied the moving or static state changing by time. Studying people travel behavior may provide references for urban traffic planning.

This paper has studied the demand and supply of Chengdu's transportation and analyzed the scale of future transportation demand. Then it put forward the passenger transport development direction of Chengdu. By analyzing the data and drawing charts of transportation in Chengdu, it mapped out passenger transportation development direction of Chengdu, which is that for the railway transportation to be the backbone, highway transportation must be the basis. At the same time, all of the three kinds of transportation, namely railway, highway, and civil aviation, should develop in balance to form a perfect transportation system, and each of them should make its advantage stand out. What's more, we should develop a sustainable transportation system and strive to make our transportation energy usage conservative and environmentally protective.

Line-structured light pavement detection has been developed for about two decades, but it is not yet mature because of unstable measurement results. An image-processing procedure based on ROI (region of interest) images is proposed in this study, which includes slight center extraction, connection, smoothing, and the rutting parameter extraction. The light center extraction is the foundation of the entire process. Two extraction methods are discussed in this study, Gaussian method and the gravity method. The Gaussian method can find the light center curve precisely, but the calculation process is time consuming. The gravity method is based on the assumption that the light intensity of the laser line distributes uniformly along the cross-sections, which is a simplification of the Gaussian method and has a high processing efficiency. The light center curve extracted by Gaussian method is considered as the true value to be used to evaluate the accuracy of the gravity method. The result shows that the error introduced by simplification is acceptable, and the gravity method can be used in practice instead of the Gaussian method.

Under the premise of the adoption of a managed floating exchange rate in China, listed companies are facing more and more foreign exchange risk, subsequently embodied in trading risk, accounting risk, management risk, and so on. In the globalization context, the market creates new challenges. The market has seen the influence of the financial crisis and its instability has increased; however, exchange rates' volatility increased, and it is more difficult to predict the change trend. By dividing the foreign exchange risk into accounting risk, transaction risk, and economic risk, we specify the target, process, and methods of foreign exchange risk management. Through the air transportation listed company's solvency analysis, we found that compared with general industry, the industry stands out because its foreign exchange risk is even bigger. Aiming at this situation, we take China Southern for example. By studying its main form of foreign exchange risk and the main means of foreign exchange risk management, we clarify the significance of the foreign exchange risk management. The last part is about summarizing. We put forward the feasible foreign exchange risk management countermeasures for the similar listed company.

Based on the data from Tianjin from 1996 to 2010, this paper applied grey correlation analysis to conclude that among the correlations with port economy, social consumer goods, financial industry, and foreign trade were higher correlated, while freight volume is lower correlated. This analysis also provides effective suggestions on the coordinated development of Tianjin.

By studying the essential relationship between ultimate and serviceability limit states indexes, a method that takes deflection-to-span ratio as evaluation criteria for traffic ability is proposed. Specifically, using the parametric design language of ANSYS, the finite-element model of beam bridge is established rapidly, and the model is modified by analyzing the deflection result. Then using the modified model, simulation experiments are carried out, and the deflection-to-span ratio of bridge under the vehicle load are worked out. Finally based on previous work, a set of evaluation standards is determined and used to evaluate the vehicle traffic on a bridge.

The location method for inland waterway service areas, a new feature with the development of shipping and the demand of crew, is still in its infancy. Through field research and analysis we find that the most urgent requirements for the crew are supply of daily living goods, fuel, water, and information; the average mileages of vessels berthing are normally distributed; and the reasonable distance between adjacent service areas is 30km to 80km. This paper puts forward a location method based on comprehensive assessment. First, forecast the demand for service areas, then screen preliminary options according to the necessary indexes and evaluate the options by secondary location model, and finally optimize the layout and determine the final locations.

Vessel collision avoidance is one of the most important problems of mariners. By establishing the onboard coordinate system, this paper realized the conversion from earth coordinate system to onboard coordinate system and studied the relative velocity and locus of the target vessel in terms of the vessel in question. Meanwhile, we analyzed the case involving three ships and the influence of the hull angle on their trajectories. In addition, this paper sets the closest encountering distance as the goal to be optimized and constructed collision model under the onboard coordinate system. After analyzing time's influence on trajectory, we simulate the respective relative trajectory of each ship in our case study and further worked out the condition for actual collision to happen.

In this paper, the rate of road tunnel accidents, which is largely relevant to some traffic indexes, is represented by the "speed variation" (the standard deviation of speed). Then the studies try to model the relationship between the speed variation and some other selected traffic parameters related to road tunnel traffic safety, such as the traffic volume and traffic composition influences. The road tunnel model and the data deprive from VISSIM software. After establishing a most common road tunnel as a base model, one parameter is varied in a reasonable step and range by keeping the rest index still, and then the equation is regressed between the speed variation and this parameter and by this analogy. Finally, by integrating all factors, the road long tunnel security model is constructed.

Supposing price is influenced by market demand, a two-stage model of multimodal transport has been formed. Through certainty equivalent method, optimal pricing strategies have been worked out under the conditions of decentralized and centralized decision making. This shows that the degree of risk aversion of multimodal transport operators (MTOs) will affect carriers to choose pricing strategies. The degree of risk preference of MTOs will, in a different case, bring influence to the profit of multimodal transport.

This paper presents a measurable method to analyze factors of Cheng-Yu inter-city railway customer satisfaction. According to a questionnaire survey, a structural equation model is built. Then, by using Amos 21.0, this model has been modified and the hypothesis has been tested. It shows that the enterprise image of railway transportation department is the most important, followed by the ticket services and operating quality.

The station is the basic production unit of railway transportation. Sorting capacity of station is an important part of the railway transport capacity. Based on field data, the sorting capacity of south Xichang district railway station during peak period (February), general period (July), and idle period (June) were calculated respectively in this paper by using the utilization rate method. And on the basis of quantitative calculation, qualitative analysis was also completed. In addition, considering the real throughput and sorting demand, three kinds of sorting strategies were proposed. Obviously, each strategy has advantages and disadvantages and adaptability.

This thesis first gives the freight transportation service requirements of intelligent railway. Then it focuses on the analysis of service architecture of the Freight Transportation Management System (FTMS), an RITS-based system designed for freight transportation organization, and classifies the service. According to the service architecture, the logical architecture is designed and the logical hierarchy table is made. Meanwhile, the physical architecture of FTMS is designed. Finally, the developing pattern of FTMS is discussed.

Marshalling station is the key link in a railway network. The two operations, disintegration and marshalling, are the important factors to limit the ability of the marshalling station. According to these two operations, this paper used the BP neural network model to do a simulation on three levels, which are the arrival forecasting, the conditions of disintegration and aggregation, and the generation of marshalling. Finally, we programmed simulations on the Chengdu North Marshalling Station and got the related reference data.

To improve the security of high-speed railway, we need to increase the monitoring efforts of the railway operating environment. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have good flexibility and full scalability in the surveillance and are very suitable for use in the Railway Disaster Prevention Monitoring System to monitor the real-time conditions of the high-speed railway operating environment. However, the Wireless Sensor Network consists of a collection of mobile nodes equipped with energy-limited batteries. The power of the sensor nodes is the major bottleneck for railway disaster prevention and the monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks. Therefore, the energy-saving of sensor nodes and the energy balanced consumption in the monitoring system is very important. Different from the energy-saving features of existing sensor network routing algorithms, this paper proposed a new sensor network clustering routing protocol combining with quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (Wireless Sensor Network Protocol based on Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization, WPQP), which is more suitable for the railway disaster prevention field. Finally, WPQP is modeled and simulated with MATLAB, its performance is compared with the network using PSO and FPSO, and the great availability of WPQP in railway disaster monitoring is proved.

The relationship between intercity rail transit and other intercity modes was analyzed. The paper concludes that intercity rail transit and high-speed railway, railway, and expressway have competitive and cooperative relations; intercity rail transit and aviation, highway have the combined transport relations. A multi-objective nonlinear reasonable division of labor model, which aims to adapt supply and demand and provide the optimal overall benefit, was set up based on travel choice multinomial logit model. The solving algorithm was given. Finally, an example verified the validity of the model.

Marshalling station undertakes much railway hauling work. So improving the whole railway transportation work efficiency depends on improving marshalling stations. According to the characteristics of evaluation indexes, multiple inputs, and multiple outputs, this paper adopts DEA to evaluate the railway marshalling station work efficiency. Instead of the limitation of the traditional DEA method, the DEA cross-efficiency method can rank efficient decision-making units. Moreover, it can improve the reliability and accuracy of the evaluation results.

Automatic fare collection (AFC) is the bottleneck of subway passenger stations. Optimal allocation of the number of gates determines the quality of service at the bottleneck. The existing study, which is led by Metro Design, hasn't taken enough consideration into the randomness of passenger arrival and service time, leading to the inaccuracy of the AFC configuration. This paper is based on the premise of considering the randomness in service time and passenger arrival, in the course of data collection survey; data fitting using MATLAB software; establishing the simulation model and optimizing the experiment by Anylogic software; bring the optimal configuration attained by the optimization experiment and the real configuration into the simulation model; comparing their queue length and the mean time spent in this system; and then finding that this experiment can direct the decision makers to optimize the configuration of the AFC effectively.

The selection of nodes is the first step of regional comprehensive transportation corridor planning and is also a step of vital importance. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the demand of nodes and builds an evaluation index system. Then this paper uses rough sets theory to deal with the index dates, which can determine the weight and avoid the overlap of indexes by attribute reduction at the same time. The optimal order of nodes is calculated based on TOPSIS model to provide the reference for nodes selection and nodes classifying. Finally, this paper shows the algorithm and tests the applicability of the model through case analysis.

Urban public sports facilities are an important carrier of comprehensive function in a city. So the government should develop urban public sports facilities to satisfy the civic requirements to improve public health by sports activities. However, China has the largest population in the world. Especially, China has entered an accelerating period of urbanization at present, and the city has become increasingly crowded. So, it will be a crucial problem how to use the urban public sports facilities efficiently to develop public health, and there are many factors to affect the efficiency to use urban public sports facilities such as spare time, space location, the number of urban public sports facilities, and so on. This paper will only discuss planning on dynamic routing of logistics in urban public sports facilities based on MAS and Dijkstra algorithm theory. Actually, intellectual traffic system (ITS) has been noticed and researched gradually with the development and demand of high technology and traffic transportation. Currently, intellectual traffic system has also become one of the most important studying hotspot, which is tested extensively including for logistics transportation. Meanwhile, geography information system (GIS) has to apply to the traffic transportation if the cost of logistics transportation is to be lowest. With the development of GIS, it is further applied to prediction, planning, and decision making in logistics. In fact, urban community sports depend on development of urban public sports facilities in a way, and it is necessary to use urban public sports facilities thoroughly. So, this paper studies dynamic routing planning in logistics of urban public sports facilities and analyzes the algorithm of the shortest path through the calculation on the basis of GIS and MAS in the region of logistics to the urban public sports facilities. It also draws a conclusion that GIS and MAS can improve efficiency and quality promptly of transportation in the logistics of urban public sports facilities. Furthermore, it also amends algorithm of logistics transportation routing net in urban public sports facilities and provides some valuable suggestions for development of urban public sports facilities based on MAS and Dijkstra algorithm theory.

Since Six Sigma Methodologies was introduced to China, many companies have begun using it to reduce errors, inefficient processes, excessive cycle times, and cost overruns. Applying Six Sigma Methodologies to rural logistics processes can optimize the processes of the agriculture industry. This paper presents a case study to illustrate the application of Six Sigma Methodologies in the process of rural logistics. Specifically, this paper takes the biggest vegetable logistics of Shouguang in Shandong Province as an example to state that the purpose of applying Six Sigma Methodologies to rural logistics processes is to reduce the average cost and streamline vegetable logistics. This paper also shows the Six-Sigma pattern of quality control and points out the differences between Six-Sigma methodology and the traditional management method in the processes of quality control. This paper presents an overview of the Six-Sigma initiative at rural logistics.

Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomerations in Yangtze River upstream area are playing an increasingly key role in the Western Development Strategy of China since the 1990s. Meanwhile an important logistics corridor linking Chengdu and Chongqing has emerged. This paper introduces the feature of the Chengdu-Chongqing logistics corridor and presents a general description of the logistics corridor system. As a social-technical system, its internal operation mechanism of inter-linked subsystems is described. Then the coupling interactions between the regional logistics corridor and the urban agglomerations are proposed to reveal the external operation mechanism of the logistics corridor. It is concluded that the Chengdu-Chongqing logistics corridor has become one of the major forces to promote the regional economic development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomerations by "corridor effects."

The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the influence of storage at high temperature on properties of asphalt rubber. The experimental design for this study included short-term storage stability study and separation of asphalt rubber for long-term storage. Furthermore, the effect of short-term storage of binder on performance of asphalt rubber mixture was involved in the present study. The results of the experiments indicated that the storage at high temperature has unavoidably led to a change in the properties of asphalt rubber. The long-term storage of asphalt rubber at high temperature should be avoided. When the reaction temperature is 180~190°C, the storage stability of asphalt rubber is much better than at other temperatures.

Asphalt rubber chip seal used as preventive maintenance is mostly focused on pavement materials and construction technology, and the effect of technology practical application good or bad depends more on the construction technology; the importance of laboratory test and actual road conditions associated have often been ignored. The key technologies and methods of evaluating laboratory performance need more in-depth study. We need to improve the existing evaluation method of chip seal according to the influence factors of the road performance, such as environmental temperatures, speeds and loads, etc. These factors studying for the wear abrasion performance of the asphalt rubber chip seal are crucial. The self-developed pavement surface abrasion tester "ZJRL-07a" is adopted for performance evaluation. The results show that using this tester, the performance test of rubber asphalt pavement surface material can be better simulated and then we can get a minimum spreading quantity of asphalt and do some optimal designs.

As a common problem in engineering, surcharge loads have a considerable impact on the foundation of adjacent buildings and structures. In a certain section of a high-speed railway in soft soil areas, the horizontal deviation of several bridge piers is found because of the large-area surcharge loads nearby. To analyze the influence of surcharge loads on these bridge piles, this paper computes the horizontal displacement and bending moment of piles by the method of elastic foundation reaction (i.e. m method) and numerical simulation based on the project case. The computed results of m method indicate that the maximum horizontal displacement of pile is situated at the bottom of cushion cap and the maximum bending moment appears 5m below, while these maximum indicators of pile are observed 15m below the cushion cap in the numerical simulation. The numerical analysis also shows that the horizontal displacement and bending moment of the pile that is closest to surcharge loads is greater than those of other piles. Additionally, some measures like unloading and driving high-pressure jet grouting piles are taken to rectify deviation. The numerical simulation shows that, after rectifying deviation, the maximum bending moment of pile top reduces by 20% and the maximum horizontal displacement and bending moment of pile shaft decreases by more than 50%, which has a positive effect on rectifying deviation.

Moving object detection is an important branch and foundation of computer vision; it has extensive application prospects in many fields, such as traffic, military application, industries, and bio-medical, et al., and becomes a hot research topic in computer vision field. Because of its inherent complexity, moving object detection still faces lots of challenges. In this paper, based on the existing research achievements, the methods of moving object detection in dynamic environment are studied deeply, a knowledge-based flexible edge matching algorithm is put forward, and the effectiveness of the proposed matching algorithm in moving object detection is also demonstrated. The research results here can be provided as the reference for target detection and tracking and some other applications.

Plenty of waste residue was produced in the process of strontium carbonate refining, which occupies land and affects the environment severely. With some activity, strontium slag can be used to build road pavement. In this paper, the physical characteristics of strontium slag were analyzed first. Then a reasonable mix proportion of strontium slag cement concrete for low traffic volume road pavement was achieved. Finally, the strength and elastic modulus of the strontium slag cement concrete specimen were tested. Test road of strontium slag cement concrete pavement was build at rural area in Chongqing, China. Long-term performance observation of test road has proved that strontium slag cement concrete pavement can be used widely in low traffic volume road.

In major domestic cities, the development of urban expressway is network oriented. The traffic flow forecasting system is the important prerequisite and foundation for realizing real-time traffic management and control. However, the traffic flow forecasting research is mainly based on highways. Research and application of short-term traffic forecasting for urban expressway is severely insufficient. Therefore, the study of urban expressway flow forecasting is discussed and a short-term traffic flow forecasting system for urban expressway based on k-NN nonparametric regression model is proposed in this study. First, the study analyzes the characteristics and needs of the urban expressway traffic flow, introduces the k-NN nonparametric regression model, and designs the short-term traffic flow forecasting system based on k-NN overall. Then, the short-term urban expressway flow forecasting system based on k-NN is established in three aspects: the historical database, the search mechanism and algorithm parameters, and the forecasting plan. Finally, a short-term traffic forecasting for urban expressway based on k-NN nonparametric regression model is developed in the VS2010 VC++ platform. Utilizing the Shanghai urban expressway section measured traffic flow data, the comparison of average and weighted k-NN nonparametric regression model is discussed and the reliability of the forecasting result is analyzed. Results show that the accuracy of the proposed method, under the five-minute interval, is over 90%, which best proves the reasonableness of the proposed forecasting model based on the k-NN nonparametric model.

Real-world scheduling problems are usually complex and involve many approaches to find sub-optimal rather than optimal solutions using reasonable computing resources. The bus maintenance scheduling problem, which is distributed and dynamic in nature, has received less attention compared with scheduling problems in manufacturing. The characteristics of bus maintenance problems are first identified, then a multi-agent system (MAS) is proposed to heuristically solve the bus maintenance scheduling problem investigated here. The methods for which the model caters for distributed and dynamic problem solving are then discussed. The model is then tested and generates equally optimal solutions to reported studies and requires less computing time without constraint violation and is comparable to the work of a mathematical programming approach. Finally, the advantages of MAS are presented, and further studies are identified.

Frequent lane change behavior at weaving section of signalized intersection upstream may lead to capacity bottlenecks and latent driving danger. To improve this, the influence of traffic sign to lane change behavior is analyzed in the paper. Choosing urban road weaving section as study area and using traffic flow data collected by camera video, the authors analyzed lane change decision point and lane change duration time. The experimental car is tested in the field and drivers get in-vehicle information. Vehicle speed is compared before and after lane change. Lane change decision position is compared between in-vehicle information and traffic sign. The result shows that drivers without in-vehicle information have more difficulties in changing lane, and they are more dangerous in the lane changing process. The research results are meaningful to traffic safety research at weaving section.

The article expounds the importance of urban agglomeration and analyzes the main characteristics of urban agglomeration in China. Combined with analysis of urban agglomeration economic and social impact on traffic demand, the article analyzes several practical problems of road transport in urban agglomeration area in China and puts forward the road transport development needs. It provides the relevant policies and suggestions.

In recent years, China has expanded locks on the Grand Canal by adding a new chamber in parallel to existing ones, aiming to expand the lock capacity and reduce delays. As a fundamental parameter of traffic status related with lock capacity and delay, the arrival distribution at locks must be studied. In this paper, an analysis of the freight vessel arrival distribution is carried out using probability statistics method based on the data observed at Shiqiao lock on the Grand Canal. Poisson and normal distributions are chosen to fit the observed arrival distribution and justified by the chi-square goodness of fit test. The result shows that independent upward arrivals per day can be described by a normal distribution rather than Poisson, and the interdependence downward arrivals per day may not consistently match a certain standard distribution. It is important for the understanding the traffic flow and the planning and design of a new navigational lock on the Grand Canal.

Port State Control (PSC) programmers have been established around the world to implement international maritime safety and security law. Choosing ships to be checked is a part of PSC. A score system to classify risky ships by the weighted-sum model (WSM) method is adopted by Tokyo MOU. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS model) is introduced to improve the ability to find substandard ships. The comparison between the TOPSIS and WSM methods has arrived at two conclusions. First, the values and the potential relations among attributes are considered in the approach of TOPSIS. The WSM only considers the values, and so it is easily affected by some bigger values and losses the right direction. Second, the TOPSIS method is more efficient in taking advantage of the information than the WSM. In our study, under the same limitation of information, the TOPSIS method is more powerful to find the detained ships than the WSM method.

To promote the construction of the railway freightage e-commerce EDI system, the paper designs the system's overall architecture according to railway itself and participating departments' business demand. The paper analyzes railway freightage e-commerce participating departments and their information-sharing needs and determines the core requirements of the EDI system. Then combined with different interconnect modes and their adaptations, the paper studies the overall architecture of the EDI system.

Railway operations are often influenced by geological or climate disasters in mountainous areas. The passenger train operation adjustment optimization model is established based on the ranks of different passenger trains aiming to obtain the whole minimum running time of all the delayed trains in adjusted routes. The method for solving the problem based on dynamic programming is also put forward. The model and its solving method prove valid by the calculation of an example.

The inelasticity of current railway marshalling station classification standards is analyzed, the technique guidelines for marshalling station classification are put forward, the classification of marshalling station is studied by adopting two-step clustering analysis, and the new standard is put forward, which will provide a new approach to the quantitative research of marshalling station classification.

With the rapid development of Chinese railway, passengers have stepped up their demands for railway service. The task confronting the railway enterprises is to relieve passengers' fatigue and offer a high standard of comfort on railway journeys. In response to requests from passengers, a new proposal called Simple Aerobics is put forward in this paper, with its emphasis on the introduction of the concept, the significance, and the characteristics of Simple Aerobics and the elaboration of several practical methods.

Recently, the development of the sports industry and the improvement of comprehensive abilities in China requires a new constructive climax to sports facilities of community sports. It is very important in promoting urban management, fulfilling urban loading function, and promoting communication of sports culture through the whole city to build community sports logistics distribution center location that matches the actual situation of this city. So, selecting the best location of community sports logistics distribution center is very important, and doing so has a lot of factors, including transportation situation, the cost of building logistics distribution centers, the cost of reserving and maintaining equipments and facilities for community sports activities, municipal facilities, tour facilities and post communication facilities etc. So the administrative department must consider the convenience with which the citizen attends community sports. However, with the rapid development of national economy and urbanization process, the traffic stress has become very serious problem. Now, these administrative departments have already taken the choice of community sports logistics distribution center location as critical factors. So, this paper will analyze and discuss how to select the best location of community sports logistics distribution center and try to provide a center location model through the analysis of community sports logistics distribution system and the comparison of traditional community sports logistics distribution method and modern community sports logistics distribution system under electronic commerce based on the logistics distribution center location model, which can be worked out by Excel software and Lingo software etc. The paper will draw a conclusion: community sports logistics plays an important role while citizens attend the community sports exercises; the community sports logistics distribution center is very important to improve the efficiency of community sports logistics distribution system; it might reduce the total cost and shorten the logistics time to construct relative ideal logistics distribution center location model; and the center location model can benefit citizens' health and improve municipal comprehensive abilities.

With the rapid development of economies in China, the demand for automobiles is increasing sharply. There are three ways for finished vehicles to be shipped from manufacturers to dealers. One way is by road transportation. Another one is by water transportation. The third one is by rail freight transportation. Due to the higher transportation fee for road way and limited path of water way, the railway is becoming increasingly attractive for finished vehicle transportation. To achieve the better performance and "zero kilometers" for a new car, a kind of finished vehicle logistics model is provided in this paper. "Zero kilometers" means the buyer gets a car with its mileage less than 1 km.

This thesis analyzes and compares six influencing factors in nine road transportation emergency areas of Sichuan Province by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and sets up nine provincial road transportation emergency centers and 10 assemblies with a quantitative index of rendezvous capability and instruction of rendezvous function, which to some extent form an efficient road transportation resource scheduling network for Sichuan Province so as to make the road transportation emergency capability meet the demands of high speed, efficiency, and strong pertinence.

The article is aimed at existing problems in the current cadres' examination, learned from the successful experience of the previous assessments, analyzed the main characteristics of cadres' assessment, improved the performance appraisal system, and further enhanced the cadres' performance ability. There is great significance for strengthening the cadres' responsibility and improving their quality of work.

First, based on overall consideration of the present situation and main problems and the development direction of Chinese locomotive affair productivity distribution, this paper puts forward the overall objectives and guiding ideology to optimize locomotive affair productivity layout and then draws out the adjustment ideas of optimizing locomotive affair productivity layout. Finally, the paper studies several basic principles in optimizing adjustments of locomotive affair productivity layout and provides the support conditions of our country's locomotive affair productivity layout adjustment work.

Through detailed analysis of control problems in high-speed railway intelligent transportation systems, a distributed hierarchical control method was proposed by blending the factual division of the hierarchical system and the natural division of the distributed control system. This method is based on the hierarchical control theory of large-scale systems and includes three levels: the organization level, the coordination level, and the execution level. The objectives are decreasing the total delay time and increasing the absorption to passengers of the successive trains, a method for train operation adjustment based on multi-agent is developed, and the control strategy based on rules is proposed. The distributed hierarchical control method deals with the train planning, the coordination of trains, and the action control of trains in different layers. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the model and the revised algorithm based on multi-agent compared with traditional control theory.

Through detailed analysis of train operation control procedures of high-speed railway, in view of the present condition of rough set in train operation control, a model of train operation adjustment on the rough set is developed and the steps for obtaining and expressing the train operation adjustment knowledge are put forward. Furthermore, the reduction algorithm of decision-making rules is also improved and the train operation adjustment progress is discussed in detail.

With the rapid development of the logistics industry, the application of information technology such as IOT has become more and more important in complicated logistics business. Particularly, it becomes crucial for professional logistics park to integrate its business processing by virtue of information model via modern IT. So, first of all, some key issues concerning the information modeling of distribution processing are presented. Then, an integrated model of distribution processing is proposed and discussed. Furthermore, some key problems relating to the model are analyzed. Finally, key information modules of distribution processing are given to explain the function of such model applied to logistics park.

It is an inevitable trend for modern logistics to apply IT to better its business processes and operations. So, first of all, the handling management system design plan is presented. Then, the optimized loading and unloading transaction flow is analyzed. In addition, the overall system function structure chart is proposed. Last but not least, based on the entity relationship model, the system database for handing is designed to realize business function.

Through detailed analysis of train operation control procedures for high-speed railway, in view of the present condition of fuzzy neural network (FNN) in train operation control, a new model of train operation adjustment on the FNN is developed. Five levels of fuzzy neural network were built, and its input and output were designed, the weighing and parameters were revised to get different membership function, then corresponding fuzzy rule and could execute fusion decision could be got in the new method. Furthermore, the simulation perception processing of train operation adjustment was completed using Matlab, the mean square error between actual output and experiments output got simulation results that show the validity of train operation control procedure of high-speed railway based on FNN.

The multi-objective evaluation index system of high-speed railway social benefit is established, which consists of four first grade indexes, namely society progress, economy development, traffic contribution, and resources and environment influence, and nine corresponding second grade indexes. Then the quantification method of each index is discussed, and, according to the characteristics of the index system, the AHP-membership function evaluation method is selected. Finally, taking the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway as an example, it is concluded that its social benefit is higher.

This paper studies railway station operating processes, building three aspects of information connection of freight positions, information systems, and freight operation, and helping the railway sections realize freight operation's information integration and meticulous management.

This paper studies the freight transport demands under separation of passenger and freight traffic, analyzes the potential freight market and gets inspiration from it, and indicates four strategies when developing railway freight product as follows: function innovation, formal innovation, structure innovation, and layout innovation. Finally, it analyzes the structure of freight product combination and proposes the combination in the form of a certain line condition and transport ability.

On the basis of the influence of railway dangerous goods emergency command center location on transport safety, the similarity is analyzed between emergency response and heat conduction. By introducing the concept of emergency response, an emergency response and heat conduction calculation model is built for railway dangerous goods transportation according to Fourier Law. On this basis, the result indicates that the emergency response capability of an emergency command center to emergency handling station is proportional to the emergency response gradient and is inversely proportional to the emergency response resistance.

According to construction and layout of the national railway container site, establishing a multi-objective planning function that aims for the largest economic benefits of the railway container system, the largest container direct rate, and the smallest empty boxes' running distance. The paper puts forward new ideas for the railway container trains program.

BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer) is a modern project-financing pattern in the world. On the basis of analysis of the venture resource and structure in BOT projects, fuzzy math and the theory of AHP are combined to present a fuzzy overall evaluation model, which is used in the research of venture evaluation in BOT projects. This model is a method of BOT project risk identification and evaluation, in which subjective and objective analysis are combined.

The paper described the development of road transfer stations for containers and proposed that a small amount of larger-scale road transfer stations for containers exists in China. The demand of road transport of container is becoming more and more large. So the location of the road transfer station of container becomes a critical issue. In this paper, we use the principle of mixed-integer programming to site a location model and then use chaos optimization algorithm for solving. Finally, we use an example to verify the effectiveness of the method.

Railway wagon-flow organization and adjustment are connected and influence each other, solve mainly the problem of departure trains on every route direction in railway networks, and absorb wagon flows by every train flow. The change of railway wagon-flow organization and the problem that needed to be solved in recent years were analyzed. On the basis of previous research, the construction method of space-time network was described on basis of physical network that has already definite traveling time and the two parameters including time and station. The construction of the space-time network based on the characteristic of railway wagon-flow adjustment helps to catch the dynamic characteristic in the course of freight transportation. It laid the foundation for constructing a model of railway wagon-flow organization and adjustment.

This paper analyzes the export business processes of iron sea multimodal transport and the existing problems in the processes and puts forward corresponding suggestions and improvement measures.

Cold patch asphalt mixture (CPAM) is used to repair pavement potholes by many highway maintenance departments for convenience and speed. But the repaired pavement with CPAM soon shows new pavement problems, such as water destruction, rutting disease, and so on, for its bad road use performance. To discuss the influence of CPAM gradation on pavement performance, three types of mineral gradations CPAM are prepared for performance experiments: original strength test, molding strength test, cohesion test, and anti-stripping test. Through the comparison between the inside test and the outer local experiment pavement, the conclusion is drawn that the mineral grade of CPAM has an important influence on pavement performance.

Pipe roof methods are frequently used in tunnel construction. The pre-support method of double-layer pipe roof is one form of pipe roof method. In this paper, combining the project instance, the comparative analysis was completed. Single- and double-layer pipe roof pre-support is used in the design scheme of a large-span micro-arched tunnel in shallow buried soft stratum. First, according to results of excavation monitoring, using back analysis method, the parameters of surrounding rock were defined. Second, the FEA model was established. Using this model the arch subsidence and internal force of initial support and temporary support under three different support forms including single-layer pipe roof form, double-layer pipe roof form, and no pipe roof support form were calculated. The calculation results indicated relative to no pipe roof support, the application of single-layer pipe roof support will significantly reduce internal force of initial support and surrounding rock deformation. And compared with the single-layer pipe roof support, the double-layer ones don't have preferable support effect.

Traffic Congestion Index Evaluation is important for motorists to gain a more accurate picture of changing traffic conditions. The paper puts forward a new concept of traffic congestion index and proposes a calculation method and evaluation criteria based on travel speed. The road congestion is divided into five levels. We evaluated the congestion level by the traffic parameter detected by the detector, which can be a reference for traffic management and travelers.

During the transformation of city road networks, with the change of the local road network capacity and the section nature, road capacity is affected, travel time is changed, and the traveler's route choice behavior changes too. The travel time characteristics under different conditions are discussed based on the basic travel behavior characteristics research during the city road network reconstruction. Mining the state and the relationship between the reliability of travel time, traveler route choice behavior, and road network capacity is studied. The research has value for traffic control and management, especially when city road is being rebuild.

Though the utilization of arrival-departure tracks of marshalling yard has relative independence, it is constrained by sorting and classifying operations and has a close relationship with wagon-flow joining. After describing the case of arrival-departure tracks utilization, a collaborative optimization model for it and for sorting-classifying operations (wagon-flow allocating scheme) was established regarding them as a whole. This problem is a multi-stage decision problem. In the first stage, the need is to find the reasonable wagon-flow allocating scheme; in the second stage, it transforms into an assignment problem for solving. On the basis of the two-stage method, the branch and bound algorithm was proposed for solving the optimization problem about arrival-departure tracks utilization.

Taking the minimum cost of conflict resolution as the reference, a method of train operation adjustment scheme quality evaluation that combines three modules named the status of conflicting trains, train operation conflict prediction, and cost of conflict resolution is discussed. It calculates the train operation adjustment scheme's cost of conflict resolution in future and makes a comparison between different schemes. A "train operation adjustment schemes evaluation system" is developed by hybrid programming of Matlab and Yi language. The simulation results indicate that this system can satisfy the need well.

This study focuses on the comparison of rail station plans in a satellite city that is connected to the urban area by a suburban rail line. Based on the cost-benefit principle, the paper specifically proposes a method for calculating the passenger amounts accessing rail stations by different modes and the related full costs as well. Through this way, it not only solves the problem of evaluating different plans with various riderships, making it feasible to evaluate societal benefits of the suburban line, but also includes the commonly neglected cost of passengers' accessing trip. The new principles are implemented in a common satellite city case that demonstrates that when accessing costs are considered, small interstation spacing plan is preferred with lower full costs.

This paper analyzes the train-water combined transportation port station mixed operation and management model based on dynamic alliance, including mixed operation and management mode of cooperation based on dynamic alliance and the relevant organization structure under the model. And it achieves the analysis of the advantage and disadvantage of the model and analysis of applicable conditions. The paper also presents the idea of the port station operation and management model based on dynamic alliance, through the analysis of basic forms of train-water combined transportation mixed operation and management modes.

Mud spillover between layers is one of the main injuries of CRTS III slab track. Vehicles-line vertical coupling model of the whole car was established in this paper by the finite element dynamic analysis software ANSYS / LS-DYNA, based on the vehicle dynamics and the finite element method of orbital dynamics, linked by wheel-rail relation. The paper established integrated and unit-two types of track models and compared them with indicators of the 200 km/h speed in the design specifications of the high-speed rail, then analyzed the regulations of dynamic performance of inter-city high-speed railway under different range of mud spillover. The results show that the minor disengaging of plates made by mud spillover has little effect on driving comfort and safety. Better to do long-term observations on minor mud spillover places (less than 1.5m) and for serious places especially the width exceeding 1.5m, prompt repair is urgent.

In heavy-duty vehicles under dynamic load conditions city single-pier bridges are usually lacking in lateral instability. The paper proposes the pier beam adopted consolidation bridge structure, used continuous beam bridge and circular cross-section pier beam consolidation independent pier viaduct lateral stability analysis methods, and then compared the two forms of bridge structure of the difference in lateral stability.

As more and more vehicles are introduced into the urban streets every year, traffic congestion has become a serious problem in the urban area all over the world. A desirable strategy to alleviate congestion is to attract more people from private cars to public transit by providing better transit service. Instantaneous and accurate prediction of bus arrival time can reduce waiting times at bus stations and travel time uncertainty, which greatly improves the quality of the transit service. Previously many studies have been devoted to the transit arrival time prediction problem. However, the accuracy of the predictions still needs to be improved. This paper proposes a new methodology that can be used to predict the expected bus arrival times at each bus stop along a service route with an acceptable accuracy. By utilizing GPS data we establish a dynamic model to calculate bus arrival times at downstream stations. This model takes consideration of the variation of travel time during different time periods within a day and different dates. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can obtain bus arrival times prediction within acceptable accuracy.

The dispatching decision of wagon flows in railway hubs is a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem and has relatively high dynamic and effective characteristics needed to design efficient intelligent algorithm. Aiming at the key problem of organization on wagon flows in railway hubs, the model of dispatching decisions of transferring wagon flows at marshalling stations in railway hubs is built. As for the successful application of particle swarm optimization algorithm on combinatorial optimization problem, the improved PSO for solving the model of dispatching decision of transferring wagon flows is designed with the features of this model. Furthermore, an example is given to be verified, and the result shows that the improved PSO is of good effect when solving the problem of optimization of dispatching decision of wagon flows in railway hubs.

With the development of railway transportation technology and speedy expansion of the scale of railway freight transport, the rail freight business scale and handling complexity increase at an amazing rate. To be safe, fast, and effective for transport of goods, the strict and automatic process to check cargo handling conditions is necessary to avoid impact on the transport process. Through the automatic control process analysis, it can really improve cargo handling efficiency, optimize workflow, and save time.

In more than 30 years of reform and opening up, our economy has increased rapidly as has the consumption of mineral resources. Currently China is becoming gradually concerned about the establishment of strategic reserve system along with overexploration and irrational use of resources. Mineral choice is a basic key issue that relates to whether the entire reserve system can adapt to the sustainable use of national mineral resources. So in this paper, we determine indicators' weight using AHP and, according to this, the most important index is "technical difficulty of reserve," to which the government should pay more attention. Then we added these weights into indicator variables of hierarchical clustering analysis to classify mineral reserves more reasonably taking the typical resources as an example, and the obtained result was consistent with the government's macroeconomic qualitative analysis. According to our results, typical mineral resources were divided into four batches for reserving, among these batches coal was taken for granted as the intensive reserve object. And those scarce resources that China have advantage should also be immediately included in the reserve object such as tungsten, tin, and rare earth. To a certain extent, the results can lay foundation for the establishment of a strategic reserve mechanism of mineral resources in China.

China High Speed railway network has a large percentage of slab tracks based on foreign designs like Shinkasen, Bogl, Zublin, and Rheda2000. These have been modified for local conditions and renamed Chinese Railway Track System (CRTS). In this paper, the field performance of CRTSI structure (similar to the Japanese Shinkasen) is analyzed when part of the cement asphalt mortar is broken. The experiment is carried out on the Suining-Chongqing (SuiYu) line where four kinds of trains are running, HXD1C, HXD3C, CRH-1, and SS7. A static finite element model is presented to predict limiting values of CA mortar breakages that are acceptable. Preliminary performance of two resins, SKD801 and SKD803, as CA mortar repair material is put forward because they are found to have significant impact when used. These two products are manufactured by Sichuan Civil Engineering Company Ltd, China.

Focusing on the emergency plans management problem in railway, this paper put forwardan optimization model combining ANP and DEA. The factors affecting decision making in emergency plans include two parts: the factors about experiences and the factors about effects. The first part is used to evaluate the emergency plans before any emergency happens, and the second is to evaluate the emergency plans after the emergency has happened. The evaluation processes is finished by DEA. And ANP is used to calculate the comprehensive weights of the two parts' factors by analyzing the relationships among them. One optimization model is then established containing both the evaluation results and the objective weights. Finally, an example is used to test and verify the effectiveness of this optimization model.

Based on comprehensive analysis of existing research results from home and abroad, in allusion to unique combination of high-speed railway in China basic information, setting mode of comprehensive maintenance skylight of Zheng-Xi high-speed railway was analyzed in this paper. The setting conditions and characteristics of different skylights were comparative, based on which three feasible skylight were selected as the preliminary alternatives. Through the actual investigation study on the transportation organization and comprehensive maintenance of Zheng-Xi high-speed railway, different qualitative and quantitative factors were put forward for an in-depth discussion of the impact on alternative skylights. After that the authors integrated the various factors to carry out fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combined with preliminary skylight alternatives based on the group-AHP method. Finally, the conclusion of opening rectangle skylight at 1:00~5:00 a.m. on Zheng-Xi high-speed railway was drawn.

The high-speed railway dispatching command system is the nerve center of the high-speed railway. The construction of high-speed rail dispatching command system with high reliability is of great significance to ensure the safe operation and all-weather operation of trains. This paper analyzes the collaborative needs of the high-speed railway dispatching system and puts forward the theories and methods of the vertical hierarchical level of the high-speed railway dispatching system coordination, horizontal professional subsystem primary and auxiliary synergy, the cooperation between dispatching stations, and the cooperation between high-speed railway and the existing line command system. It also points out that the coordination of high-speed railway dispatching system organizational structure, feature setting, cooperative control, information exchange and sharing, and other aspects are keys to high-speed railway dispatching system synergy, which provides guidance and technical support to the high-speed railway dispatching theory.

The prominent contradiction between supply and demand of conventional railways has existed for a long time, especially during the Spring Festival, when the number of passenger trains increases greatly, which brings huge pressure to freight transportation. The influence on the prominent contradiction of mixed passenger and freight transportation due to temporary passenger train operation, adverse weather condition, and socioeconomic environment during the Spring Festival are analyzed in this paper, and some measures that can alleviate the contradiction are put forward, such as optimizing locomotive and crew operation, reinforcing marshalling station operation organization, optimizing unloading operation, and so on.

The successful implementation of the charging station network is crucial to the successful implementation of electric buses. In China, large-scale public charging stations that support rapid battery exchanging were applied to adopt the charging demand for electric buses. It is necessary to learn more about the location method for the electric bus charging stations to update traditional traffic planning rules and methods. This paper proposed a study to establish an optimization model for locating electric bus charging stations that intends to solve two problems: (a) where to build the charging stations and (b) the scale of each station. The findings are valuable to assist the construction of charging infrastructures and electric bus applications.

Various factors that influence freeway work zone capacity have been found in recent decades. However, not all factors have great influence on capacity and the influence degree of each factor to the capacity has been given little attention. In this article, grey correlation analysis was used to study the correlation degree of each influencing factor to work zone capacity and thus find the key influencing factors. Then a multiple regression model was established to estimate capacity for work zones, which provided a functional relationship between work zone capacityand several key independent factors. The grey correlation analysis results indicate that number of open lanes, speed, proportion of heavy vehicle, number of closed lanes, lateral distance to the open lanes, work zone length, time of day, location of closed lanes, and grade and intensity of work activities all have high correlation degree with work zone capacity with minimum value of 0.5695.

With fast urban motorization comes a series of urban problems, such as rapid decline of slow-traffic trips. Research and application of slow traffic should keep in step with motorization development. Based on the internal analysis on urban slow-traffic spatial environment, this paper realized the two key points of urban slow-traffic spatial environment's detail designing is about slow-traffic space itself and its facilities, which contains traffic space, access space, leisure space, and parking space, and functional and decorative facilities. This paper also put forward five optimizing approaches and its guarantee methods.

Location and configuration for emergency resources are key problems for emergency management systems. In this paper, risk weight of emergency demand point is proposed. The emergency demand point has bigger risk weight, which was covered with more emergency service points. Considering the reliability of the emergency system, the article proposed the fastest emergency rescue, maximizing meeting emergency needs, and minimizing the total cost as objective functions. Then, the author sets up a model of multi-objectives to locate emergency resources. In the end, the paper gives a numerical experiment to illuminate the efficiency of the model in this paper.

The survey shows that a considerable proportion of road traffic accidents are caused by road parameter-related problems. Now, improving road traffic safety and reducing the rate of road traffic accidents has become quite an urgent problem. This paper probes into factors affecting road traffic safety from the perspective of road parameters, which are divided into two categories based on real road data, namely the main and the secondary ones. In addition, the author also analyzes the relevance between road parameters and the level of traffic safety by using statistical software SPSS. This research provides the basis and technical support for road safety design and also makes suggestions for the improving of road accident-prone sections.

As high-speed railway construction booms in China, the buildings along the rail line have to go through high-intensity seismic mountain zone. Different from the far-field earthquake, the near-fault earthquake possesses more complicated frequency spectrum characteristics. The existing analysis methods such as power spectrum and response spectrum cannot provide more information on spatial time-frequency estimation. However, the local spectrum can depict the average energy distribution of seismic signal at a certain frequency band. Through the wavelet method, the local spectral density of acceleration records obtained from Shifang Bajiao station (Wenchuan earthquake, 2008) is analyzed, and the wavelet vector attached to the predominant band of the local spectrum is reconstructed. By the seismic signal decomposition and reconstruction processing, the wavelet method is seen to have great advantages in analyzing the near-fault ground motions.

The accelerated pavement tests are carried out on filled ruts with the micro-surface technology by using MLS66 pavement accelerated test system to study rut depth change trend of micro-surface treated rut pavement at high temperature. The results show that the rut depth increases faster at high temperature, at the load of 150KN while load times come up to less than 90,000 times. And rut depth increases more slowly while load times come up to 90,000 to 180,000 times. The rut depth increases a little faster while load times come up to less than 180,000 to 300,000 times. In short, the rut depth of micro-surface fulling rutting basically change as fast as SMA pavement.

According to the research of PC steel bar in the track plate of CRTS I ballastless slab track and the analysis of the effect of transverse and longitudinal PC steel bars' fracture with different quantity and in different location, we get the variation regularities of pre-stress distribution, which lay the foundation of the study of its effect on slabs' carrying capacity.

To study the influences on the down-step ventilation of highway gas tunnel in the progress of the up-and-down-steps method construction, three-dimensional models of the tunnel were built and simulated numerically with the software Fluent, which is based on fluid dynamics theory. A comparative analysis of flow velocity under the condition of five different kinds of distance between the air duct exit and down-step face was made. The impact of arrangement form of air duct was further explored. The simulation results show that the progress of individual ventilation would disturb the air particles in the evacuated up step; under the same entry speed conditions, the closer the duct exit is to the down-step face, the bigger the velocity gradient of jet would be there; the arrangement form of duct would cause less effect on the velocity of air particles that are far from the step.

According to the latest research, electronic enforcement could effectively restrain the occurrence of traffic violation and reduce the number of traffic accidents. Although present research results confirmed the important role of electronic enforcement in improving road traffic safety; however, the research on its mechanism of action is not sufficient. Based on the traffic survey, not only the interest-driven mechanism of different driving behaviors is analyzed at signalized intersection, but also the producing and acting mechanisms of electronic enforcement are explained by game theory. The results show that the electronic enforcement has deterrent effect mainly because of the effectiveness and enforcing operation of traffic law. The deterrent effect of electronic enforcement will affect driving behavior in certain time and space and thus restrain the occurrence of traffic violations. The results are helpful to manage electronic enforcement scientifically.

With the modern economic development, the flow of goods increasingly ordinary, transportation costs become a major concern of the transporting party. Many factors affect transportation costs. Here, we refined a factor set and used fuzzy set theory for fuzzy processing. Consider the transport cost of the comprehensive factor indicators changed the transportation costs only considering the case of a single factor. Blurring the price index to reflect the cost of the fuzzy membership and to solve the classical algorithm of the optimal path of application of graph theory and which transport strategy to optimize the table achieve the optimal strategy of the dynamics of road traffic.

Coordinated signal control on arterial streets has been widely used, and effective evaluation can help to optimize the progression scheme. As assessing performance and identifying existing problems are essential purposes of evaluation, an analysis of common traffic problems on the arterial is made and a qualitative relationship between traffic problems and signal control is established. Based on it, a problem-identification evaluating model is formed at two levels of intersection and arterial with multi-goals, under which related evaluation indices are chosen. Weights of the indices are determined separately under saturated and unsaturated conditions using Analytic Hierarchy Process. The method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used, and the membership functions of chosen indices are determined to get the evaluation model. This evaluation model is used in assessing an arterial in Shanghai and has proved practical.

The heavy haul locomotive with self-steering radial bogie is simulated to understand curving performance. In this paper, some conditions such as curve radius, the rail surface state, and traction are considered. The simulated results indicate that curving performance of two types of locomotives is significantly influenced by curve radii. When the curve radius is less than 700 m and the locomotive traction is supplied, flange contact occurs on the lead wheelset in the radial bogie, but the small steering force and small angle of attack together can reduce wheel-rail wear of locomotive on curve. The rail surface state and the traction also have significant influence on the curving performance of locomotive with the radial bogie. When rail surface is in a poor state and the locomotive needs to provide large traction, sanding or other measures are taken to enhance the rail surface friction coefficient.

By analyzing the resistance characteristics of collection rails, this paper put forward a new location method for urban rail transit. In the method, train is regarded as a load. Through the study of the current circuit made up of train and collection rail, the analytical formula and design scheme to realize location method is developed. Three topological structures are compared. By using the current 10 meter maglev train model, the new method is verified and came into use, because of its low cost, easy maintenance, and indoor setting. It can be used as a useful complement to existing train positioning schemes.

There are huge noises of floating slab track in tunnel of urban mass transit, when rail vehicles pass floating slab rail track, and this noise could affect the precision of test results of rail track and tunnel wall acceleration data in certain frequencies, although high-pass filter has been employed as the band of floating slab rail track noises frequency band are 40Hz-80Hz. This work tests floating slab rail track vibration acceleration response of ShangHai Metro line 10. To reduce the effect of floating slab rail track noises on test result of acceleration, multi-resolution decomposition is employed on test data of floating slab rail track by db4 wavelet through wavelet theory. Threshold of wavelet factors are calculated through decomposed data in soft threshold method, and vibration data are reconstructed, by the wavelet factor modified by soft threshold function to obtain vibration data without disturbance of noises produced by floating slab rail track when rail vehicles pass. Test vibration acceleration data and denoised vibration acceleration data are compared in time domain and frequency domain through FFT method and one-third octave band gained from transformation of FFT results to obtain the effect of wavelet denoising method on urban mass transit vibration field test. The result of wavelet denoising indicates that the noises produced by floating slab when rail vehicles pass have relative lower effects on rail and floating slab acceleration test data, yet the effects of on tunnel wall acceleration data are relatively higher. And the noises could increase the acceleration value of test results of tunnel acceleration. Therefore the wavelet denoising method can provide more accurate vibration data, as noise data were mostly erased. With more accurate vibration data, appropriate rail track attenuation form can be chosen to achieve better attenuation effect.

As an important part of the city's comprehensive transportation system, urban road passenger transfer center's distribution takes many forms. Its transfer organization mode has a direct impact on the transfer efficiency and feelings of passengers. To reflect the existing problems of the transfer organizational model directly and provide a theoretical basis and data support for the subsequent improvement construction, based on cellular automata model, this paper considers the repulsive force and friction between pedestrians and combines the distribution form with the influencing factors of these two forces. Taking Changchun Railway Station as an example, we quantify the repulsive force and the friction between pedestrians in existing and optimized transfer organization programs. Through VISSIM simulation software, we can get the entire transfer time of five selected paths. Comparing these research data can come to the conclusion that optimized solutions can improve the passenger transfer efficiency greatly. It has important guiding significance for the following improvement of transfer center in Changchun City.

With the growth of the economy and trade at home and abroad, container transportation plays an important role in the international trade in freight; however, problems of empty container transportation are prominent day by day. For example, empty container transportation quantity keeps increasing and presents a high degree of transport difficulty and rising cost. Empty container transportation determines the degree of utilization of the container and cargo can be boxed and sent in a timely manner, therefore how to reduce the empty container allocation effectively and reasonably organization of transportation have a direct impact on economic efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprise. This paper describes the current situation of the international allocation of empty containers, analyzes the cause of empty reposition, and then comes up with the strategy of reducing empty reposition. First to guarantee the transport of heavy container, according to the relationship between supply and demand of empty containers to establish the transportation problem of linear programming model, to determine whether the requirements ports need to adopt the way of leasing or not and transport quantity of empty containers to each port and the transporting line with tabular method. This way we can reduce the total transportation cost to its lowest point.

To effectively reduce highway operating energy consumption and reduce operating costs under the premise of safe and efficient operations, a large number of energy-saving technologies have been applied in the new energy, energy-saving facilities; energy-saving control technology and energy-saving engineering measures areas that have achieved manifest economic and social benefit. However, the above-mentioned energy-saving technologies are focus on the particular aspect of highway operating energy-saving, and the mutual promotion or restraining effects between various energy-saving technologies are rarely involved. Therefore, these technologies are not integrated in system perspective, which leads to the restriction of the existing operational effectiveness of the mentioned energy-saving technologies. In this paper, the integration and optimization technology of highway operating energy-saving technologies is studied in system perspective, the integration and optimization principles of highway operating energy-saving technologies are provided, and subsequently a Three Hierarchical Integrated Optimization Model Framework (HIOMF) and its implementation algorithm, which integrates the suitability assessment, energy saving assessment, and system optimization evaluation of energy-saving technologies, is given.

As a key component of advanced driving simulators (ADS), visual system (VS) provides more than 80% driving information to drivers in ADS, and therefore, its fidelity and immersion have become the key index that affects the validity of ADS. In this paper, the structure and function of VS is first presented and analyzed, the validation parameters of VS are determined, and subsequently the calibration model of VS is provided. Through the calibration model provided in this paper, the fidelity and immersion of VS can be enhanced, and subsequently the fidelity of ADS can be improved.

A highway transportation system is an organic whole that consists of hardware and software resources that support it respectively. A rational scale and structure of highway transportation system resources should be kept through reasonable allocation, which would promotes its development in a coordinated and highly efficient way, thus meeting the need of cargo's and people's movement propelled by development of economy and society. After a rational establishment of an evaluation index system, this paper applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the resources allocation efficiency of Heilongjiang province highway transport system (2000-2010). The results indicate that with the improvement of scale and structure of Heilongjiang province highway transport system, there was an obvious promotion of resources allocation efficiency in last decade.

As numerous passengers gather in a transfer station, ensuring the safety of the transfer station is of great significance. Through the analysis of the traditional safety evaluation of transfer station and the evaluation index system based on the safety assessment of the changes in passenger traffic of the transfer station, the proposed gray correlation degree evaluation method based on the coefficient of variation empowered is proposed. The method is a variation coefficient method, gray relational degree evaluation method combining method. Empowerment with a coefficient of variation of the evaluation index is an objective method of empowerment and will not be influenced by subjective factors. Gray relevant coefficient evaluation did not ask how much of the sample size and does not need the typical distribution of a small amount of calculation, and for the safety assessment of the transfer station indicators there may be overlapping or related issues such as gray correlation degree evaluation method not be affected. This paper takes the safety evaluation method of combining gray correlation grade analysis and the coefficient of variation method to evaluate the safety of the transfer station. And a transfer station is taken for evaluated. Based on the results of local investigation, conduct the safety evaluation by applying the methods above and obtain transfer station's final evaluation results.

To improve the two major drawbacks of Logit-based traffic assignment model, a stochastic Probit-based traffic assignment model on the base of assuming that the random error of road link utility follows the normal distribution is proposed and the Monte-Carlo algorithm is applied to solve the Probit-based model. During the process of the algorithm, all or nothing traffic flow assignment is taken under normal sampling all the road link random errors, emphasis is placed on the normal distribution variance influence over the traffic flow assignment results. A system optimal quantitative indicator based on minimum OD average cost principal is developed to evaluate the traffic flow assignment result. The numerical example for a small traffic network is used to assess the traffic assignment model and computational algorithm proposed. Results show better traffic assignment can be achieved when decreasing variance.

The electromagnetic suspension system is the most important subsystem in maglev. The feedback of air-gap change rate is very important for the stability of the system. Air-gap change rate can be achieved four ways: using analog differentiator with filters, analog low-noise differentiator, digital differentiator with filters, and digital low-noise differentiator. In this paper, an electromagnetic suspension system is modeled and simulated by Matlab using these four methods. Experiments are implemented using the latter three methods. According to the waveforms obtained from the simulations and experiments, the advantages and weaknesses of the different methods are pointed out. The results indicate that the digital low-noise differentiator is the most relatively economical and practical method in the electromagnetic suspension system.

Compared with the ballasted track, the ballastless tracks of hig- speed railway have higher environmental noise emissions caused by a train running. To predict and control wheel/rail noise radiation due to roughness of wheel and rail running surface on slab track, a model is used to calculate and analyze the influences of railway slab structure parameters on wheel/rail rolling noise. The result shows that the weights of the slab have more influence on emissions of the slab, but have little impact on noise emission of the wheel and rail. Below 500Hz, the greater the weight of the slab, the greater is the noise emission of the slab, but above 500Hz, the greater the weight of the slab, the lower the noise emission of the slab is. The CA mortar elastic modulus under the slab has more influence on noise emissions of the slab, but has little impact on noise emission of the wheel and rail. The greater the elastic modulus of CA mortar is under the slab, the less is the noise emission of the slab. The rubber pads installed under the slab have little influence on wheel and rail noise emissions, but have more influence on noise emissions of the slab. On the whole, the rubber pads under the slab are set to reduce wheel-rail noise, which is beneficial.

With the increase of people's travel demand, comprehensive passenger transport centers are increasingly significant in urban traffic systems. To provide better transfer service for passengers, based on transport modes adaptability theory of comprehensive passenger transport center, this paper introduced data envelopment analysis and synergetic theory. Furthermore, an evaluation model is established based on these two theories and transfer efficiency and synergy evaluation index systems are constructed. Taking Changchun City Railway Station passenger hub for example validation, this paper used the above evaluation model to calculate and analyze according to the survey data of train station in Changchun City. Finally, based on the final calculation results, this paper pointed out the problems of the existing transfer mode and provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent construction of the transfer center.

Starting with the study of the current practice in organizing express freight transportation in the railway industry, this paper discusses express freight transportation organization pattern problems in railway. Based on an analysis of organization forms of domestic and international express freight transportation and the features of demand in China, some new express freight transportation organization patterns are given. Finally, this paper proposes the demand-based organization method of freight and wagon flow.

A double-level, half-closed-loop logistics network was founded for manufacturers' logistics problem in joint ventures, comprising both supply and return channels. And a multi-products, single-period, capacity constraint, mixed integer programming model was presented. Finally a numerical example was used to prove the model's validity.

Water transportation system is a complex person-boat-environment-management system. To improve the overall security of the system, it appears very important to strengthen the early warning management of the water transport system. However, the system's security situations were different under the diverse state, and each influencing factor coupled with others has more impact on overall system security. To deal with incomplete, imprecise, or uncertain knowledge and information's impacts on security warning, the theory of Bayesian Network was chosen to build the multi-factors coupled Bayesian early warning model from the overall system-wide function. According to real-time collection information on national environment, navigation order, and ship operation status, this system can predict the safety status of water traffic in real time to effectively achieve the early-warning function.

Subgrade soils are very important materials to support highways. Current AASHTO pavement design procedures recommend the resilient modulus (Mr) of subgrade soils for pavement design and analysis. It is well known that resilient modulus of subgrade soils is dependent on in-situ state of stresses, moisture content, and compaction ratio. The primary objective of this study is to correlate the resilient modulus of commonly encountered subgrade soils in Shanxi, China with routine subgrade soil properties, which include moisture content, dry density, plasticity index, and stress state using radial basis function based neural network approach. A total of 135 resilient modulus data were obtained using repeated triaxial loading tests. Two group data were used in the study: one for model development and another for model validation. Research results show that radial basis function based neural network is capable of predicting resilient modulus of subgrade soils using routine subgrade soil properties and stress state.

Along with improvement of LED technology, luminescence safety guiding facilities have been applied widely on China's highways, especially in mountainous areas. However, it is difficult to carry out scientific assessment of the application effect. Refer to the program "luminescence safety guiding technology application in Lhasa-Gongga airport highway construction," hierarchy criteria system is created, based on the determination of assessment criteria and weights. According to fuzzy set transformation principle, factors are defined by membership function to create judgment matrixes and then criteria of different layers are evaluated by qualitative or quantitative analysis. Finally, the application effect of luminescence safety guiding facilities is evaluated by fuzzy synthesized judgment.

Travel time prediction is a challenge, especially if we consider urban trips. For freeways, well-known models for traffic flow and speeds are applicable, e.g., based on physical models inspired by hydrodynamic or statistical models ranging from more conventional to more advanced AI (artificial intelligence) approaches; while for urban trips the traffic flow models are more complicated because, next to vehicle-vehicle interaction, the influence of traffic signals must also be modeled. In this paper, a trip travel time distribution model for urban roads with fixed-time controlled intersections is proposed. Based on the proposed model, a trip travel time distribution prediction procedure is discussed, which considers time-varying demand and traffic control schemes. The model-predicted results are further compared with those from VISSIM simulation data. It shows that the proposed trip travel time distribution prediction model can perform well both for undersaturated conditions and oversaturated conditions.

The study is based on the modal strain energy method. Using the basic theory of the modal strain energy method, an index which is suitable for damage identification in girder road and bridge structures can be achieved. In this paper a continuous beam bridge is taken as an example. It is assumed that the structure has damage in different locations and to varying degrees, and the formal five modes of the structure can be obtained through ANSYS software, which is used to perform finite element analysis. The corresponding program composition with MATLAB is used to calculate the damage index. Thus, we can detect the structural damage of the continuous beam bridge. The results show that the damage index based on the modal strain energy method can accurately locate structural damage and quantify the damage level.

Electric multiple units train traction calculating is a basic part of high-speed railway operation and design. To study and develop EMU trains traction calculating system is important for high-speed railway train operation and design efficiency. This paper, based on the business needs, thoroughly carries out analysis and design to the EMU train traction calculation system and focuses on exploring the calculation model of the EMU train traction calculating, EMU manipulation strategies, EMU over-phase calculation, and other problems; puts forward a single particle simplified calculation model; puts forward a combined simplified model of a single-particle model and a multi-particle; and finally develops a prototype system of EMU trains traction calculating system.

With increasing vehicle operation speed and increasing service life, the damages to varying degrees occur on the unbonded pre-stressed steel bar in CRTS I ballastless slab track structure, and the fractured or sprung unbonded pre-stressed steel bars have already been found on different railway lines with ballastless track structure. Thus it is necessary to analyze the dynamic performance of unbouded pre-stressed steel bar in CRTS I ballastless slab track under train load in terms of time domain and frequency domain, including its force and deformation features. In this paper, based on the modal analysis, the relationship between impacting frequency induced by train load and natural frequency of unbounded pre-stressed steel bar is found. And with the application of ANSYS/LS-DYNA explicit dynamic analytical software, the vertically coupled vehicle-track system calculation model is established to evaluate the indexes indicating the dynamic performance of unbounded pre-stressed steel bar in service like additional stress at various vehicle operation speed. The results show that the dynamic response of the steel bar is the most severe at the vehicle speed of 160km/h, but it cannot result in fracture. The action of train load is not the direct cause leading to the fractured unbonded pre-stressed steel bar.

Weekend travel is less restricted temporally or spatially, which gives weekend travelers greater freedom of decision making, leading to more diverse individual travel behavior. The ever-increasing proportion of people traveling by private cars leads to the centralized traffic volume in districts surrounding prosperous commercial centers, tourism spots, and large comprehensive transportation hubs, which especially intensifies traffic congestion in such areas. In this paper multinomial logistic regression model estimates are presented to analyze the weekend travel behavior mechanism of influencing factors and master the needs of transport service for weekend travelers and identify key determinants in origin and destination transport service level. According to the influencing factors of origin transport level of service, the evaluation model of service level of origin transport system is constructed based on grey system theory. And then we propose the targeted improvement measures and analyze the sensitivity and effects of the transport measures. The results provide a theoretical basis for weekend transport management policies and measures that improve weekend transportation organization and services in the future.

Integrated views with both procedure-oriented and object-oriented, this paper proposed a traffic demand forecasting method suitable for auto parts industrial park considering the production location besides mixed traffic characteristics based on the traditional four-step mode. The framework and steps of the traditional four-step mode was first improved. Traffic volume calculation method for the park staff travel and induced traffic estimation method caused by production freight transportation are respectively given. Furthermore, the trip distribution characteristics were analyzed with the production location and the trip distribution matrix of the traffic zones was modeled and solved by principle of probability model. The traffic assignment model is based on the relationship of the "path-turn-link" and is proposed to improve All-or-Nothing Network Loading Algorithm on the shortest path. The research suggests this forecasting method can reflect a great influence of the production location on traffic impact assessment of auto parts industrial park so as to enhance the accuracy and rationality of traffic demand forecast results for it.

Most container line companies store their empty containers in depots outside of container terminasl. The storage level of empty containers in depots and the location of depots can not only significantly affect the cost of container reposition between terminal and depot, depot and depot, depot and shipper or consignee, but also the cost of storage and quality of customer service, all important to the operation of container line companies. The paper presents a model to minimize the cost of repositioning empty containers. Different from other literature, the effect of freight forwarders on empty container reposition was considered in the model. To test the effect of the model, it was used in Qingdao Qianwan container terminal and depots around the terminal. The result demonstrated that the model reduced the cost of empty container repositioning.

The shortcomings of existing studies on the optimal location model of emergency resources and characteristics of multi-objectives on location were analyzed. The dynamic characteristics of emergency needs were considered. And there are three main objects: the maximum of emergency rescue efficiency, minimum of construction cost, and fairness of emergency rescue. Based on the above, a multi-objective emergency resource location optimization model was proposed to optimize the positions of supply centers and their scale. The assumptions and constraints of the model were clarified. In view of the different emergency needs of various disasters, the proposed basic model was improved. Basic efficacy coefficient algorithm and unit cost utility algorithm were proposed to solve the model. An example was used to verify the model and algorithms. The result of the experiment behaved rationally, giving credibility to the location optimization model.