Comprehensive Effect of Land Transportation Environmental Conditions on Traffic Safety

Land transportation includes railway, highway, and waterway transportation. It has a important effect on economic development and people's daily life. With the increase of volume of freight and passenger of transportation year by year, it is more than 98% of the total volume accomplished by the land transportation in China by the end of 2012. At the same time, land transportation accidents are still a serious problem. In the number of Chinese traffic fatalities, land transportation accident deaths account for more than 75% of the totals. Generalized transportation accidents not only include the damages of transportation facilities and equipment, casualties, but also the damages and metamorphism of transportation freights. According to the theory of traffic safety, traffic accident has three factors, the people, transportation vehicles, and transportation environment respectively. Transportation environment has effects on both people and vehicles, and presented by the transportation methods (human behavior) and transportation load parameters. First, this paper analyzes the characteristics in different transportation modes and the various operations experienced in the process of land transportation. Second, this paper analyzes the various specialties of environment climate conditions in land transportation, including temperature, humidity, solar radiation, salt fog rain water, iced snow, and the parameter range in transport process, such as velocity, impaction, vibration etc. Finally, the comparative analysis results of the above parameters in different environmental conditions on the safety effect of land transportation object is given.