Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering

Although roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) has been considered the most popular among its counterparts, it has not been widely used due to a number of reasons. The most dominant reason is the variability in mixture proportioning methods and material selection considering its unique behavior compared to conventional concrete mixes. Therefore, the present paper focuses on the above-mentioned parameters by critically reviewing the literature over the past four decades (1984–2021). Initially, the influence of conventional and recycled waste materials on the fresh & hardened state behavior of RCCP is reviewed in detail. Subsequently, the potential applications of various mineral & chemical admixtures and the different types of synthetic and metallic fibers for performance improvement are discussed. In addition, this study has critically appraised various mixture proportioning methods ranging from conventional concrete approaches to empirical, semi-empirical, and theoretical methods for RCCP. The study concludes by noting that all considered materials (alternative aggregates, chemical & mineral admixtures, and fibers) could be used to produce high-quality RCCP; however, an optimal proportion must be prudently selected. Consequently, RCCP could be effectively proportioned by adopting solid suspension, optimal paste volume, and gyratory compaction methods. In addition, it is observed that the strength of the RCCP is related to the aggregate-cement ratio (A/C), water-cement ratio (W/C), and coarse-sand ratio (C/S); the A/C ratio shows an inverse relationship with strength, whereas a mixed behavior between W/C and strength was found. Nevertheless, RCCPs having a vebe time, A/C ratio, and C/S ratio in the ranges of $30–50\mathrm{s}$, $5–8$, and $1–1.4$, respectively, could be used for the surface course application of pavements.

Corrosion of steel in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures exposed to the marine tidal zone is a severe durability problem. This study used several indices related to moisture and chloride penetration into concrete to assess corrosion initiation severity in the tidal zone. A chloride transport model for simulating chloride penetration into concrete exposed to tidal wetting and drying is developed in the present study. The model was validated with published experimental results from three different studies. The simulated moisture and chloride profiles in the tidal zone were characterized using moisture and chloride penetration indices identified from the existing literature. Correlation between the moisture and chloride penetration indices was explored. A comparison was drawn between the penetration indices evaluated using two different tide models: (1) the conventionally used diurnal tide model, and (2) a more realistic superimposed tide model. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was carried out to understand the influence of various model parameters on the penetration indices. Results of the study revealed a reasonable correlation between the chloride concentration peak–related indices and the moisture penetration indices in concrete. However, the chloride threshold depth–related indices did not correlate well with the moisture penetration indices. The proposed superimposed tide model gave more realistic and conservative predictions of the penetration indices than the conventionally used diurnal tide model. The models and data presented in this study facilitate a more realistic prediction of corrosion initiation time in the tidal zone.

Research on waste tire pyrolysis carbon black (PCB) in bitumen mixtures indicates that it has excellent high-temperature rutting resistance; however, the degradation of low-temperature crack resistance and water stability of PCB-modified asphalt limits its wide application. Therefore, the low-temperature crack resistance and water stability of PCB-modified hot-mix asphalt (HMA) were enhanced by addition of waste chicken feather (WCF). Based on the response surface methodology (RSM), a variance analysis (ANOVA) and $P\text{-}\text{value}$ test of the model response coefficient were carried out, and the performance prediction models of percentage air voids (VV) in bituminous mixtures, 30-min Marshall stability (MS), and 48-h MS were obtained. The interaction effects of different independent variables on response variables were analyzed. In addition, the optimal solutions of multiresponse variables obtained by the response optimizer were 0.20% PCB content, 0.36% WCF content, shearing time of 5.78 min for WCF, and 6.66% asphalt–aggregate ratio. The corresponding performance index prediction values were 4.00% VV, 12.80 kN 30-min MS, and 12.65 kN 48-h MS. The road performance test results demonstrated that incorporating WCF improved the high-temperature rutting resistance, low-temperature crack resistance, and water stability of PCB-modified hot-mix asphalt. This study provides a precise performance prediction model for adding PCB and WCF to HMA.

At present, there is a lack of good sampling technology and methods for sandy gravel soil. The sampling quality of sandy gravel soil directly affects the accuracy of important parameters such as soil shear strength, compression modulus, and compactness, and then affects geotechnical design and engineering stability evaluation. A method of sampling superficial undisturbed sands is proposed. The method uses a temporary cementing agent that enables the study of the physical-mechanical properties of sands, mitigates disturbance, and reduces the high failure rate associated with traditional sampling techniques. The mobility and volatility of menthol were investigated, and the viability of menthol as a temporary cementing agent for undisturbed sands was assessed. Based on the single-factor analysis of variance method, the effect of menthol on the change of shear stress and void ratio of sand was verified. Soils cemented with menthol were sampled and the menthol was evaporated. Computed tomography imaging was used to investigate the effect of menthol on particle movement, porosity, and the morphology of particles within sands. The results show that menthol has little effect on the porosity of the soil or the morphological indexes (size, shape, and angularity) of particles. Moreover, the porosity and morphological indexes were significantly correlated. The use of menthol is an innovation that improves current sampling methods for undisturbed sands, the design of geotechnical studies, and soil testing.

Magneto-induced rheology control is beneficial to overcome the opposing property requirements in different construction processes. The viscoelastic properties of paste medium have great effects on the movement and distribution of magnetic particles when applying an external magnetic field and thus the degree of the rheological response. In the present research, the effect of (total) solid volume fraction ${\varphi }_T$ on the magnetorheological (MR) response of ${\mathrm{nanoFe}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$ incorporated cementitious paste, represented by the early structural build-up is experimentally investigated. Cementitious pastes with various solid volume fractions are achieved by changing the water-to-cement ratio ($\mathrm{w}/\mathrm{c}$) of the paste medium while the ${\mathrm{nanoFe}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$ concentration remains unchanged. Results reveal that cementitious pastes with extremely low solid volume fractions acting as a dilute suspension show an insignificant increase in stiffness after applying an external magnetic field of 0.5 T, possibly due to the high surface to the surface separation distance between cement particles. Both the magnetic force between neighboring nanoparticles and the viscoelasticity of the suspension increase with increased solid volume fraction. At moderate solid volume fractions (e.g., $0.3<{\varphi }_T<0.45$), the formed magnetic clusters fill the voids between cement particles and thus increase the stiffness of the cementitious paste significantly. At relatively high solid volume fractions, despite the high magnetic force between nanoparticles, the dense particle packing limits the formation of magnetic clusters, and the MR response becomes indistinct. For the used cement and $\mathrm{nano}\text{-}{\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$ particles, the suitable $\mathrm{w}/\mathrm{c}$ of cementitious paste with pronounced MR response is in the range of 0.4–0.5.

Coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) and coal gasification fine ash (CGFA), both of which are composed of inorganic oxides and unburned carbon, are the two solid wastes produced in the process of coal gasification. However, the utilization of CGCS and CGFA in cement and concrete is greatly limited due to the existence of unburned carbon. After the unburned carbon is removed, CGCS and CGFA can be used in cement-based materials as supplementary cementitious materials on a large scale. This paper studied the influence of decarbonized CGCS and CGFA on hydration heat, setting time, and compressive strength of cement paste. The experimental results show that replacement of cement by CGFA delayed the time of the maximum exothermic peak, and replacement of cement by CGCS greatly reduced the peak value of the maximum exothermic peak; hence, it is revealed that both CGFA and CGCS had a retarding effect on the setting time of cement paste. Moreover, the pozzolanic activity of CGCS was lower than that of CGFA according to the dissolution property in the alkaline solution and compressive strength of cement mortar. Furthermore, the fineness of CGFA particles showed a harmful effect on the fluidity of fresh cement binders, but the fineness of CGFA particles had a positive effect on the pozzolanic activity and thus is beneficial to the strength of cement mortar.

This study investigated the durability performance and microstructural changes of fly ash–ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymer mortar (GPM) made with different sand-to-binder ($S/B$) ratios and subjected to sulfate and acid environments. The durability performance of GPM in terms of visual observation, change in weight, and change in compressive strength was investigated after exposure to 6% ${\mathrm{Na}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$, 6% ${\mathrm{MgSO}}_4$, $0.62\mathrm{mol}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$, and $0.62\mathrm{mol}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{HCl}$ solutions for a period of 26 weeks. The weight gain percentage of the GPM mixes exposed to sulfate solutions decreased with an increase in GGBS content, whereas the weight loss percentage of the mixes exposed to acid solutions increased with an increase in GGBS content and $S/B$ ratio. GPM made with lower GGBS content, i.e., 15%, had the maximum gain and the minimum loss in compressive strength when exposed to sulfate and acid solutions, respectively, which is in line with the variations in peak intensity of aluminosilicate gels from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and elemental ratios obtained from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. GPM mixes made with a higher $S/B$ ratio (2.5) performed better in offsetting the loss in compressive strength in sulfate and acidic environments. The results of XRD, EDS, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses showed more formation of gypsum in GPM made with a higher GGBS content when exposed to sulfate and ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ solutions. The atomic Na/Si ratio, Al/Si ratio, and Ca/Si ratio obtained from EDS analysis indicated comparatively better stability of geopolymer gels in the mortar made with lower GGBS content when exposed to acid solutions.

This study focuses on the development of a thermodynamic model to individuate the increment of temperature generated by the addition of quicklime as an active filler in cold recycled mixtures (CRMs). CRMs are increasingly popular mixtures primarily composed of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and produced at low temperatures. CRMs are composed of RAP aggregates, an asphalt stabilizing agent (emulsified or foamed asphalt), fillers and active fillers (traditionally cement or hydrated lime), and water. One of the main limitations of CRMs consists of their workability that requires high air temperature. For this reason, the construction season for the application of cold recycling technologies is usually limited to summertime, especially in colder areas. A solution to this limitation is the use of quicklime as an active filler in the mixture. As shown by previous research, calcium oxide causes an exothermic reaction with water generating heat and increasing the temperature (20°C–25°C) of the entire mixture. This paper presents a thermodynamic model to identify the temperature increase and its evolution during preparation and transportation to the site of CRMs. The scope is to individuate the correct procedure to identify the most suitable application rate of quicklime in the mix design in order to reach the desired CRM temperature and workability.

A metamaterial is an engineered material made by embedding engineered cores (heavy cores coated with a soft coating) into a matrix, which generates bandgaps such that stress waves with frequencies falling into the bandgaps can be mitigated. Metaconcrete made by embedding engineered aggregates into a mortar matrix can be used to attenuate stress waves generated by blast loads. This study presents a method for determining the metaconcrete bandgaps and designing a metaconcrete unit cell by using commercially available software to achieve the desired bandgaps. The dispersion relation of metaconcrete unit cells was investigated. With the designed configuration, the performance of metaconcrete rod structures under blast load was studied by using a software simulation. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the designed unit cell with the selected soft coating and heavy core in mitigating blast-induced elastic and nonlinear inelastic stress-wave propagation. The responses of metaconcrete rod structures with one type of unit cell and grouped two types of unit cells with multiple bandgaps subjected to blast load were also studied. The results show that the grouped unit cells with multiple bandgaps led to better performance in wave mitigation than only one type of unit cell in the example metaconcrete rod structure.

This study examined a method to improve the water stability of macroporous polyurethane mixtures. Poor water stability of these mixtures has become an obstacle to their popularization and practical application. The water stability of asphalt mixtures can be significantly improved by adding a silane coupling agent (SCA), but the application of this method to polyurethane mixtures has not been researched. Therefore, this study investigated the addition of an SCA to polyurethane to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the polyurethane and the aggregate, thereby improving the water stability of the target macroporous polyurethane mixture. To achieve this aim, two SCAs, KH550 and KH560, were selected, and the change in the bond strength of polyurethane with 0%–4% SCA content was analyzed. The results were then compared and verified in accordance with surface free energy theory. The influence of the SCA on the water stability of the macroporous polyurethane mixture was verified by performing an immersion Marshall test, freeze–thaw splitting test, and immersion Cantabro loss test. Additionally, the effects of SCA on the high-temperature performance and skid resistance of the macroporous polyurethane mixture were analyzed by performing rutting and skid-resistance tests. The results revealed that the bond strength of polyurethane initially increased, and then decreased, with increasing SCA content. The effect of KH550 on bond strength was significantly greater than that of KH560, because KH560 does not react with polyurethane. Thus, according to the bond strength results, the recommended SCA was KH550, and the optimal SCA content was 2%. The immersion Marshall and freeze–thaw splitting tests were determined to be more suitable for evaluating the water stability of macroporous polyurethane mixtures than the immersion Cantabro loss test. Compared with the ordinary macroporous polyurethane mixture, the tensile strength ratio and residual stability of the modified mixture with 2% KH550 were 35% and 12.4% higher, respectively, indicating that the addition of KH550 significantly improved the water stability of the macroporous polyurethane mixture. Additionally, the tensile strength ratio results were found to be consistent with the surface free energy theory. Furthermore, the addition of KH550 slightly enhanced the skid resistance and high-temperature performance of the macroporous polyurethane mixture.

Binder aging significantly affects the overall performance of asphalt pavements. For polymer-modified bitumen (PMB), this complex phenomenon is attributed to both polymer degradation and bitumen aging. This study aims to analyze whether the aging of hybrid PMB—combining styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and recycled linear low-density polyethylene (RLLDPE) from waste plastic—is a result of bitumen aging, polymer degradation, or both aspects simultaneously. To further understand the aging process as a function of time, five different PMBs were subjected to long-term aging simulation using a pressure aging vessel (PAV) at three different durations (20, 40, and 60 h). SBS and RLLDPE (polymers only) were also aged under similar conditions, in order to isolate the polymer degradation from the bitumen aging. Tensile strength tests revealed that SBS is susceptible to polymer degradation and improves its elastic response as a result of aging. However, the tensile test results did not indicate whether RLLDPE underwent degradation. Results from the thermal analysis showed that RLLDPE did not significantly change the thermal events as the aging progressed. Hence, RLLDPE is assumed to have minimal degradation when subjected to long-term aging. Infrared spectroscopy results indicated that SBS underwent degradation, with aging promoting carbonyl formation, which is associated with bitumen hardening. Rheological results indicate that bitumen aging, due to thermal oxidation, is dominant compared to polymer degradation; as such, polymer degradation has minimal effects upon bitumen hardening.

Mortar–concrete expanded piles are a new type of composite pile. Understanding the shear transfer characteristics of the mortar–concrete bonded interface plays an important role in the design and analysis of mortar–concrete expanded piles. The direct shear test study mainly focuses on the influence of different cement mortar strengths and normal stresses on the shear behaviors of the cement mortar–concrete interface. The experimental results showed that the peak shear stress at the mortar–concrete interface is strongly related to the bond strength of the interface. The interface residual shear stress is essentially the frictional stress, which is related to the normal stress and interface friction coefficient. Before the peak stress is reached, the influence of the normal stress on the interface behaviors is not substantial. In addition, sudden bond failure of the interface can occur. A calculation model of the cement mortar–concrete interface is proposed to simulate the experimental behaviors, including the trends of the variation in the shear stress with the change in the shear displacement and the behaviors of the shear stiffness, peak shear stress, and residual shear stress. The comparison of the estimated curve with the experimental curve indicated that the model can describe the load-transfer mechanism with sufficient accuracy. This study is of great significance to the wider application and development of mortar–concrete expanded piles.

Cold-recycling technology with foamed asphalt is used widely because it has the incomparable advantages of environmental protection and resource conservation. In this study, cold-recycled mixtures with foamed asphalt were prepared with different gradation types, mixing water contents, and curing times to study the distribution characteristics of residual moisture. An optimum foaming water content of 2.5% and foaming temperature of 165°C were determined for producing the foamed asphalt that was used for the cold-recycled asphalt mixtures. Hyperspectral imaging tests and spectral processing technology were used to obtain the image information and spectral information of residual moisture from 44 specimens; the moisture content of all specimens ranged from 0.25% to 4.70%. Pseudocolor-coding technology was utilized to realize visualization of moisture distribution. In addition, the residual moisture content prediction model was established based on the partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model. Correlations of the residual moisture distribution characteristics and moisture damage resistance evaluation indicators were developed. The residual moisture distribution characteristics and moisture damage resistance are affected significantly by aggregate gradations, mixed water content, and curing time. After 3 days of curing, the strength of the recycled mixture tends to be stable, and the moisture damage resistance can reach the specification requirements, and is suitable for open traffic. It was confirmed that there is a certain correlation between the internal residual moisture content value distribution range and the moisture damage resistance of the cold-recycled mixtures with foamed asphalt. This study could contribute to a better application of cold-recycled asphalt pavement for environmental protection and carbon stabilization.

G20Mn5QT cast steels have been widely used in cast steel connections, which may suffer from ductile fracture at ambient temperature. Northern climates make the problem even worse because the ductility of the cast steels deteriorates with the drop of temperature. For ductile fracture analysis of cast steel connections working at low temperatures, Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) models were calibrated and validated for G20Mn5QT cast steels at 20°C, $-20°\mathrm{C}$, $-40°\mathrm{C}$, and $-60°\mathrm{C}$ based on previous test results. The effects of the drop of temperature on material parameters in GTN models of G20Mn5QT cast steels were determined. A simplified strategy was proposed to address the effects of the drop of temperature by two GTN parameters, the void nucleation strain ${\epsilon }_N$ and the critical void volume fraction $f_c$. It was found that ${\epsilon }_N$ decreased almost linearly with the drop of temperature, and $f_c$ had a similar relationship with the drop of temperature as the Charpy impact energy. The relationships between these two parameters and the drop of temperature were presented for the establishment of GTN models for G20Mn5QT cast steels at any possible low temperatures. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs indicated that the dimple-based ductile fracture mechanism was dominant in the fracture of G20Mn5QT cast steels, which was accompanied by possible quasi-cleavage fracture at low temperatures.

In view of environmental concerns and rising price in pavement materials, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in asphalt mixtures has gained in popularity recently. However, the aggregate dispersion uniformity of reclaimed asphalt mixtures is difficult to be evaluated due to its complex material composition. In this study, a new method of square region division was adopted based on the digital image processing (DIP) technique for evaluating the aggregate dispersion uniformity. The shear gyratory compactor (SGC) specimens of reclaimed asphalt mixtures were prepared and then cut into six horizontal cross sections. A digital camera was used to photograph each cross section. After obtaining the cross-sectional images, the microstructure of the asphalt mixtures was extracted by DIP technology, including background trimming, image enhancement, threshold segmentation, and image morphology. The inscribed square within the image was selected and equally divided into sixteen unit grids. Based on the normal distribution function of area ratio of aggregates to each unit grid ($P_i$ value), the probability of $P_i$ value happening in specific range was proposed as a dispersion uniformity index (DUI). The effects of RAP content, RAP agglomeration, and asphalt type on the aggregate dispersion uniformity were taken into account in the laboratory experiment. The results show that the square region division method is validated to be effective and the proposed index can well reflect the variation of aggregate dispersion uniformity under different test conditions. The RAP agglomeration shows an adverse effect on the aggregate dispersion uniformity. This effect becomes greater as the increase of RAP content. Nevertheless, a significant improvement in the dispersion uniformity of aggregate can be acquired with the replacement of virgin asphalt by foamed asphalt.

In a bacteria-based self-healing concrete system, it is generally necessary to protect the bacteria from the harsh conditions of high alkalinity inside the concrete and limited physical space due to the on-going hydration of cement. The artificial functional aggregates (AFA) were developed as the protective carrier of bacteria in this paper. Self-healing capability of mortars containing AFA encapsulated bacteria was investigated. Moreover, crack-healing products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that AFA encapsulated bacteria effectively promoted self-healing of cracks. Compared with control mortars, the effects of surface crack healing, internal crack healing, water tightness regain, and mechanical performance recovery of mortars with AFA encapsulated bacteria were significantly improved. Healing products in specimens with AFA encapsulated bacteria were observed, including ${\mathrm{CaCO}}_3$, C-S-H gel, hydromagnesite, and ettringite. Among them, the main healing product was ${\mathrm{CaCO}}_3$, which was not only formed on the walls of shallow cracks, but also largely deposited on the walls of deep cracks. Self-healing of mortars with AFA encapsulated bacteria can be attributed to the combined effects of chemically derived calcium carbonate, microbially induced calcium carbonate, on-going hydration of unhydrated cement particles, and pozzolanic activity reaction of the slag from AFA.

Bacteria-based self-healing concrete with simultaneous application of calcium lactate as bacteria precursor, and metakaolin as cement replacement, was investigated to observe its behavior under inappropriate environmental conditions and microstructural change. Samples of weight loss, compressive strength, stereoscope photography, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging were studied after water curing and acid immersion. Increase in the compressive strength due to the addition and increase in the amount of calcium lactate and decrease of compressive strength by presence of metakaolin were observed. Application of calcium lactate and bacteria in the concrete with metakaolin decreased strength reduction and even resulted in a higher strength than the ordinary concrete. Metakaolin was effective to improve concrete resistance against acid attack. However, the concomitant role of calcium lactate as a precursor for bacteria in concrete that led to surface crack healing, even after 1 year, with metakaolin as a cement replacement component, can be supportive to produce a durable biofriendly concrete.

The modified boiling test based on image processing has gained significant attention in recent years, aimed at replacing subjective visual observation with an objective measurement. However, there are still some unsolved problems influencing the accuracy of the test such as the shadow between aggregate particles and the selection of threshold values for binary image conversion. Based on these challenges, an innovative modified boiling test procedure based on digital imaging has been successfully developed for the purpose of rating asphalt mix ingredients via moisture susceptibility. The new method focuses on a single piece of aggregate with a newly cut smooth surface, and then the aggregate coated by asphalt is subjected to the boiling test. Changes to the thickness of the asphalt coating on the fresh surface before and after boiling can be captured indirectly by digital images and reflected by the changing average grayscale values. The experimental results of 20 asphalt-aggregate combinations clearly showed the moisture damage resistance of different samples and the effect of liquid antistripping agent. In addition, the test results correlated well with energy ratios based on the surface free energy measurements of asphalt and aggregate. A decreased stripping rate over time were also observed for all samples and no significant stripping was found after 90 min of boiling. The selection of a suitable boiling time is critical to the accuracy of the test, which can be determined by trial-and-error methods. The proposed modified boiling test avoids the disadvantages of previously developed methods and provides a quick way to evaluate the asphalt mixture ingredients by moisture susceptibility, making it possible to test a large amount of samples within a short period of time. The new method can be used to generate an initial selection of asphalt-aggregate combinations in place of the surface free energy method.

This paper presents the potential of scrap tire in controlling the onset of instability of sand in the constant shear drained (CSD) stress path. A series of triaxial tests in the constant shear drained stress path was conducted on the sand and sand––tire chip (STCh) mixtures. All the tests were performed following the conventional consolidated drained (CD) test up to a predefined deviator stress (onset of CSD). The CSD test then was carried out on samples at the onset of CSD by reducing the confining pressure while maintaining the deviator stress and backpressure constant. The effect of different deviator stress ($q_{\mathrm{CSD}}$), initial mean stress ($p_o^{\prime }$) levels, and tire chip content (TCh) on the onset of instability were investigated. The instability of sand and sand–tire chip mixtures was determined based on the decrease in the constant deviator stress ($dq<0$) and second-order work criteria ($d^{2}W<0$). Both approaches were found to be consistent in determining the onset of instability of STCh mixtures. The onset of instability of sand is influenced by the TCh content and $q_{\mathrm{CSD}}$. On other hand, a unique value of $p_f^{\prime }$ was found for different values of $p_o^{\prime }$. The optimum performance in controlling the onset of instability of sand was found for $\mathrm{TCh}=20\%$ for the tire chip considered in this study. The mobilized effective friction angle also exhibited improved performance for TCh = 20%. In addition, the modified state parameter had good correlation with the mobilized effective friction angle in the CSD stress path.

The worldwide move to the utilization of sustainable/green materials has motivated the drive for the use of different supplemental materials in the field of structural application. Further, the utilization of nano-materials has also been amplified for improving concrete properties. The present study mainly emphasizes the strengthening influence of graphene oxide on high-strength concrete cast in the presence and absence of wheat straw ash. Portland cement was substituted with 15% wheat straw ash (WSA) by cement weight. Graphene oxide was included in various doses of 0.020%, 0.040%, 0.060%, and 0.080% by cement weight. Properties of nano-engineered samples were assessed in terms of mechanics (compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength), durability (acid resistance, rapid chloride ions, water absorption, and sorptivity), and $x$-ray diffraction (XRD) test. The test outcome showed that the mechanical and durability performance of high-strength concrete improved considerably on the inclusion of graphene oxide and was further enhanced through the fractional substitution of cement with 15% wheat straw ash. The optimal behavior in terms of durability and mechanical performance was obtained by a combination of 15% wheat straw ash and 0.060% graphene oxide, which improved compressive strength to 57.3 MPa and split tensile and flexural strength by 33% and 49%, and reduced water absorption, sorptivity, and resistance against acid to 14%, 21%, and 5.6%. Incrementing the dose of graphene oxide to more than 0.060% led to a decline in mechanical strength and durability behavior. Moreover, the XRD showed that samples comprising both wheat straw ash and graphene oxide displayed dense concrete by consuming $\mathrm{Ca}{(\mathrm{OH})}_2$ and forming an extra gel of calcium silicate hydrate in the matrix, which concludes the application of utilizing graphene oxide and wheat straw ash in high-strength concrete.

With the increasing number of vehicles plying on the roads, alarming volumes of the waste tires are generated every year throughout the globe. The disposal of these materials is of great concern. The most efficient way to reduce their volume is to reuse these materials for various applications. To investigate the behavior of the scrap tire derivatives under cyclic load, a series of cyclic triaxial tests were conducted. Seven different mixes of sand and tire crumbs (by weight) were tested under three different confining pressures (50 kPa, 75 kPa, and 100 kPa) and four different shear strain amplitudes (0.075%, 0.15%, 0.225%, 0.3%). All the tests were reported for 200 loading cycles. The result showed that the addition of tire crumbs reduced the shear modulus and increased the damping ratio. The addition of tire crumbs reduced the modulus degradation rate remarkably and makes the material useful for structures subjected to cyclic loading. The resistance toward liquefaction is also increased drastically upon the addition of tire crumbs, and the mixes showed high resistance toward the generation of excess pore water pressure. The detailed characterization of sand-tire crumbs mixes reported in the present study can be very helpful when choosing the mix for different applications.

In order to solve the problem of semirigid base damage in the initial period of use, this paper focused on emulsified-asphalt cold recycled mixtures with all old mineral and analyzed its strength formation mechanism. The optimum moisture content and amount of emulsified asphalt in the regenerated base were determined through tests, whereas the performance of the mixtures was verified according to the designed optimum ratio. The gray correlation method was used to analyze the performance-influencing factors and determine the rationality of the base designs. The research results can be used for pavement base recycling with a new solution for old roads, and the efficiency of pavement construction was greatly improved. It also reduced the heat and energy loss and contributed to the sustainable environmentally development of road construction.

In practice, the initial corrosion of steel is particularly important in terms of the assessment of serviceability and durability. Corrosion initiation of steel is strongly affected by ion chemical compositions and concentration, which are essentially different in saline soils than in marine, coastal, airborne, and deicing salt environments. However, of even greater importance is the effect of temperature. This study characterized the time required for corrosion initiation of steel in cement-based composites exposed to a simulated saline soil solution at 65°C. Steel electrode samples were used to evaluate the time to initial corrosion in the simulated solution of saline soil at 65°C (and at 45°C and 25°C for comparison) via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Cement-based composite cube samples were made to measure the chloride diffusion behaviors. The higher temperature led to a decrease in free chloride, which is essential to the initial corrosion of steel, but an increase in chloride diffusion depth and chloride concentration. Using these data, Fick’s second law was employed to derive the prediction equation for time to corrosion initiation. The results in this paper are expected to expand and improve the body of knowledge related to the initial corrosion of steel, which will facilitate prediction of the service life of cement-based composites structures in a saline soil environment at 65°C.

The highest resistance to the action of wood-decay fungi was achieved for boards bonded with cementitious binder, for which the mass loss (ML) was passive for the tested fungi at both 3.8% for Coniophora puteana and 3.6% for Pleurotus ostreatus due to the carbonation process. By contrast, the lowest bioresistance was shown for particleboard. The achieved ML values were related to the changes of the internal structure, which were proven by the vertical density profile parameters and the surface area parameter. The effects of the ML and delamination process by immersion in water on the internal bond strength were determined individually to distinguish both synergistic parameters. The results showed the effect of long-term water immersion on the loss of internal bond strength, especially for wood particleboard.

The environmental concerns associated with the use of portland cement prompted finding an alternative. As a possible solution to this issue, fly ash–based geopolymer concrete has been developed and implemented in roller-compacted concrete pavement. The mechanical and rheological properties of roller-compacted geopolymer concrete were analyzed, accompanied by the chemical characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) of the optimized samples, which confirmed the formation of geopolymer. The research entailed creating a stepwise mix design to determine the aggregate proportion and particle-size distribution of mixed aggregate that can achieve high packing density, resulting in improved roller-compacted geopolymer concrete properties. The optimized mixture was developed using dry sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce roller-compacted concrete, and the mixture characteristics were analyzed in different weather conditions such as humidity and temperature. The compressive strength after 28 days was 58 MPa at ambient curing and 61 MPa at thermal curing conditions. Flexural strength and split tensile strength were 5.5 and 4.2 MPa, and the modulus of elasticity was 33.10 GPa. The designed concrete was tested in the field by filling patches on cement concrete and bituminous pavements and compacting them with a prototype roller developed to test the mutual adhesiveness of the concrete and roller.

In this study, the effects of a recycled mineral admixture based on glass wool residue (GWR) in microstructural and mechanical properties of ordinary portland cement (OPC)-based composites are examined. The GWR was dried and milled into a fine powder, whereby it was physicochemically characterized. Physicomechanical tests, quantitative X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope observation were performed in pastes and mortars at 28, 56, and 90 days of age. Moreover, the potential application of the GWR was evaluated by determining the pozzolanic activity and the fiber reinforcement effect. The results showed that the partial replacement of cement by 25% by weight of GWR presented no reductions in flexural strength at 28 and 56 days of curing, whereas the long-term flexural strength increased by 17%. This replacement also increased the long-term compressive strength of the composites—reaching a strength activity index of 1.06. The results also showed that GWR presented some fiber reinforcement effect—depending on the particle size. Promising properties were observed for samples blended with GWR, yielding technical, environmental, and economic benefits.

This paper assesses the effect of two different structural bonding patterns on the mechanical characteristics of clay brick masonry assemblages under compression, flexure, and shear loading conditions. A 2D digital image correlation technique (DIC) was used to appraise the nonlinear compressive stress-strain characteristics, orthotropic properties, damage, and failure mechanisms of masonry prisms. The experimental investigation ascertained that full-brick thick masonry exhibited reasonably higher capacity and deformation characteristics than half-brick thick masonry under compression, flexure, and diagonal compression loadings, except in bed joint shear strength. The compressive strength and corresponding strain of full-brick thick Flemish bond prisms were higher and had more deformable (maximum strain recorded 2.4 times) behavior than half-brick thick masonry prisms. The failure mechanics of the masonry was quantitatively established by strain analysis obtained from DIC. The rupture modulus of Flemish bond masonry walls was four times higher, and its failure (a combination of tensile splitting of bricks and bed joint failure) was gradual compared to stack bond masonry. The diagonal compression strength of full-brick thick masonry wallettes was about 1.3 times as large as running bond wallettes, as the bond arrangement resisted diagonal cracks propagation. The applicability of the available idealized compressive stress-strain analytical models was evaluated, and a few improvements were recommended. The research study assessed that due attention needs to be given to structural bonding patterns in evaluating the mechanical characteristics of masonry required in the design and analytical modelling of masonry constructions. DIC technique can be conveniently used to capture the nonlinear strain characteristics and can be handy in detecting the damage early.

To study the correlation between the chemical composition and rheological properties of neat asphalt after aging and rejuvenation, the neat asphalt with different aging time was prepared, and its rheological properties were tested by dynamic shear rheology (DSR) and bending beam rheology (BBR). The functional groups were tested by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Based on the gray entropy correlation analysis (GECA), the correlation of test parameters was analyzed linearly. The results show that with the aging of asphalt, the complex modulus (${\mathrm{G}}^{*}$), phase angle ($\delta$), and creep rate ($m$) decrease, while the creep stiffness ($S$), carbonyl index (CI), and sulfoxide index (SI) increase. After the addition of regenerating agent, the rheological performance indexes and the content changes of characteristic functional groups of recycled asphalt are opposite to those of aging asphalt. The gray entropy correlation degrees among the SI/CI, $\delta$, and ${\mathrm{G}}^{*}$, and among the rutting factor (${\mathrm{G}}^{*}/\sin \delta$), creep stiffness $S$ ($-12°\mathrm{C}$, $-18°\mathrm{C}$, and $-24°\mathrm{C}$) and creep rate $m$ ($-12°\mathrm{C}$, $-18°\mathrm{C}$, and $-24°\mathrm{C}$) are more than 0.96; the rheological parameters $\delta$, ${\mathrm{G}}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{G}}^{*}/\sin \delta$, and $S$ ($-18°\mathrm{C}$ and $-24°\mathrm{C}$) of asphalt have a unary linear relationship with the SI/CI, and its rheological parameters $\delta$, ${\mathrm{G}}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{G}}^{*}/\sin \delta$, $S$ ($-18°\mathrm{C}$ and $-24°\mathrm{C}$), and $m$ ($-24°\mathrm{C}$) have a binary linear relationship with the composite index (AI) (SI+CI). These findings are of great significance to understanding the evolution law of rheological properties of neat asphalt after aging and rejuvenation.

This paper investigated stress flow in weathering steel Q345 after strong acid corrosion. In total, 27 specimens were immersed in 36% industrial hydrochloric acid for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. A three-dimensional noncontact laser scanner was used to measure geometric parameters of pits on the surface of the steel. The influence on ductile crack initiation in steel under the pit was investigated through tensile testing and finite-element simulation, which obtained the relationship among depth-diameter ratio, depth ratio, and stress triaxiality. Based on analysis of 65 finite-element models, the equivalent ductile fracture criterion of strong-corrosion steel per corrosion times was proposed. The results showed that the depth-to-diameter ratio of pits increased linearly with pit depth, whereas the depth ratio of pits increased nonlinearly with corrosion time extending. After 24 h of corrosion, the depth ratio of pits in weathering steel Q345 showed an inflection point where the growth rate was relatively slow. When corrosion time reached 72 h, the depth-diameter ratio and depth ratio of the maximum pit was 0.74 and 0.01, respectively. With the development of the depth-to-diameter ratio, the stress triaxiality inside corrosion steel increased; meanwhile, the equivalent plastic fracture strain decreased, which accelerated internal crack initiation. For pits in weathering steel Q345 with a depth-diameter ratio of 0.40–0.80, stress triaxiality increased from 0.56 to 1.23. Finally, the elongation of corrosion steel degraded gradually. By comparing test values, formula values, and finite-element values, fracture strain errors were all less than 5%. These data show that the equivalent ductile fracture criterion can accurately simulate the ductile degradation in weathering steel Q345 after hydrochloric-acid corrosion. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and application reference for strong-corrosion protection ways of weathering steel Q345 after hydrochloric-acid corrosion.

Air-hardening organic polymer (AHOP), a new soil stabilizer, can form a cross-link among soil particles with high strength and toughness. In this study, the effect of the polymer content and density on the mechanical behavior of stabilized silty sand was investigated. The results indicate that the unconfined compressive strength and tensile strength of stabilized silty sand keep a prominent linear relationship with AHOP content that increases with the increment in density; the increment in AHOP content also leads to a higher elastic modulus of stabilized silty sand. The cohesion was also significantly enhanced by the increase in AHOP content and density; the internal friction angle of loose specimens ($\rho \le 1.50\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3$) keeps increasing with AHOP content; however, for dense specimens ($\rho \ge 1.55\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3$), 3% polymer content is a turning point, at which the internal friction angle changes nonmonotonically. AHOP film can connect loose silty sand particles and adhere to the surface of particles, leading to silty sand with good strength properties. Based on failure modes, the failure of polymer–particle interactions can be divided into four modes, including (1) tensile fracture at membrane, (2) tensile fracture at polymer–particle interface, (3) shear at membrane, and (4) shear at polymer–particle interface.

Geopolymers are composite hard materials made by mixing solid binders such as fly ash and slag, and alkaline liquid activators such as NaOH and sodium silicate. Geopolymers have recently been developed to be used as a replacement for portland cement concrete. Industrial by-products, such as fly ash, steel making slags and garbage melting furnace slags, can be used to create geopolymers in a process that emits less carbon dioxide than does cement making. This reduction in ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ emission is important because ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ is one of the substances known to contribute to global warming. In the future, further uses of these fly ashes and slags must be explored. The development of high compressive strength geopolymers using fly ash and slags will strongly contribute to the fields of construction, geotechnical engineering, and architecture. The compressive strength of geopolymers, $q_u$, is generally considered to be a function of the weight ratio of activator to binder, $w$, and the weight ratio of NaOH to sodium silicate, $\eta$. The maximum compressive strength, $q_{u\max }$, is determined as the maximum value among the peak values of $q_u$, which were obtained for various values of $w$ and $\eta$. The values of w and $\eta$ that yield the maximum compressive strength, $q_{u\max }$, are defined as the optimum values $w_{opt}$ and ${\eta }_{opt}$, respectively. When designing geopolymers, it is essential to establish a method to predict $q_{u\max }$ using the chemical compositions of the binders only. This research first determines the chemical and physical properties of geopolymer materials by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations, and then determines the mechanical properties of $q_{u\max }$, and finally devises a method to predict $q_{u\max }$ by combining ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$, ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$, and CaO in binders.

Benefiting from its excellent sustainable plastic carrying capacity, rubberized concrete (RuC) has received extensive attention. In this study, the dependency of rubber aggregate (RA) particle size influencing factor on content is investigated through quasi-static compression tests. The results demonstrate that the influence of RA particle size on stress–strain behavior of RuC shows a content-dependent effect. The postpeak stress-buffering area and strain-softening area of RuC reduce significantly with the increase of RA particle size at higher RA contents. Moreover, the corresponding rubber aggregate influencing factor (RIF) model is established. The constitutive model of RuC is proposed by introducing the RIF model into the characteristic parameters. Finally, the stress–strain relationship of RuC is predicted by using the proposed constitutive model. It is concluded that the proposed constitutive model can be further applied to the structural design optimization of RuC.

This study focuses on the ideal mix of constituents (aggregate, binder, liquid phase, and admixtures) for porous concrete (PC) with optimal fresh properties to be used in pervious road pavements. Ordinary portland cement (CEM-I) and alkali-activated blast furnace slag (AA-BFS) were used as binders. This experimental investigation focused on finding the mix proportion that can best produce a consistent fresh mixture in which the mortar attaches strongly to the coarse aggregates. CEM-I and AA-BFS mortars and concretes were designed to meet the consistency criteria for PC mixtures and then tested to assess their volumetric and mechanical properties. The effect of mix composition on the consistency of fresh mixtures was adjudged through statistical analyses. In the case of AA-BFS mixtures, latex admixture (LA) and a polycarboxylate-ether-based superplasticizer (SP) both helped to achieve a higher level of consistency, and the addition of a viscosity-modifying admixture was necessary for CEM-I PC mixtures only. In terms of hardened properties, AA-BFS mortars exhibited slightly higher strengths than CEM-I ones independently of curing time. Although neither LA nor SP increased strength values at the mortar scale, in PC mixtures, the use of LA proved fundamental in the production of AA-BFS concrete with adequate strength values. This study recognizes that the optimization method as per the consistency assessment of fresh mixtures can be applied to PC with both cementitious and AA-BFS binders.

This paper compared several mathematical models predicting chloride penetration in concrete by employing a time-dependent diffusion coefficient for a number of analytical solutions of Fick’s second law. We propose calibrated models that consider a time-dependent build-up of the surface chloride concentration $C_s$. Predicted values and measured values of chloride profiles from experimental results were compared, which showed that the calibrated models considering a time-dependent surface chloride concentration could significantly improve the correlation compared with the conventional models employing a constant surface chloride concentration. Moreover, we investigated several factors (i.e., skin effect, aging factor $m$, exposure conditions, curing conditions, water/binder ratio, and fly ash content) that may affect chloride penetration in concrete by adopting the calibrated models. The results showed conclusively that these factors also significantly affected the accuracy of the chloride penetration obtained by these calibrated models. Finally, the results predicted by the calibrated Tang–Gulikers model were proved to be reasonably accurate in concrete with a small water/binder ratio compared with the experimental data. It is concluded that the calibrated Tang–Gulikers model can be applied for predicting chloride penetration and solving relevant service-life problems resulting from chloride ingress in concrete.

Production of self-healing concrete involves the immobilization of a bacterium and calcium-based bacterial nutrient on a carrier material before being added to the concrete mixture. The objective of this paper was to test the potential of using gum arabic of Acacia senegal (Hashab) to immobilize Bacillus subtilis on coarse sand for production of self-healing concrete. Dried bacterial spores, gum arabic powder, and calcium lactate were mixed thoroughly in a 1-L flask. The mixture was wetted by adding tap water gradually until spore-coated sand pellets were formed and then left to dry. Three mortar mixtures with different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of spore-coated sand pellets were then prepared and left for 24 h at room temperature. Of these, 12 mortar prisms were cast. Prisms were subjected to three-point load testing under a controlled and careful rate of loading until visible cracks appeared on the surface of the prism. Crack healing was then monitored for 14 days using stereoscopy and a digital image camera under three curing regimes, namely wet, wet–dry cycles, and polyethylene sheets. Results showed that the efficiency of healing increased with an increase in the percentage of spore-coated sand pellets in the mix without causing a significant impact on prisms strength for mixes with 2.5% and 5% of pellets. The results give an evidence to use gum arabic as a novel, abundant, and sustainable material for immobilization of bacteria on sand surface to produce self-healing concrete.

Nano-modified asphalt binder has been focused in pavement projects because of its excellent performance. The major goal of this study was to inquiry nano-montmorillonite (MMT) affected the rheological characteristics, fatigue resistance, and active healing capabilities of asphalt binders. The physicochemical parameters, rheological performance of base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt binder with varying MMT doping were evaluated. The fatigue prediction model and time sweep test with a rest period were used to assess fatigue resistance and self-healing capacity. The results show that MMT can be uniformly distributed in the asphalt binder and present as the stable intercalated or exfoliated structure. It enhances the viscosity and improves to the high temperature resistance to permanent deformation while having an adverse influence on low temperature characteristic of binders. At intermediate temperatures, MMT dosages more than 3wt% can significantly promote the fatigue resistance and healing capability of asphalt binder.

The aim of this research is to investigate two biological solutions, namely, soybean urease induced calcite precipitation (SICP) and xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer, for the remediation of cracks in ancient earthen structures. In this study, soil crack patterns captured by a high-resolution camera are quantified using image processing software. Optical microscopy and wind erosion tests were utilized to analyze the surface cementation effect in the repaired earth samples. Experimental results show that repaired samples treated with SICP solution (a mixture of soybean urease and urea-calcium chloride solutions), XG solution, and SICP-XG solutions (a mixture of SICP and xanthan gum solutions) can significantly decrease the surface crack ratio, and both the total length and the average width of the cracks, especially for the sample treated by the SICP-XG solution. In the wind erosion test, the repaired cracks in these three earthen samples remain stable under wind speeds of $15\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction tests confirmed the cementation effect induced by ${\mathrm{CaCO}}_3$ crystals and xanthan gum.

Mine tailings (MTs) that are rich in aluminosilicates can be reused to create geopolymer via alkaline activation as an alternative to portland cement concrete for construction and building applications. However, pure MTs may lack sufficient aluminum or amorphous aluminosilicates to facilitate geopolymerization that competes with traditional concrete. It is essential, therefore, to add supplemental aluminum source materials and amorphous aluminosilicates to adjust the $\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{Al}$ ratio to change the geopolymeric cell structures of MTs. The study presented in this paper utilized Class F fly ash (FA) as the amorphous supplement for better reactivity or aluminum source to alter the $\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{Al}$ ratio that can be reacted through alkali activation to facilitate better geopolymerization. First, a series of laboratory tests was conducted to obtain the characterizations of the FA. Then geopolymer samples using different amounts of FA were produced by activating the $\mathrm{MTs}+\mathrm{FA}$ mixtures with 10 M NaOH solutions at a moisture ratio of 16% cured for 7 days with a slightly elevated temperature. Finally, uniaxial compression tests (UCTs) were applied to evaluate the influence of the addition of different amounts of FA (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the compressive behaviors. In addition, microscopic insights with different FA additions were evaluated regarding morphology, chemical bonds, and mineralogy. Results show that adding FA supplements based on the initial moisture content and curing conditions increased the mechanical behavior of the geopolymer specimens, followed by a decrease due to insufficient water for a chemical reaction. However, due to the water loss during the curing process, improvement in mechanical properties began to decrease when the FA was increased to 20%.

Shield tunnels have been extensively used in many fields and are exposed to the threat of earthquakes. Seismic isolation is an effective anti-seismic method to protect tunnels from earthquake damage. This study investigates asphalt-cement (A-C) materials used as a seismic isolation layer of a shield tunnel by backfill grouting. Both a uniform test and comparative test were conducted to study the grouting properties of A-C materials. The experimental results indicated that an increase in cement content significantly affects the fluidity and consistency of A-C materials. The ultimate compressive strength increased with increasing cement content, and the recommended mass ratio of cement/asphalt for the seismic isolation layer was 50%. Then, a planned shield tunnel crossing hard-soft stratum junction was taken as the research object, and the seismic response of the tunnel lining with different fortified lengths of A-C seismic isolation layer was analyzed by numerical simulation. The calculation results show that the tunnel lining located at the hard-soft stratum junction is vulnerable to damage under seismic action, and the A-C seismic isolation layer can significantly reduce the maximum principal stress of lining near the junction. The reasonable fortified length of the A-C isolation layer for the examined shield tunnel is 3.5 times the tunnel diameter from the stratum junction to both sides.

Due to the commercial and engineering value associated with old aggregates and aged asphalt binder, recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) usually is used in recycled asphalt concrete (RAC). However, the heterogeneity of RAP affects the quality of RAC. This in turn results in significant variation in the measured and predicted material properties. This paper presents a sensitivity and uncertainty–based approach to quantify this variation. Elaborate laboratory investigation was carried out on 17 different RAC mixtures. During this evaluation process, mixing viscosity, percentage of RAP, percentage of total binder, and percentage of virgin binder were considered as independent variables. These independent variables were used to predict the mixture volumetrics and Marshall properties through response surface models (RSMs). The results indicated that a second-order RSM can capture underlying patterns in the mean and coefficient of variation. Finally, uncertainty analysis was carried out to identify the combinations that resulted in the most and least scatter in the mixture properties. The uncertainty indicators were highly sensitive to mixing viscosity and RAP content. Sensitivity analysis was carried out using these RSMs to rank these independent variables. The results indicated that the percentage of RAP and mixing viscosity had the most and least influence on material properties. Overall results indicate that the variability in the volumetric and Marshall properties is highly influenced by the RAP content. Hence, the addition of RAP content should be monitored carefully.

To analyze the impacts of composition-associated factors of high-viscosity asphalt mixtures and thermal aging on the cohesion and adhesion characteristics of high viscosity–modified asphalt (HVMA), neat asphalts (NAs), high-viscosity additives, and aggregates were selected, and several HVMAs were first prepared. Then, the prepared HVMAs were subject to contact angle testing, and their cohesion and adhesion behaviors and influencing factors were explored by multifactor orthogonal testing coupled with the surface free energy (SFE) concept. Further, the variations and influencing factors of cohesion and adhesion properties of relevant HVMAs under aging were analyzed in comparison with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalts (SBSMAs) and NAs. Lastly, under aging, the change behaviors of microscopic phases of HVMAs were contrastively investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) testing, and the relationship between the microscopic phases and the cohesion and adhesion properties was illustrated. Results showed that NA type, high-viscosity additive dosage and type, and aggregate type notably influenced the cohesion and adhesion of HVMAs, and the high-viscosity additive dosage influenced their cohesion the most. Aging weakened the cohesion and adhesion of asphalts, and the HVMAs possessed the superior cohesion and adhesion at each aging period. Under aging, the NA type, aggregate type, and aging level remarkably affected the cohesion and adhesion of HVMAs, among which the NA type affected their cohesion most prominently. Besides, the aggregate type was the most influential variable on the adhesion of HVMAs whether the HVMAs were aged or not. AFM testing demonstrated that aging reduced the component of microscopic phase structures of HVMAs and the amount of their bee structures, and diminished the surface roughness $R_a$ of asphalt binders; in contrast, aging did not alter the component of microstructural morphology of SBSMAs and NAs. The cohesion and adhesion indexes of HVMAs under aging obeyed the high Pearson correlation and the moderate linear correlation with the $R_a$ index.