Ductility Degradation of Weathering Steel Q345 after Exposure to Hydrochloric-Acid Corrosion Dependent on Pitting Damage
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 11
Abstract
This paper investigated stress flow in weathering steel Q345 after strong acid corrosion. In total, 27 specimens were immersed in 36% industrial hydrochloric acid for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. A three-dimensional noncontact laser scanner was used to measure geometric parameters of pits on the surface of the steel. The influence on ductile crack initiation in steel under the pit was investigated through tensile testing and finite-element simulation, which obtained the relationship among depth-diameter ratio, depth ratio, and stress triaxiality. Based on analysis of 65 finite-element models, the equivalent ductile fracture criterion of strong-corrosion steel per corrosion times was proposed. The results showed that the depth-to-diameter ratio of pits increased linearly with pit depth, whereas the depth ratio of pits increased nonlinearly with corrosion time extending. After 24 h of corrosion, the depth ratio of pits in weathering steel Q345 showed an inflection point where the growth rate was relatively slow. When corrosion time reached 72 h, the depth-diameter ratio and depth ratio of the maximum pit was 0.74 and 0.01, respectively. With the development of the depth-to-diameter ratio, the stress triaxiality inside corrosion steel increased; meanwhile, the equivalent plastic fracture strain decreased, which accelerated internal crack initiation. For pits in weathering steel Q345 with a depth-diameter ratio of 0.40–0.80, stress triaxiality increased from 0.56 to 1.23. Finally, the elongation of corrosion steel degraded gradually. By comparing test values, formula values, and finite-element values, fracture strain errors were all less than 5%. These data show that the equivalent ductile fracture criterion can accurately simulate the ductile degradation in weathering steel Q345 after hydrochloric-acid corrosion. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and application reference for strong-corrosion protection ways of weathering steel Q345 after hydrochloric-acid corrosion.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National Key R&D Plan (2018YFD1100701), Shaanxi Communication Science and Technology Project (20-45K), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2021JM-434, 2021JQ-648).
References
Bao, Y., and T. Wierzbicki. 2004. “On fracture locus in the equivalent strain and stress triaxiality space.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 46 (1): 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2004.02.006.
Bernardi, E., I. Vassura, S. Raffo, L. Nobili, and F. Passarini. 2020. “Influence of inorganic anions from atmospheric depositions on weathering steel corrosion and metal release.” Constr. Build. Mater. 236 (Dec): 117515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117515.
Chinese Standards. 2010. Metallic materials-tensile testing—Part 1: Method of test at room temperature. Beijing: China Planning Press.
Diaz, I., H. Cano, D. D. L. Fuente, B. Chico, and J. M. Vega. 2013. “Atmospheric corrosion of Ni-advanced weathering steels in marine atmospheres of moderate salinity.” Corros. Sci. 76 (2): 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.06.053.
Guo, X. Y., J. S. Zhu, J. F. Kang, M. H. Duan, and Y. G. Wang. 2020. “Rust layer adhesion capability and corrosion behavior of weathering steel under tension during initial stages of simulated marine atmospheric corrosion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 234 (1): 117393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117393.
Kanvinde, A. M., and G. G. Deierlein. 2006. “The void growth model and the stress modified critical strain model to predict ductile fracture in structural steels.” J. Struct. Eng. 132 (12): 1907–1918. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:12(1907).
Karina, C. N. N., P. J. Chun, and K. Okubo. 2017. “Tensile strength prediction of corroded steel plates by using machine learning approach.” Steel Compos. Struct. 24 (5): 635–641. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2017.24.5.635.
Liu, P., Q. H. Zhang, X. R. Li, J. M. Hu, and F. H. Cao. 2021. “Insight into the triggering effect of (Al, Mg, Ca, Mn)-oxy-sulfide inclusions on localized corrosion of weathering steel.” J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 64 (Feb): 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.06.031.
O’Brien, C., A. McBride, A. E. Zaghi, K. A. Burke, and A. Hill. 2017. “Mechanical behavior of stainless steel fiber-reinforced composites exposed to accelerated corrosion.” Materials 772 (2): 2–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10070772.2017.07.018.
Qian, L. Y., W. T. Ji, X. C. Wang, C. Y. Sun, and T. Y. Ma. 2020. “Research on fracture mechanism and prediction of high-strength steel sheet under different stress states.” J. Mech. Eng. 56 (24): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.3901/JME.2020.24.072.
Qiang, Y. U., C. F. Dong, Y. H. Fang, K. Xiao, and C. Y. Guo. 2016. “Atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel and Q450 weathering steel in Turpan, China.” J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 23 (10): 1061–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(16)30158-3.
Qiao, W. J., H. Y. Zhu, G. Zhang, F. Yang, and H. Zhang. 2021. “Mechanical properties and failure mechanism of steel plate composite beams under strong corrosion.” J. Chang’an Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 41 (2): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.19721/j.cnki.1671-8879.2021.02.005.
Qin, G. C. 2014. “The study of corrosion pits impact on steel stress concentration factor and fatigue damage.” M.D. thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Univ. of Architecture and Technology.
Qin, G. C., S. H. Xu, D. Q. Yao, and Z. X. Zhang. 2016. “Study on the degradation of mechanical properties of corroded steel plates based on surface topography.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 125 (Oct): 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.06.018.
Quach, H., and Y. S. Kim. 2020. “Effect of non-associated flow rule on fracture prediction of metal sheets using a novel anisotropic ductile fracture criterion.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 195 (4): 106224. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJMECSCI.2020.106224.
Rajput, A., and J. K. Paik. 2020. “Effects of naturally-progressed corrosion on the chemical and mechanical properties of structural steels.” Structure 29 (Feb): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISTRUC.2020.06.014.
Ren, S. B., Y. Gu, C. Kong, and S. Gu. 2021. “Effects of the corrosion pitting parameters on the mechanical properties of corroded steel.” Constr. Build. Mater. 272 (Feb): 121941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121941.
Sheng, J., and J. W. Xia. 2017. “Effect of simulated pitting corrosion on the tensile properties of steel.” Constr. Build. Mater. 131 (Jan): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.037.
Tohidi, S., and Y. Sharifi. 2016. “Load-carrying capacity of locally corroded steel plate girder ends using artificial neural network.” Thin Walled Struct. 100 (Mar): 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.12.007.
Urban, V., V. Krivy, and K. Kreislova. 2015a. “The development of corrosion processes on weathering steel bridges.” Procedia Eng. 114 (Jan): 546–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.104.
Urban, V., V. Krivy, and K. Kreislova. 2015b. “Study of corrosion processes on typical surfaces of weathering steel road bridges.” Mater. Res. Innovations 19 (10): 305–310. https://doi.org/10.1179/1432891715Z.0000000002178.
Wang, H., S. H. Xu, Y. D. Wang, and A. B. Li. 2018. “Effect of pitting degradation on ductile fracture initiation of steel butt-welded joints.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 148 (Sep): 436–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.06.001.
Wang, Y. D., S. H. Xu, H. Wang, and A. B. Li. 2017. “Predicting the residual strength and deformability of corroded steel plate based on the corrosion morphology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 152 (Oct): 777–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.035.
Wang, Z. P., Z. Q. Hu, K. Liu, and G. Chen. 2020. “Application of a material model based on the Johnson-Cook and Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model in ship collision and grounding simulations.” Ocean Eng. 205 (Jun): 106768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106768.
Woloszyk, K., and Y. Garbatov. 2020. “Random field modelling of mechanical behaviour of corroded thin steel plate specimens.” Eng. Struct. 212 (Jun): 110544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110544.
Xu, S. H., H. Wang, L. Su, and Q. F. Xue. 2016. “Ductility degradation of corroded steel plates with pitting damage.” J. Southeast Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 46 (6): 1257–1263. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-0505.2016.
Xu, S. H., and Y. D. Wang. 2015. “Estimating the effects of corrosion pits on the fatigue life of steel plate based on the 3D profile.” Int. J. Fatigue 72 (Mar): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.11.003.
Xu, S. H., Y. D. Wang, and Q. F. Xue. 2015. “Evaluation indicators and extraction method for pitting corrosion of structural steel.” J. Harbin Inst. Technol. (Engl. Ed.) 22 (3): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.11916/j.issn.1005-9113.2015.03.003.
Xu, S. H., H. J. Zhang, and Y. D. Wang. 2019. “Estimation of the properties of corroded steel plates exposed to salt-spray atmosphere.” Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 54 (5): 431–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2019.1613779.
Yu, H. L., and D. Y. Jeong. 2010. “Application of a stress triaxiality dependent fracture criterion in the finite element analysis of unnotched Charpy specimens.” Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 54 (1): 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2010.06.015.
Zhang, D. N., Q. Q. Shangguan, C. J. Xie, and F. Liu. 2015. “A modified Johnson–Cook model of dynamic tensile behaviors for 7075-T6 aluminum alloy.” J. Alloy. Compd. 619 (Jan): 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.09.002.
Zhang, Y., K. F. Zheng, J. Zhu, M. Lei, and X. Y. Feng. 2021. “Research on corrosion and fatigue performance of weathering steel and High-Performance steel for bridges.” Constr. Build. Mater. 289 (Jun): 123108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123108.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 11 • November 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 3, 2021
Accepted: Feb 16, 2022
Published online: Aug 24, 2022
Published in print: Nov 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jan 24, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.