Effects of Glass Wool Residue Recycled Admixtures on the Properties of Portland Cement-Based Composites
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 11
Abstract
In this study, the effects of a recycled mineral admixture based on glass wool residue (GWR) in microstructural and mechanical properties of ordinary portland cement (OPC)-based composites are examined. The GWR was dried and milled into a fine powder, whereby it was physicochemically characterized. Physicomechanical tests, quantitative X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope observation were performed in pastes and mortars at 28, 56, and 90 days of age. Moreover, the potential application of the GWR was evaluated by determining the pozzolanic activity and the fiber reinforcement effect. The results showed that the partial replacement of cement by 25% by weight of GWR presented no reductions in flexural strength at 28 and 56 days of curing, whereas the long-term flexural strength increased by 17%. This replacement also increased the long-term compressive strength of the composites—reaching a strength activity index of 1.06. The results also showed that GWR presented some fiber reinforcement effect—depending on the particle size. Promising properties were observed for samples blended with GWR, yielding technical, environmental, and economic benefits.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Brazilian agencies FAPEMIG, CNPq, and CAPES for supporting this investigation. Thanks are also due to the research group RECICLOS-CNPq, ATIVE-CNPq, and SICon-CNPq, for collaborations and providing the infrastructure used in the investigation.
References
ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards). 1997. Portland composite cement—Specification. NBR 11578. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABNT.
Adediran, A., P. N. Lemougna, J. Ylimiemi, P. Tanskanen, P. Kinnunen, J. Roning, and M. Illikainen. 2021. “Recycling glass wool as a fluxing agent in the production of clay-and waste-based ceramics.” J. Cleaner Prod. 289 (Mar): 125673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125673.
Ahmadi, B., and M. Shekarchi. 2010. “Use of natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 32 (2): 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.10.006.
Aiqin, W., Z. Chengzhi, and Z. Ninghseng. 1999. “The theoretic analysis of the influence of the particle size distribution of cement system on the property of cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 29 (11): 1721–1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00148-9.
ASTM. 2015. Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. ASTM C618. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standards test methods for sampling and testing fly ash or natural pozzolans for use in Portland-cement concrete. ASTM C311. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bartos, P. J. M., and W. Zhu. 1996. “Effect of microsilica and acrylic polymer treatment on the ageing of GRC.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 18 (1): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-9465(95)00041-0.
Benhelal, E., G. Zahedi, E. Shamsaei, and A. Bahdori. 2013. “Global strategies and potentials to curb emissions in cement industry.” J. Cleaner Prod. 51 (15): 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.049.
Bentur, A., and S. Diamond. 1987. “Direct incorporation of silica fume into glass fibre strands as a means for developing GFRC composites of improved durability.” Int. J. Cem. Compos. Lightweight Concr. 9 (3): 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0262-5075(87)90046-7.
Berodier, E., and K. Scrivener. 2014. “Understanding the filler effect on the nucleation and growth of C-S-H.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 97 (12): 3764–3773. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13177.
Betioli, A. M., M. Fortunato, B.-H. Martins, J. M. Casali, J. C. Rocha, and G. Collodetti. 2020. “Effects of particle size and specific surface area of porcelain tile polishing waste on self-compacting mortars.” Ambiente Construído 20 (Jul): 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212020000300435.
Califice, A., F. Michel, G. Dislaire, and E. Pirard. 2013. “Influence of particle shape on size distribution measurements by 3D and 2D image analyses and laser diffraction.” Powder Technol. 237 (Mar): 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.003.
Cao, M., C. Zhang, and J. Wei. 2013. “Microscopic reinforcement for cement based composite materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 40 (Mar): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.10.012.
Chen, C., G. Habert, Y. Bouzidi, and A. Jullien. 2010. “Environmental impact of cement production: Detail of the different process and cement plant variability evaluation.” J. Cleaner Prod. 18 (5): 478–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.014.
Cheng, A., W.-T. Lin, and R. Huang. 2011. “Application of rock wool waste in cement-based composites.” Mater. Des. 32 (2): 636–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.08.014.
Christensen, V. R., W. Eastes, R. D. Hamilton, and A. W. Struss. 1993. “Fiber diameter distributions in typical MMVF wool insulation products.” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 54 (5): 232–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298669391354612.
Cordeiro, G. C., R. D. Toledo Filho, L. M. Tavares, and E. M. R. Fairbairn. 2008. “Pozzolanic activity and filler effect of sugar cane bagasse ash in Portland cement and lime mortars.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 30 (5): 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.01.001.
Damtoft, J. S., J. Lukasik, D. Herfort, D. Sorrentino, and E. M. Gartner. 2008. “Sustainable development and climate change initiatives.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 38 (2): 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.008.
Defáveri, K. C. S., J. C. Mendes, J. F. de Carvalho, W. C. Fontes, R. A. F. Peixoto, and G. J. S. Brigolini. 2019. “Glass wool residue: A potential supplementary cementitious material.” ACI Mater. J. 116 (4): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.14359/51716679.
Fenu, L., D. Forni, and E. Cadoni. 2016. “Dynamic behaviour of cement mortars reinforced with glass and basalt fibres.” Composites, Part B 92 (1): 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.02.035.
Hendricks, C. A., D. Jager, E. Worrell, L. Price, N. Martin, and L. O. Meida. 1998. “Emission reduction of greenhouse gases from the cement industry.” In Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, edited by B. Eliasson. Wuhan, China: Scientific Research Publishing.
Isaia, G. 1997. “Synergic action of fly ash ternary mixtures with silica fume and rice husk ash: Pozzolanic activity.” In Vol. 4 of Proc., 10th Int. Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, edited by H. Justnes. Belfast, UK: International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials.
Isaia, G. C., A. L. G. Gastaldini, and R. Moraes. 2003. “Physical and pozzolanic action of mineral additions on the mechanical strength of high-performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 25 (1): 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00057-9.
Jhon, E., T. Matschei, and D. Stephan. 2018a. “Cement and concrete research nucleation seeding with calcium silicate hydrate—A review.” Cem. Concr. Res. 113 (Nov): 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.07.003.
Jhon, V. M., B. L. Damineli, M. Quattrone, and R. G. Pileggi. 2018b. “Fillers in cementitious materials—Experience, recent advances, and future potential.” Cem. Concr. Res. 114 (Dec): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.09.013.
Jhon, V. M., M. Quattrone, P. C. Abrão, and F. A. Cardoso. 2019. “Rethinking cement standards: Opportunities for a better future.” Cem. Concr. Res. 124 (Oct): 105832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105832.
Juenger, M. C. G., and R. Siddique. 2015. “Recent advances in understanding the role of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 78 (Dec): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.018.
Kizilkanat, A. B., N. Kabay, V. Aküncü, S. Chowdhury, and A. H. Akça. 2015. “Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of basalt and glass fiber reinforced concrete: An experimental study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 100 (Dec): 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.006.
Kwan, A. K. H., and H. H. C. Wong. 2008. “Packing density of cementitious materials: Part 2—Packing and flow of OPC + PFA + CSF.” Mater. Struct. 41 (4): 773–784. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9281-6.
Labbaci, Y., Y. Abdelaziz, A. Mekkaoui, A. Alouani, and B. Labbaci. 2017. “The use of the volcanic powders as supplementary cementitious materials for environmental-friendly durable concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 133 (Feb): 468–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.088.
Lawrence, P., M. Cyr, and E. Ringot. 2003. “Mineral admixtures in mortars: Effect of inert materials on short-term hydration.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 33 (12): 1939–1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00183-2.
Li, N., D. Ma, and W. Chen. 2015. “Projection of cement demand and analysis of the impacts of carbon tax on cement industry in China.” Energy Procedia 75 (Aug): 1766–1771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.457.
Lothenbach, B., K. Scrivener, and R. D. Hooton. 2011. “Supplementary cementitious materials.” Cem. Concr. Res. 41 (12): 1244–1256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.001.
Massazza, F. 1993. “Pozzolanic cements.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 15 (4): 185–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-9465(93)90023-3.
Miller, S. 2018. “Supplementary cementitious materials to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from concrete: Can there be too much of a good thing?” J. Cleaner Prod. 178 (Mar): 587–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.008.
Papadakis, V., and S. Tsimas. 2002. “Supplementary cementing materials in concrete: Part I: Efficiency and design.” Cem. Concr. Res. 32 (10): 1525–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00827-X.
Ramírez, C. P., E. A. Sánchez, M. del Río Merino, C. V. Arrebola, and A. V. Barriguete. 2018. “Feasibility of the use of mineral wool fibres recovered from CDW for the reinforcement of conglomerates by study of their porosity.” Constr. Build. Mater. 191 (Dec): 460–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.026.
Rubino, C., M. B. Aracil, S. Liuzzi, P. Stefanizzi, and F. Martellotta. 2021. “Wool waste used as sustainable nonwoven for building applications.” J. Cleaner Prod. 278 (Jan): 123905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123905.
Silva, K. D. C., G. C. Silva, J. F. Natalli, J. C. Mendes, G. J. B. Silva, and R. A. F. Peixoto. 2018. “Rock wool waste as supplementary cementitious material for Portland cement-based composites.” ACI Mater. J. 115 (5): 653–661. https://doi.org/10.14359/51701100.
Suraneni, P., T. Fu, V. J. Azda, O. B. Isgor, and J. Weiss. 2018. “Pozzolanicity of finely ground lightweight aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 88 (Apr): 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.01.005.
Thapa, V. B., D. Waldmann, and C. Simon. 2019. “Gravel wash mud, a quarry waste material as supplementary cementitious material (SCM).” Cem. Concr. Res. 124 (Oct): 105833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105833.
Toledo Filho, R. D., J. P. Gonçalves, B. B. Americano, and E. M. R. Fairbairn. 2007. “Potential for use of crushed waste calcined-clay brick as a supplementary cementitious material in Brazil.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (9): 1357–1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.06.005.
Väntsi, O., and T. Kärki. 2014a. “Mineral wool waste in Europe: A review of mineral wool waste quantity, quality, and current recycling methods.” J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. 16 (1): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-013-0170-5.
Väntsi, O., and T. Kärki. 2014b. “Utilization of recycled mineral wool as filler in wood–polypropylene.” Constr. Build. Mater. 55 (Mar): 220–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.050.
Wong, H. H., and A. K. Kwan. 2008. “Packing density of cementitious materials: Part 1—Measurement using a wet packing method.” Mater. Struct. 41 (4): 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9274-5.
Zain, M. F. M., M. N. Islam, F. Mahmud, and M. Jamil. 2011. “Production of rice husk ash for use in concrete as a supplementary cementitious material.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (2): 798–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.003.
Zhang, C., A. Wang, M. Tang, and X. Liu. 1996. “The filling role of pozzolanic material.” Cem. Concr. Res. 26 (6): 943–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(96)00064-6.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 11 • November 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 9, 2021
Accepted: Mar 2, 2022
Published online: Aug 24, 2022
Published in print: Nov 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jan 24, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.