Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Raise-Temperature Effect of Quicklime in Cold Recycled Mixtures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 11
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of a thermodynamic model to individuate the increment of temperature generated by the addition of quicklime as an active filler in cold recycled mixtures (CRMs). CRMs are increasingly popular mixtures primarily composed of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and produced at low temperatures. CRMs are composed of RAP aggregates, an asphalt stabilizing agent (emulsified or foamed asphalt), fillers and active fillers (traditionally cement or hydrated lime), and water. One of the main limitations of CRMs consists of their workability that requires high air temperature. For this reason, the construction season for the application of cold recycling technologies is usually limited to summertime, especially in colder areas. A solution to this limitation is the use of quicklime as an active filler in the mixture. As shown by previous research, calcium oxide causes an exothermic reaction with water generating heat and increasing the temperature (20°C–25°C) of the entire mixture. This paper presents a thermodynamic model to identify the temperature increase and its evolution during preparation and transportation to the site of CRMs. The scope is to individuate the correct procedure to identify the most suitable application rate of quicklime in the mix design in order to reach the desired CRM temperature and workability.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Alifanov, O. M. 1994. “Statements and use of inverse problems in studying heat transfer processes and designing engineering units.” In Inverse heat transfer problems. International series in heat and mass transfer. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76436-3_2.
Asphalt Academy. 2009. Bitumen stabilised materials, a guideline for the design and construction of bitumen emulsion and foamed bitumen stabilised materials. TG2 technical guideline. Pretoria, South Africa: Asphalt Academy.
Beck, J. V., and K. Arnold. 1977. Parameter estimation in engineering and science. New York: Wiley Interscience.
Bergamonti, L., R. Taurino, L. Cattani, D. Ferretti, and F. Bondioli. 2018. “Lightweight hybrid organic-inorganic geopolymers obtained using polyurethane waste.” Constr. Build. Mater. 185 (Oct): 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.006.
Blackwell, B., and J. V. Beck. 2010. “A technique for uncertainty analysis for inverse heat conduction problems.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 53 (4): 753–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.10.014.
Cheng, P., J. Yi, Z. Chen, H. Luan, and D. Feng. 2020. “Influence factors of strength and performance of foamed asphalt cold recycled mixture.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 23 (2): 461–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2020.1826343.
Feipeng, X., Y. Shenglei, W. Jingang, L. Xinghai, and A. Serji. 2018. “A literature review on cold recycling technology of asphalt pavement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 180 (Aug): 579–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.006.
Gouveia, B. C. S., F. Preti, E. Romeo, K. Jenkins, and G. Tebaldi. 2021. “Use of calcium oxide as active filler for bituminous stabilised materials.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 22 (9): 2131–2144. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2021.1881591.
Incropera, F. P., and D. Dewitt. 2006. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer. New York: Wiley.
Jafarian, S., and A. Modarres. 2020. “Study on the fatigue properties of bitumen emulsion-cement mastics using frequency sweep and linear amplitude sweep tests.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1833205.
Meneses, J. P. C., K. Vasconcelos, L. L. B. Bernucci, and E. Hajj. 2021. “Compaction methods of cold recycled asphalt mixtures and their effects on pavement analysis.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 22 (S1): S154–S179. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2021.1908405.
Mignini, C., D. Lo Presti, G. Airey, and A. Graziani. 2021. “Rheological characterisation of cold bitumen emulsion slurries.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 22 (S1): S232–S250. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2021.1906303.
Nelder, J. A., and R. Mead. 1965. “A simplex method for function minimization.” Comput. J. 7 (4): 308–313. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308.
Oates, J. A. H. 1998. Lime and limestone: Chemistry and technology, production and uses. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.
Oates, J. A. H. 2008. Lime and limestone: Chemistry and technology, production and uses. New York: Wiley.
Orlande, H. R. B., F. Olivier, D. Maillet, and R. M. Cotta. 2011. Thermal measurements and inverse techniques. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Rainieri, S., F. Bozzoli, L. Cattani, and P. Vocale. 2014. “Parameter estimation applied to the heat transfer characterisation of scraped surface heat exchangers for food applications.” J. Food Eng. 125 (Mar): 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.10.031.
Ren, J., W. Siyuan, and Z. Guangyuan. 2020. “Effects of recycled aggregate composition on the mechanical characteristics and material design of cement stabilized cold recycling mixtures using road milling materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 244 (May): 118329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118329.
Stroup-Gardiner, M. 2011. Recycling and reclamation of asphalt pavements using in-place methods. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Wang, T., F. Xiao, X. Zhu, B. Huang, J. Wang, and S. Amirkhanian. 2018. “Energy consumption and environmental impact of rubberized asphalt pavement.” J. Cleaner Prod. 180 (Apr): 139–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.086.
Wirtgen Gmbh. 2012. “Wirtgen cold recycling technology.” Accessed July 15, 2021. https://www.wirtgen-group.com/en-us/customer-support/training/hands-on-manuals/cold-recycling/.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 11 • November 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 23, 2021
Accepted: Feb 25, 2022
Published online: Aug 19, 2022
Published in print: Nov 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jan 19, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.