Resilience and Sustainable Transportation Systems

The study analyzes the role of trade facilitation in enhancing cross border trade and examines the trade facilitation bottlenecks involved in implementing trade across the China-Pakistan border. The study also provides tangible solutions for improving trade procedures to boost cross border trade under the CPEC framework. To achieve the above objective microdata on the actual situation at China-Pakistan border is collected through field visits, questionnaires-based field survey, and domain experts’ interviews. However, in order to minimize existing and future bottlenecks and to suggests improvement in trade facilitation procedures at China-Pakistan border, the study also utilized the internationally available best practices to improve trade facilitation procedures.

Aiming at the technical requirements of modern urban traffic survey for macroscopic, visual, and dynamic monitoring, this paper proposes a method for monitoring and analyzing urban traffic based on commercial video satellite and intelligent image processing technology. Firstly, the video satellite-based monitoring method was introduced based on the surveillance ability analysis of the commercial video satellites. Then, the calculation method of the traffic density, speed, and flow based on the video satellite data is developed. Finally, a case study of eastern area of Changchun City was performed. 11×4.5 square kilometer of urban traffic was observed by video satellite. The work of data acquisition, information extraction, and traffic analysis were conducted within a week and the labor costs were reduced greatly by using the intelligent image processing technology; moreover, the traffic flow calculation errors are reduced by 10% compared with the highway traffic flow statistical data.

Tourism is acknowledged as one of the world’s most important economic sectors, responsible for a significant share of global GDP. Transport is a key element for this industry, as one of the factors that affects the attractiveness of a tourist destination. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than 130 million people have some sort of disability that requires the use of a wheelchair and that number will tend to increase, due to the rapidly aging population. The provision of wheelchair-friendly transportation, particularly in the public sphere, is essential to ensuring access to tourist attractions. In that context, in this paper we aim to assess how the absence of fully accessible public transportation affects the tourism of wheelchair users. To perform this study, the city of Bangkok was chosen, which ranked as number one in the list of most visited destinations in 2018. As the literature shows that tourists usually prefer to use railways rather than buses when they are traveling to unfamiliar places, this study considered only the urban rail systems in the analysis. In order to evaluate the influence that the provision of wheelchair-friendly transportation has on the access to tourism, the most visited tourist attractions, as well as their locations within the city’s municipal area, were identified and sorted. Data on the number of lines and stations, accessibility status of each station, and its distance from the tourist destination were also collected. The geographic information system tool was then used to analyze the station coverage. The results showed that the lack of accessibility in some stations or their distance from the destinations can create inequality of access. Moreover, insufficient provision of accessibility is a critical issue that can inhibit the tourism of people in wheelchairs, which in turn can lead to a potential economic loss for the sector.

Speeding, which encompasses excessive speed (i.e., driving above the speed limits), is a dangerous driving behavior and an aggravating factor in the severity of all crashes. It has also serious consequences on the environment and energy consumption. This research examines the speeding behavior of Jordanian drivers in an urban setting (Amman, the capital of Jordan). The main objectives of this research were to investigate and evaluate the perception of Jordanian drivers towards speeding and identify the reasons why drivers speed. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire distributed to a random sample of drivers covering various areas of Amman. The collected data were analyzed using relative important index (RII). The results revealed that the main factors behind speeding behavior are: 1) feeling late/urgency to arrive to the destination specially to work; 2) emergencies and urgent situations such as medical emergency; and 3) being alone in the vehicle. Furthermore, a significant proportion of respondents (23.1%) reported speeding as habitual or chronic behavior. The results of this research should help the decision makers to define the most effective and acceptable countermeasures for reducing speeding among Jordanian drivers.

Two-wheelers have a substantial share of almost 40% to 50% of the total traffic mix at signalized intersections in India. Two-wheelers riding pattern is stochastic without any lane discipline or turning movement discipline at signalized intersections in Indian traffic conditions, which influences the safety and the overall traffic flow characteristics, subsequently influencing the operational efficiency of the signalized intersections. Modelling of two-wheelers’ behavior and movement are essential due to their predominant role in traffic management strategies, safety evaluation, and microscopic traffic simulations. The main aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the potential influence of the varying proportion of two-wheeler composition on the passenger car unit (PCU) of each class of vehicle at signalized intersections based on intersection clearance time of the vehicles as a measuring unit. Therefore, a highly saturated signalized intersection is chosen in Tiruchirappalli City, India, as a study site, and data is collected using video cameras during the peak hours of traffic flow. The effect of the varying proportion of two-wheelers and their turning movement in the left, straight, and right directions on PCU, is analyzed by building microscopic traffic simulation models with the field data. After simulating the microscopic models, the results indicated that with the increase in the proportion of two-wheelers composition, the PCU values of two-wheelers and three-wheelers were observed to decrease due to their lower intersection clearance time and area. On the other hand, with the increase in the proportion of two-wheelers, the PCU values of other classes of vehicles like big cars, light commercial vehicles, buses, and trucks were observed to increase due to their higher intersection clearance time and area. Hence it can be inferred that the incremental proportion of two-wheeler composition at signalized intersections has a significant influence on the PCU values of other classes of vehicles.

A dynamic simulation model of heavy-haul railway wagon is established. The characteristics of wheel-rail dynamic interaction and wheel wear are examined as the vehicle passes through a right curve under asymmetric brake shoe pressures if the brake shoe fails. For the front wheelset, its attack angle is reduced, and the contact position of the outer wheel moves toward the nominal rolling circle when the unbalanced brake shoe pressure produces a clockwise yaw torque. The wheel-rail lateral force and the wheel wear power decrease also, which means the wheel-rail dynamic interaction is improved. Inversely, the wheel-rail contact state will deteriorate if a counter-clockwise yaw torque induced by the asymmetric brake shoe pressures is applied. For different wheelsets under the asymmetric brake shoe pressures, the wheel-rail contact states of the leading wheelsets change more sensitively than that of the trailing wheelsets. By increasing the primary longitudinal stiffness, the influences of the asymmetric brake shoe pressures can be reduced, and the dynamic responses of the wheelsets under the clockwise and counter-clockwise yaw torques tend to reach the same level. The change of the lateral primary stiffness has a weak influence on the effects of the asymmetric brake shoe pressures.

Strong wind is a grave threat to the vehicles running on bridges. The cross wind environment of twin-deck bridges is much more complicated than the single deck bridges. In this study, by taking the 12.45 km Quanzhou Bay Bridge in Fujian Province as an example, a simplified cross wind environment assessment method for vehicles running on bridges is proposed; then the cross wind environment of the twin-deck bridge is investigated using the aforementioned assessment method collaborated with wind tunnel tests. The results show that the equivalent wind speeds on the bridge deck do not satisfy the requirement of the allowable equivalent wind speed factor. Thus, a cross wind mitigation measure of wind fence is proposed. Finally, the effects of the wind fence and the aeroelastic stability of the bridge after installing the wind fence are examined.

With the advantage of no-effect to shipping, shorter construction time, and lower cost, the incremental launching construction method without supporting piers is widely used in the construction of steel and prestressed concrete bridges. At home and aboard, the cases of incremental launching construction that long-span bridges whose cantilever length exceeds 160 m is rare, and the feasibility research on incremental launching construction method in long-span bridges is insufficient. With the example of a long-span bridge, whose main span is 180 m, the feasibility of the incremental launching construction method without supporting piers is analysed by finite element method in this paper. The results show that, and the strength and stability of bridge will both meet requirements when the length of launching nose is 100 m or 120 m. So, the method of incremental launching construction is feasible.

For the characteristics of long longitudinal slope and small radius turning section, pavement is easy to be polished and the anti-skid property is easy to lose. Through the anti-skid test, shear test, and bond strength test, the synthesis of ultra-thin anti-slip layer of different aggregates was studied. The performance and paving test roads show that the epoxy ultra-thin layer with basalt as the aggregate has good anti-skid performance, shear strength, and cohesiveness, which is suitable for special road sections, such as roads with long and vertical slopes.

According to the life cycle cost analysis method, the cost of freeway life cycle is divided into land opportunity cost, road construction cost, and road transportation cost. In this paper, the decision of lane number of freeway reconstruction and expansion is no longer made according to the traditional capacity, traffic volume, and traffic composition, but by discussing the economic attributes of freeway and their circulation forms, and finally obtain the lane number decision-making model of freeway reconstruction and expansion based on the life cycle cost. The model not only considers the economic aspect, but also adopts the capacity and safety indicators as constraints to ensure that freeway reconstruction and expansion not only meets the economic optimality, but also meets the patency and safety, and gives full play to the social and economic benefits.

In a design-bid-build infrastructural project, the agency may use a lump-sum, or unit-price for temporary traffic control (TTC) items, while their cost is hard to estimate. This paper presents the research results of developing a machine learning model of the relationship between the TTC items’ cost with the project total cost and non-TTC items in infrastructural projects. In detail, 163 infrastructural projects’ data were collected for analyzing two research questions: first, the relationship between the TTC items with the project total cost and non-TTC items; second, the relationship between the TTC items’ payment option with the project total cost and non-TTC items. The results showed that the proposed feed-forward neural network model outperforms regression methods on classification tasks. It has a 36% accuracy in determining the TTC items’ cost as a percentage range of project total cost. Additionally, the proposed model has 94% accuracy in determining the TTC items’ payment options, when the information of the project total cost and the major non-TTC items’ information are known. With this research, the TTC items’ payment option for a new infrastructural project could be confidently decided, and the TTC items’ cost could be easily estimated as percentage ranges of the project total cost, which helps project owners and agencies to evaluate the quality of contractors’ bids.

Control performance of rolling system has important influence on safety transport operation on stock braking, especially braking anti-skid control performance in the state of low adhesion. Aimed at current computerized direct acting electro-pneumatic braking system, creep model between wheel and rail, braking dynamics model, pneumatic braking unit, and anti-skid control model is established in this paper. By using simulation interface with each other between MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim, co-simulation platform for braking anti-skid control system is built up, and the effectiveness of the platform is verified through comparing simulation data with experimental data. Simulation analysis is carried out for typical slide conditions with various adhesive constraints and different initial braking speed, control performance of threshold value of many anti-skid criterions was studied, and discussed through analyzing simulation results by means of braking distance, braking time, and adhesive utilization, and verified by HIL (hardware-in-loop) simulation. The results show that the co-simulation platform can be used to simulate the sliding conditions in the braking process, and to optimize the criterion parameters of braking anti-skid control stagey.

Traditional traffic detectors can only obtain cross-section traffic detection data, which restricts the practical application level of signal control theory. At present, the new detector has created better data application conditions for traffic signal control. Millimeter-wave radar can track and acquire traffic flow, speed, and occupancy data of multiple targets in a certain interval. Based on this interval detection data, a new method of expressing traffic state is proposed. The reliability of this method for expressing supersaturated traffic state is illustrated by the analysis of actual detection data. Finally, a new method of intersection phase timing calculation based on interval detection data is proposed. Taking an actual intersection in Tongzhou as an example, based on the actual collected interval detection data, the traffic signal timing scheme under unsaturated and over-saturated conditions is calculated by using the intersection signal timing algorithm proposed in this paper, and compared with the algorithm given by TRANSYT. The results show that the new method of signal control at single intersection can effectively reduce the delay of vehicles at intersections, and has a significant effect on traffic congestion in the direction of traffic congestion, and achieves a good effect of improving the level of signal control services at intersections.

In this paper, using the multi-source data, combined with deep neural network, an automatic assessment model for highway risk and accident number prediction model are established. First, based on the multi-source heterogeneous data collected by different monitoring facilities and sensors on the highway, the features are fused. Secondly, the shuffled frog leaping algorithm is used to optimize the features to reduce the dimension. Thirdly, we improve the traditional deep neural network by connecting the output of each layer of neural network to the last fully connected layer to obtain a fused vector. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified in the experimental results.

The phenomenon of pedestrians and non-motor vehicles running red lights at signalized intersections of urban roads is common, which often causes traffic accidents and serious casualties. So far, there is no effective way to solve this problem. In this paper, based on PLC technology, the setting method of gate fence at signalized intersection was studied. Combined with the traffic condition and geometric characteristics of the intersection, the form design, location, and opening time of the fence were determined. TIA V13 SP1 PLC programming software was used to write program section to realize the cooperative control of the gate fence and the traffic light. The effect of the fence and attitudes of residents were analyzed. The research showed that the gate fence had the advantages of convenient setting, easy popularization, and high recognition, which could provide new ideas and methods for the management of signalized intersections.

In the process of investigating and dealing with drunk driving behavior, the detection of alcohol content in the driver's body is the basic method to judge whether drunk driving exists or not, however, the traditional breath detector can only be detected in the driving process, and it needs the cooperation of the driver to make a difference, for this reason, it is crucial to design a way to eliminate drunk driving at the source from the perspective of industrial design. The purpose of this study is to test drunk driving by designing a steering wheel for vehicles. A contact steering wheel detection technology is studied by using quality function display (QFD) analysis method, make the driver's finger contact with the steering wheel to judge whether there is drunk driving, to reduce the behavior of drunk driving. Finally, conclude: compared with the traditional detector, this research is more efficient and direct, and does not need the cooperation of drivers, which proves that the design can effectively restrain the behavior of drunk driving.

In this paper, the problem of the unreasonable function division of the lanes at the intersection leads to the problem that the space resources of the intersection cannot be used more efficiently. Combined with the Webster delay principle, the model of the vehicle average delay of each lane and the entrance lane of the intersection is established, and based on this, the goal of minimizing the delay is to establish an integer programming model for the intersection of the entrance lanes and the lanes of the intersection, and select an example intersection to import traffic data as an example for analysis. MATLAB is used to solve the problem to determine the best guide lanes at the intersection. The combination form is used to calculate and compare the average delays of the imported lanes before and after the optimized lane group optimization, and the simulation is verified by VISSIM software. The results show that: for the unreasonable division of the current lane function, after the optimization of the guide lane combination, the north entrance road at different times The average vehicle delays decreased by 2.3% to 25% compared with the pre-optimization, indicating that the intersection-oriented lane combination optimization model has certain applicability and can improve the traffic efficiency of the intersection.

In recent years, reinforcement learning is applied into traffic control as an emerging technique, which obtain more and more research attention. In this paper, a deep recurrent Q-learning agent was implemented in the context of traffic signal control in order to improve the efficiency of highway transportation while maintaining a significant degree of reality. The reinforcement learning agent was designed with a state representation that identifies the position of vehicles in the environment, an action set defined by traffic light configurations with a fixed duration, and a reward function that capture in different magnitudes the difference of vehicles waiting times between actions. In particular, the elements of the agent are designed to make sense for possible real-world devices. The learning approach applied for the agent’s training is the deep Q-Network combined with a recurrent neural network. The Q-learning is used for the update of the action values as the experience of the agent increases and the neural network is employed for the Q-values prediction and, therefore, the approximation of the state-action function. SUMO was used to replicate a 4-way intersection with multiple lanes, and to reproduce various traffic scenarios with different traffic distributions. The reward was calculated based on the simulated waiting time of vehicles, making the agent aware of the consequence of actions in different situations. Results indicate that the proposed agent can adapt to several traffic situations and is able to outperform the static traffic light system in situations of low, medium, and high densities, increasing the overall efficiency of more than 50%.

The research and analysis of the technology of vehicle bogie condition monitoring combined with the basic principle of BP network is applied to the condition monitoring of vehicle bogies. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the BP network, establish the optimal weight and threshold, and establish an ideal BP network model to complete the state monitoring. The dynamic model of the bogie is established by the knowledge of the dynamics of the rail vehicle, and the irregularity of the rail is used as an external stimulus to simulate the state of the vehicle running. Test analysis using an optimized BP network. It was found that the optimized BP network is more stable and accurate. With the continuous development of railway transportation, rail transit has occupied a very important position in the public transportation system. The safety and comfort of rail vehicles is an important factor affecting their development. The suspension system is a key component of the vehicle's travel department, and the performance of the suspension system directly affects the safety and comfort of the vehicle. The online real-time fault condition monitoring of the suspension system plays an important role in the safe and stable operation of the vehicle. Therefore, it is a hot research topic for domestic and foreign scholars to seek real-time and reliable suspension system fault diagnosis methods. At present, there are many fault diagnosis methods for rail vehicle suspension systems at home and abroad. There is a vehicle suspension system fault diagnosis based on IMM algorithm, vehicle suspension system fault diagnosis based on observation method, etc. The fault can only be alerted, and the fault cannot be further determined. Artificial neural network algorithm is a discipline developed on the basis of modern neurology. BP neural network is the most widely used. It adopts parallel distributed processing, learning and memory function, and nonlinear mapping ability, which can perform multi-fault identification, complex pattern recognition, etc., achieved good results in the fault diagnosis system. The combination of genetic algorithm and BP neural network algorithm realizes the recognition of corresponding faults from nonlinear and non-stationary signals. The walking part is an important part of the rail vehicle. It plays the role of carrying, pulling, running, and braking. It is a key link to determine the safety and dynamic performance of the train. This paper establishes a simulation model of orbital dynamics and performs data acquisition and processing. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize BP neural network algorithm for fault diagnosis of key components of vehicles.

The earthquake emergency channel is an important disaster prevention and shock absorption infrastructure for the city and plays an important and fundamental role in the post-earthquake rescue work. Based on the urban actual seismic hazard, an improved four-step method and scenario construction method are used to establish a multi-scenario urban earthquake emergency access system. First, researchers conducted post-earthquake demand node analysis from emergency rescue, medical rescue, and material rescue. Then, based on the post-earthquake activity, the Dijstra shortest path algorithm and the original unit method are used to predict the traffic demand. Finally, based on the principle of near distribution and the principle of balanced distribution, four scenarios are constructed, which consider time, traffic demand, and bridge condition factors. The four scenarios are the shortest path model with intact bridge, the shortest path model with damaged bridge, the balanced distribution model of bridge, and the balanced distribution model of bridge damage. In order to verify the validity of the model, Beijing was selected as the research area, and the traffic demand allocation and result solving were carried out by means of the Beijing road network VISUM model. The road network results of the post-earthquake emergency channel under four scenarios were obtained. At the same time, combined with scenarios 1 and 3, the researchers recommended a comprehensive post-earthquake emergency access road network. The method proposed by the researcher is very operational, and the result can provide decision-making basis for the post-earthquake contingency planning of the urban transportation system. At the same time, the proposed method can provide theoretical reference for post-earthquake emergency channel planning in other cities.

Many of the passengers and goods transportation operations are carried out by heavy transport vehicles (HTVs) like medium commercial vehicles (MCVs), heavy commercial vehicles (HCVs), and multi axle vehicles (MAVs) on multi-lane divided intercity highways. The presence of these HTVs in the traffic stream influences the overall characteristics of the traffic flow mix. The slow-speed movement of these vehicles in the median lane and kerb lane in the traffic stream affects the speed-flow characteristics of the mixed traffic, thereby deterring the speed of the other classes of vehicles, which eventually reduces the capacity of the traffic stream. The main aim of this study is to investigate and analyse the dynamic characteristics of HTVs occupying the high-speed lane (median lane) and low-speed lane (kerb lane). In order to gain a better understanding and qualitative overview of the HTVs’ movement in the traffic stream, the data acquisition process was carried out using a transportable infra-red traffic logger (TIRTL) set up across one direction of the four-lane divided highway connecting the Chennai City with Nagapattinam City in India. Using the acquired data, dynamic passenger car units (DPCU) of each vehicle is estimated, and inferences are drawn concerning HTV’s operating speed and flow. Also, a lane-based comparative study was carried out between the speed-flow characteristics of HTVs when these HTVs’ are occupying the high-speed lane and low-speed lane during their operation on the multi-lane divided intercity highways. The analysis results showed that there is a significant drop in the capacity when the HTVs are operating on the high-speed lane at speeds lower than the desired operational speed when compared to that of the capacity when the HTVs are operating on the low-speed lane.

Under high wind, temporary traffic signs in a work zone are possibly being knocked down, which is a safety threat to through traffic, and is one of major contributors of work zone related incidents. In this paper, traffic engineers’ opinions in the performance and application of mostly used temporary traffic signs were collected, followed by the field observations in the state of Texas, USA, and wind effect simulation on temporary traffic signs through finite element analysis. Previous cost-benefit analyses of temporary sign applications were reviewed, and warrants of the applications in work zones with high wind were recommended. Field observations suggest that, embedding signs performed better than skid signs in work zones when high winds are in presence. For the finite element analysis, four important factors were employed to evaluate the performance of each temporary sign, such as: (1) minimum safety factor, (2) maximum stress distribution, (3) maximum displacement, and (4) deviation angle. It was concluded that, for areas with strongly higher wind, the embedding traffic signs are mandatorily recommended like the dual leg perforated square metal tubing with anchor sign and its updated versions, while skid signs are not recommended. In areas with moderate strong wind during certain specific months, the embedding signs are highly recommended, while skid signs shall be limited for use, including: (a) the independent dual upright with leg PSST skid sign, and (b) the dual leg PSST skid support sign. For light wind area and relevant time periods, both embedding signs and skid signs can be safely used. Wooden signs, such as the wooden skid with two wooden legs sign, and wooden long/intermediate-term single leg (H-leg) sign, are also alternative options.

Bicycle is a healthy and environmentally friendly transportation mode, which is favored by many people. Bike share developed very fast in the past years, especially in some big cities. This paper collected the public bicycle card data of January, April, and July 2015 in the public bicycle station along the BRT in Guangzhou, and conducted a SP survey on the public bicycle travel choices of residents around the BRT. Firstly, according to the operational data, the monthly distribution, daily distribution, and time distribution characteristics of public bicycles are discussed. Secondly, according to the SP survey data, the sensitivity of residents' acceptable riding time, acceptable travel fare, acceptable worst riding conditions, acceptable congestion level, and price concessions for public bicycle travel are analyzed. Thirdly, based on the SP survey data, a logistic regression model was established to analyze the eight potential factors that may affect the behavior of public bicycle travel. The results show that monthly income and membership discount have no significant impact on the choice of bicycle travel. Age, owing a car, discount on public bicycle transfer with public transportation, public bicycle business has a significant impact on public bicycle travel options. Finally, some key points of establishing a public bicycle system near the BRT corridor are discussed. The research results can provide decision-making basis for the subsequent optimization of the public bicycle network layout and the attraction of public bicycles.

The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is a major decision-making arrangement made by the party’s 19th CPC National Congress. Urban and rural public transportation is an important link between urban and rural areas, close cities and towns, and villages. It is of great significance to promotes the rapid development of rural areas around the city and accelerate the realization of the rural revitalization strategy. Urban and rural public transportation hubs are important nodes in the urban and rural public transportation system. The location model of urban and rural public transportation hubs is established, and the layout planning of urban and rural public transportation hubs can be done well. It can achieve good sharing of urban and rural road public transportation resources and help improve the whole transportation efficiency of public transportation systems. This paper takes the rural revitalization strategy as the background and adapts to the needs of social development. It also conducts preliminary research on the location model of urban and rural public transportation hub stations. Based on the research significance of the rural revitalization strategy, this paper illustrates the necessity of the research of this thesis, sums up the theoretical research results of domestic and foreign scholars on the location selection of urban and rural public transportation hubs and the selection of urban and rural public transportation hubs in some cities in China. Based on the practical application of the site theory results, the research content, and technical route of this paper are proposed. Then it illustrates the concept of urban and rural public transportation hub and expounds the characteristics of urban and rural public transportation hubs, then gives the classification results of urban and rural public transportation hubs under different standards. Then a more in-depth study on the location model of urban and rural public transportation hubs is carried out. Establish a location model for urban and rural public transportation hubs through theoretical analysis of the influencing factors of urban and rural public transportation hubs and the layout principle of hub stations adapted to China's national conditions. The goal of the model is to minimize the total cost, which includes the hub construction costs and transportation costs. Finally, taking the urban and rural public transportation hub planning of Huazhou District, which known as Huaxian County before, in Weinan City, Shanxi Province, as an application example, the data of the distance between the various traffic nodes in Huazhou District and the capacity limit of the hub station were investigated. Using the immune algorithm to solve the established model.

Human is an important factor influencing the safety accidents in metro operation. The station master on duty is an important factor influencing the daily work of the station. So this topic proposed behavior observation, interview, questionnaire investigation method to reveal the metro station on duty forming mechanism of unsafe behavior and target are put forward based on the behavior of the corresponding failure link type intervention measures, construction of the metro station wisdom assistant system, in order to reduce the metro station on duty unsafe ACTS to provide theoretical foundation and solution. The research results are of great significance for improving the safety management ability of metro station and ensuring the safety of metro operation.

Under the general trend of globalization, in order to achieve the most reasonable level of enterprise cost and efficiency, multinational corporations such as Apple, Inditex, and Microsoft have more and more labor division and cooperation in different regions of the world. Faster, reliable, and more convenient point-to-point transportation of people and goods is a constant subject by multinational corporations around the world. Air transit is by far the only mean for travelers to transport safely and comfortably from one location to another worldwide within 24 hours. Because capacity and efficiency of the airport is the key for many multinational companies making strategic investment decisions, cities are increasingly carry out economic development plans around airports, and this development idea has supported the theory of Aerotropolis. With more and more cities join the race, it appears necessary to re-examine a city’s competitive advantages from the perspective of Aerotropolis, which may be defined as an urban economic district whose infrastructure, land use, and economy are centered on a major airport. The focus of this paper is to discuss a new global city rating system taking into consideration of the impact of airport and Aerotropolis developments. This rating system is named as “Global Aerotropolis Rating Index” (henceforth referred to as GARI). The GARI extracts and evaluates elements from the current mainstream studies on global cities by superimposing on the aviation impact factors and the “economy of speed” factors. The GARI revaluates the global cities’ performance and competitive advantages using 5 dimensions and 40 indicators, thus, more specific urban development goals and strategies could be proposed to these global cities through the Aerotropolis angle.

The passenger travel behavior in multi-airport areas has the characteristics of “preference for different flight attributes and strong attraction of the hub airport”, leading to the polarization of air passengers’ distribution in the region and the Matthew effect in airport development. This paper uses Hotelling model to analyze the internal mechanism of passenger competition among multiple airports in a region, and the purpose is to propose an airport operation optimization plan to alleviate contradictions in the development process of regional air transport industry, and finally follow the coordinated development strategy of the national airport group. According to the research: (1) the increase in passenger price sensitivity coefficient and passenger travel cost will cause an decrease to the airport market share; (2) the core factor of airport passenger source competition is flight price; (3) differentiation strategy is an effective way to enhance the market competition advantage, form a competitive and cooperative mode, and promote the coordinated development for airports in a region.

After the construction completion of the Beijing new airport, based on the increasingly mature and integrated ground transportation, the research on the aviation market demand distribution of the regional airport system based on passenger behavior characteristics has been significant for Beijing to explore the cooperation mode of “one city, two airports”. Based on the background of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordination strategy, this thesis firstly analyzes air passenger behavior attribute characteristics in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from three aspects including passenger personal characteristics, passenger travel characteristics, and aviation activity selection behavior characteristics. Secondly, the passenger group is divided into business travelers and leisure travelers, and then this thesis constructs a two-layer nested Logit model of the selected airports, and finally predicts the radiation area and air traffic assignment of “one city, two airports” of Beijing. The results show that: (1) in terms of passenger behavior characteristics, the top preference of business travelers is flight frequency, while it is flight fare for leisure passengers, and the on-time rate is a common concern factor for both business and leisure travelers. (2) Both airports in Beijing radiate cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Langfang, Baoding, and Cangzhou. (3) After the operation of the new airport, passenger flow of PEK will be diverted to ease its operational pressure on one hand, and it will also expand the aviation radiation area of Beijing and promote the competitiveness of Beijing as an international aviation hub.

In order to optimize the existing route network, this paper studies the structure and layout of air logistics network in Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei region, collects relevant data, uses gravity model to analyze the comprehensive logistics service capability of each node in the route network, and calculates the logistics connection value between each node. Using social network analysis method and UCINET software, this paper analyses the air logistics network from the aspects of network density, centrality, cohesive subgroup, and core-edge structure. The results show that the degree of air logistics linkages between node cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is at a medium level, but the large standard deviation of density indicates that the polarization is serious; meanwhile, the linkages between core cities and peripheral cities are poor, which show a clear core-edge structure. Through the above analysis, it is concluded that the resources of this region should be coordinated and complemented, and from this perspective, the airports in the region have been re-positioned in this paper.

Most university campuses, theme parks, commercial campuses, airports, and other low-speed environments have courtesy shuttle or bus service as an important mode of transportation around campus and in nearby vicinity. The innovative automated shuttle (AS) systems currently on the market are capable of navigation, path planning and control, obstacle detection, or/and crash avoidance, and have been successfully showcased in multiple scenarios to cover short distances and predefined routes under low-speed environments. For successful deployments on university campuses in the future, it becomes necessary to conduct a demonstration in a mix-traffic environment and assess public opinions on automated shuttles with actual riding experience. This paper comprehensively assessed a week-long AS demonstration in a low-speed environment on the University of South Florida Tampa campus. It analyzed public opinions and comments from potential users and stakeholders for future AS deployment on USF campus and conducted field observations of interactions between the AS and its surrounding road users. Results from the on-board survey of 500+ riders showed an overwhelmingly positive attitude towards their ride experience during the demonstration and indicated their willingness to use automated shuttles as a mode for travel on campus. Results from this study also show the potential for AS to replace some campus trips currently undertaken via other modes. The on-board survey also indicated a growing user trust when exposed to automated vehicles (AVs) and their subsequent ride in the shuttle. The field observation showed the capability of an automated shuttle to gradually adjust its speed and direction when the shuttle faced with the prospect of interacting with road users. The shuttle was able to take passive action and avoid conflicts with other road users. This study demonstrated that the AS will be a very positive alternative for application on university campuses, commercial campuses, hospitals, theme parks, and retirement communities.

In response to many requests for new marked crosswalks or enhancements to existing marked crosswalks throughout the year, city staff is establishing scoring criteria and the three-tiered approach for review and evaluation. Providing safe and efficient pedestrian facilities is a well-established goal of the city of San Leandro. In the city’s general plan and the bicycle and pedestrian master plan, there has been significant discussion that move the city toward an even safer and more convenient environment for travel as a pedestrian. Pedestrian facilities are of particular importance as we try to reduce our dependency on the automobile and provide greater support for multi-modal travel and its many benefits. With this in mind, city staff has gradually established practices that aid in the evaluation of pedestrian crossing improvements as well as having strategies in place for allocating resources on a priority basis given the limited nature of available funding and staffing. City staff receives many requests for new marked crosswalks or enhancements to existing marked crosswalks throughout the year. These requests for more convenient or safer pedestrian accommodations come from a variety of sources including residents, businesses, new development projects, and planning efforts. As these requests for improvements are made, a strategy is necessary to determine the relative merit of the improvement and to further consider opportunities with other improvements which might be planned. For instance, there may be a road widening project that includes repaving and utility work where it becomes very cost effective to combine pedestrian related infrastructure such as a flashing crosswalk system with the other work already envisioned. To ensure opportunities are realized and pedestrian crossing needs are sufficiently investigated in a consistent and methodical manner, the Engineering and Transportation Department tracks requests received. Having conducted researches on other jurisdictions’ crosswalk policies and practices, city staff has established scoring criteria and three-tiered approach for San Leandro’s uses.

Lots of cities have developed a bike sharing system, but how to deploy a bike sharing system reasonably is urgent issue in the cities like Kunming. A knowledge based on these factors that re-balancing on a bike sharing system will work on to support cities to design an efficient service bike sharing system while decreasing re-balancing costs. We collect traffic-zone-level bike sharing usage data in Kunming, analyze the bike sharing time-variation and daily variation characteristics of arrivals and departures. Especially, we built multiple regression model to quantify effect of socio-demographic characteristics and land-use characteristics on time-variation and daily variation characteristics of arrivals and departures. We then define the absolute value of arrivals minus departures as balance index, and develop a binary logit model to estimate the influence of socio-demographic characteristics, land-use characteristics, and public transit characteristics on re-balancing. The results provide a basis for the re-balancing of a bike sharing system.

This paper focuses on establishing a nested logit (NL) model to analyze the relationship between transfer fare discount and mode choice behavior of urban residents based on a questionnaire survey. Influencing factors on mode choice of urban residents are analyzed from different perspectives. Revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) survey questionnaires are designed to collect the mode choice behavioral data. The influences of transit transfer fare discount between transit modes, and transfer fare discount between car and subway (park and ride discount, i.e., P&R discount) have been analyzed based on a proposed nested logit model. The results show that mode share for transit increases with the implementation of the transfer fare discount. When the transfer fare discount increases from 0 to 40%, the share of mode transferred between bus and subway increases by 8.8%, representing the most attractive policy for commuters among all fare discount options.

Because of China's unique railway transportation organization mode, the number of passenger stations that connecting the high-speed railway and the existing railway lines is increasing. Reasonable planning of the technical operation process of this type of passenger station plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the passenger station and the organization efficiency of the relevant section transportation. Based on the related research, this paper expounds the technical operation of passenger stations, analyzes the technical operation process of this type of passenger station, summarizes the specialties of technical operations, and finds out the main influencing factors. By taking the use of train’s lines, throat occupation, and conflicting relationship as the core, aiming at ensuring the balance and stability of the station equipment use, the relevant optimization model is established, and the algorithm is designed and verified by using examples.

This article makes a description on the designing of the urban rail transit layouts using DCC systems. To meet the needs of building a reliable, feature-rich, interface opened, and maintainable urban rail transit layouts for training, demonstrating, and planning. Using standard and modified DCC (digital command control, a popular international standard originally designed for model train control) components and specially designed peripheral hardware to control the trains, turnouts, signal lights, PA systems, and other model subsystems like in a real rail transit system, using LAN to make the operation control system like ATS, ATO, using Wi-Fi camera inside the model locomotive to simulates the train engineer’s view, using net cameras as CCTV system, and so on. The results shows the new layout system can simulates most functions of the subsystems of a real urban rail transit system like train scheduling, train routing, train automatic and manual operating, signaling logic, etc. Simultaneously, the system is stable, flexible, scalable, and easy to maintain. And hoping this system can be used in future as an open interfaced research platform for different kinds of needs like network train operation organization, intelligent train scheduling, fault drill and emergency plan settings, and so on.

For further research on impact driver competency of behavior intention, to improve the safety of rail transportation, this study based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the new professional knowledge explained variables, the formation of extension theory of planned behavior (Ex-TPB), and construction of rail transit based on the Ex-TPB driver for driving behavior intention of structural equation model (SEM). This paper evaluates the quality of the established model, analyzes and evaluates the internal connection of each factor and its practical significance, reasonably evaluates the competence of rail transit posts, helps rail transit drivers establish correct work cognition, and provides reference for managers in selecting and training drivers.

Based on the operation status of Shanghai subway network, this paper sorts out and analyzes the main factors that affect the train travel speed, analyzes whether these factors can be further optimized from the operation level, and gives the corresponding optimization methods, and then designs the combined optimization scheme of train travel speed optimization factors based on orthogonal test, and finally verifies and analyzes the case of Shanghai Metro Line 12. Results show that after combinatorial optimization, the travel speed of Line 12 was increases by 5.92%, and the interval of driving from 4 minutes to 3 minutes and 47 seconds.

It is of great significance to identify the driver's fatigue state in actual operation to improve the safety of urban railway transportation and prevent the occurrence of various safety accidents caused by driver's fatigue. Based on the train driving simulation experiment of urban railway transportation, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and eye movement characteristics of subjects were obtained, and the collected data were analyzed. By analyzing the data, the fatigue degree of the subjects is judged, and the fatigue period is distinguished according to the time period of fatigue occurrence, and the indicators that can be used to construct support vector machine are selected in the obtained data. Finally, according to the theory of support vector machine, using MATLAB and libsvm software, select the appropriate kernel function, train the fatigue identification model of non-linear support vector machines (SVM), and verify the accuracy of the model with experimental data.

The interval evacuation is an important problem faced by emergency management of metro operations, especially the tunnel evacuation in the river-crossing area. This paper takes the rail-and-road integrated Yangtze River-crossing tunnel in Wuhan as the background. The subway thermal environment simulation software SES is used to study the smoke control mode of the most unfavorable working conditions in the river-crossing tunnels. The FDS computer modeling is used to simulate the flow of smoke in typical working conditions. Combined with the emergency evacuation experience of the actual operation of Wuhan rail transit, the evacuation plan of the tunnel fan assisted smoke exhausting before and after the opening is obtained. It provides a reference for the emergency evacuation command and operation of the train after the fire broke out in the section of the long railway crossing.

With the continuous expansion of the subway network, timely and accurate short-term passenger flow prediction is of great significance to improve the operation efficiency of the station. From the perspective of historical passenger flow data, wavelet analysis is used to remove the noise of related unconventional fluctuations. Combined with the theory of time series prediction, a suitable model is selected for passenger flow prediction after denoising. Through the example verification, the combined model after wavelet decomposition and reconstruction has high prediction accuracy, which provides the possibility for the practical promotion of short-term passenger flow prediction.

The optimal and efficient route search algorithm can improve the overall capacity of the station, and ensure the efficiency, safety, stability of the train. Aiming at reducing the complexity problem of interlocking route search algorithm, a new traversal search algorithm based on the optimal path criterion is proposed. The signal and turnout in the layout of station are transformed into vertices in the network transportation graph, the track section is transformed into the sides with length and direction, the vertices are connected, and the network graph of station is obtained. According to the actual situation of station, the optimal route search criterion is designed based on the depth first principle and the shortest path algorithm. When the starting point of the route is set, the next vertex is searched in turn according to the optimal route search criterion until the end point of the route is found. The corresponding software of the algorithm has been compiled. After verifying the practicability of the algorithm, the algorithm can be applied to the actual railway station, and can find the optimal route accurately, quickly, and steadily to meet the needs of interlocking station route searching.

Resistance spot welding is the most important welding process used for stainless steel vehicle manufacturing. However, resistance spot welding has a major problem of inconsistent quality from weld to weld, which results from both complexity of basic process as well as from various process conditions, noise, and errors. Therefore, welding quality is critical in stainless steel vehicle manufacturing. Real-time monitoring and visualization of dynamic signals during resistance spot welding process are helpful to online welding quality evaluation. In this study, through using modern sensor technology and computer monitoring technology, an on-line monitoring system of electrical and mechanical signals was established to monitor welding current, voltage between electrodes, dynamic resistance, and dynamic electrode force during resistance spot welding. A software was designed to monitor various signals, display curves, store and inquire welding information based on the technologies of Visual C++ .NET, Measurement Studio, and Access database. This integrated welding monitoring system has been successfully used for automatic spot welding of some model vehicle and became an important auxiliary quality evaluation measure for welding operators and quality inspectors.

As straddle monorail doesn’t have specific standard currently in place, IMA (International Monorail Association) refers to ASCE 21-13 APM (Automated People Mover) standards. In 2018, China start updating GB 50458 Code for Design of Straddle Monorail Transit to support UTO and DTO operation. Although both worldwide and Chinese standards support fully automated operation, there are many differences in the fields of system architecture, function requirements, interface design, etc. The biggest difference is that Chinese straddle monorail require independent CBI (computer based interlocking) and axle counter, which can support fallback interlocking level operation even degraded intermittent ATP/ATO mode. In addition, Chinese ATS should have central and local control workstations, but the worldwide ATS only requires central ATS. Once the redundant central ATS fails, the wayside ATO will take over automatically. Chinese ATP define more operation mode, except UTO/DTO, CM, EUM, which still have ATO, RM, and creep mode, and some modes transition need train non-stop, but worldwide ATP only have UTO, CM, EUM modes, and mode transition shall stop train firstly. Chinese ATO require more functions like overshoot and undershoot automatic run backward/forward, but worldwide ATO will go to next platform while overshoot happens; Chinese ATO have more working condition management like online/offline, cleaning, wash, maintenance, etc., but worldwide don’t have them. External interfaces also have more differences: Axle counter is installed along the whole line, and dummy wheel is installed onboard to assist wayside wheel sensor detection; Signal shall be same as metro operation with at least 3 aspects; Switch still have outdoor control cabinet, but control logic need more manual authorization in local mode; PSD is independent integrated system with control cabinet, signaling just connect to the cabinet for control purpose, but worldwide PSD control is part of signaling, which have each door set PLC connecting to signaling inside; train wash plant must support automatic train wash including entry/exit and wash schedule; onboard TCMS and ORS shall be separately. Worldwide and Chinese straddle monorail standards comparison could help both sides improve technical standards and system performance, make monorail better promotion even interoperability among different suppliers in the world.

As one of the most important public transportation, urban rail transit bears great operational pressure and relies completely on signaling system to maintain its safety and efficiency. In order to improve train operation efficiency and safety, train active obstacle perception is a good solution. In this paper, we introduce the train intelligent detection system (TIDS) and its application in practical line. TIDS consists of data pre-processing layer, perception layer, and decision-making layer. The data pre-processing layer mainly includes data acquisition and spatio-temporal synchronization. The perception layer applied convolutional neural network to achieve rail area detection and train detection simultaneously in each camera image, and further combine lidar points to measure the train distance. And the decision-making layer judge the relationship between detected trains and the rail area, so as to determine whether the detected trains affect the normal running of the train. At this stage, TIDS system has been comprehensively tested on Beijing Yanfang Line, Shanghai Line 6, Chengdu Line 3, Hong Kong Tsuen Wan, etc. It has been tested and accumulated more than 2 TB data. In addition, we analyze the running accuracy of TIDS system in detail, the results showed that the leak detected rate (LDR) is 0.007 and the mistakenly detected rate (MDR) is 0.000478. Particularly, the system is being practical applied in Hong Kong Tsuen Wan line.

To solve the problem that the horizontal position displacement of the track fast clip fastener is difficult to achieve quantitative measurement, this paper adopts an image segmentation technology based on machine vision combined with deep learning algorithm to realize the quantitative calculation and analysis of the relative position of the fastener and the rail. The method uses the convolutional neural network PSPNet to construct the automatic recognition and segmentation model of the fastener edge and the rail edge features, and then calculates the fastener horizontal position deviation by the relation between the fastener image pixel and the actual size. The model was verified by actual 893 images acquired on site from Shijiazhuang railway section. The results showed that the average correct rate of the automatic recognition and segmentation model of the fastener and the rail edge features was high to 98.35%, the average loss was 0.0109, and the accuracy of the horizontal displacement of the fastener reached less than 0.25 mm.

It is difficult to accurately locate and extract a specific part or region in a fast elastic strip fastener system (SFC) with a single-layer base plate by using image processing technology. In this paper, a SFC fast strip state detection method based on the combination of statistics and conditional random field is proposed. Firstly, the target detection and extraction of the fast strip state of track fastener image on a specific feature scale are carried out by using statistical theory. Then, the fast strip region is segmented by conditional random field model and the strip region is extracted by using conditional random field model. Finally, the SFC fast spring is further detected by the precise location information of the fastener fast spring. The experimental results show that, the method of this paper can accurately extract and detect the SFC fast spring strip, and has better detection effect and accuracy in practical engineering applications.

To solve the contact net drilling problem caused by horn intrusion during pantograph operation, a warning method for the target of pantograph arch is proposed. Firstly, the method performs the target feature area on the received pantograph images by clustering algorithm to realize the target image feature extraction and the pantograph outline feature extraction, and through the clustered contour feature to obtain the location of the largest contact point area of the pantograph and catenary. Then, the target feature area is segmented from the background by super-pixel HOG target segmentation algorithm, and the target data set is thus formed by the labeled maximum feature images. Finally, The YOLOv3 smart detector is adopted to build classification model. The results showed that the proposed method could accurately track and extract the contact area of the pantograph and the catenary from the video, and had an effective significance for early warning of the pantograph drilling problem.

In railway transportation and smart stations, it is important to deploy the capability to locate a source through wireless communication signals with time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements. However, TDOA measurements are very sensitive to the availability of the line-of-sight (LOS). This paper concentrates on mitigating the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) measurements using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) model. Firstly, subspace analysis of the scalar product matrix is presented. Secondly, NLOS mitigation is presented, which checks the eigenvalues of the principle minor of the scalar product matrix, and then identifies the NLOS measurement. Finally, estimate of the source position is calculated. Simulation results show that the localization accuracy of the proposed scheme is higher than the two-step weighted least squares (2WLS) method and the traditional MDS-based method.

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) is one of the typical methods of track fastener state detection. The elastic strip is the main feature used to detect the defects of the track fastener. However, for the detection of the elastic strip, feature extraction is performed on whole pictures through CNN. Many features that are not related to the elastic strip are extracted, which is not conducive to the identification of the state of the elastic strip. Aiming at the above problems, a new method for detecting the track fasteners i.e., local convolutional neural networks (LCNN) is proposed. Firstly, the prior knowledge is used to divide the track fastener picture into two parts: the bolt part and the elastic strip part. The picture of the bolt part is not relevant to the detection, so the feature of the extraction bolt part is not conducive to detection. The main distinguishing feature of the detection is the elastic strip part, so it is more advantageous to use the picture of the elastic strip part to identify the state of the track fastener. Then, the CNN is used to extract the feature of the picture of elastic strip part. The effectiveness of the proposed LCNN for the detection of track fasteners is verified by the image of the track fasteners on the actual railway.

In railway transportation and smart stations, it is important to locate an object through wireless communication signals. In urban terrestrial scenarios, subterranean scenarios, and indoor scenarios, localization scheme using the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements provides a useful positioning technique. One of the localization techniques with TDOA measurements is to define a cost function using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) model, where the minimize of the cost function is defined as the estimate of the emitting source position. However, the existing cost function has not taken the noise distribution into consideration, so the estimate of the source position will not be accurate enough. In this paper, a two-stage localization scheme is proposed. The first-stage estimate is calculated by subspace analysis. It is used for refining the cost function by taking the noise distribution into account. The second-stage estimate is the minimize of the refined cost function, which is calculated literately using Newton’s method with the first-stage estimate as its initial point. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves higher localization accuracy than the traditional method that uses the minimize of the original MDS-based cost function as the estimate of the source position.

Aiming at the prediction of the development of rail corrugation, in-depth analysis was carried out based on actual field-measured rail wave data, and a combined model of rail corrugation based on non-equal interval grey model and BP neural network was proposed. The advantage of this model is that the gray theory requires less data, and the BP neural network has strong nonlinear fitting ability. It can predict the future development of rails based on the original wave depth values measured by a small number of non-equal time intervals. The historical data of rail wave wear depth on a certain line are used for model training and prediction analysis. The results show that The average absolute error of the combined model prediction results is significantly reduced compared to the single gray model, and the prediction accuracy test level reaches level 1. It proves the effectiveness of this prediction method in the prediction of rail grinding, which provides important guiding significance for the development of track maintenance and polishing strategy by the public works department.

This dissertation studies the mathematics behind “A Simple and Efficient Estimator for Hyperbolic Location” and sorts out the solution procedures of “An Approximately Efficient TDOA Localization Algorithm in Closed-Form for Locating Multiple Disjoint Sources with Erroneous Sensor Positions”. The former dissertation introduced a famous algorithm, the Chan method. It is used to solve TDOA localization in the train station and indoor location system. The latter paper provided an improved method based on the Chan. In this paper, the following works have been finished. (1) Detailed deductions of the Chan method have been provided, specially the missing procedures and some indigestible processes. Mathematical principles are also being given. (2) The core concepts of deducing the Chan method are provided. (3) The solution procedures of “An Approximately Efficient TDOA Localization Algorithm in Closed-Form for Locating Multiple Disjoint Sources with Erroneous Sensor Positions” have been straightened out and listed. The above works bring benefit to the development and propagation of TDOA.

Fastener defects detection based on computer vision is an important task in subway rail inspection systems, in which the first step is fastener location. In this paper, a fastener locating method based on visual attention model for subway track is presented, which can implement fastener location in the subway track mixed with ballast-less track in the main line and ballast track on turnout region. Firstly, rail location is obtained by the vertical projection algorithm. Secondly, the image is classified into ballast or ballast-less based on visual attention model with the fractal dimension. Thirdly, ballast image and ballast-less image are treated separately. On one hand, in the ballast image, the sleeper is located with the line segment detector algorithm, and then fastener can be located by the sleeper location combined with the rail location. On the other hand, in the ballast-less image, the fastener is located with horizontal projection algorithm combined with the rail location. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can locate the fastener accurately.

In this paper, a high-speed railway (HSR) wireless communication system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is built by using Simulink, and a HSR channel in viaduct scenario is established. The LS channel estimation algorithm based on pilot sequence is used to restore and calibrate signals at the receiving end. By inserting the block pilots in the time domain and the frequency domain respectively, the impacts of different pilot insertion modes on the HSR wireless communication system are studied. The experimental results show that the comb pilots can maintain good performance even when the Doppler shift is severe, which is suitable for fast fading channels.

The rail transit industry is developing rapidly, the complexity of its projects is growing, and the corresponding information is also growing rapidly. The rail transit industry is affected by multi-disciplinary coordination, multi-sector management, and multi-link decision-making, which is prone to problems such as information faults and management fault. This study relies on the advantages of BIM throughout in the whole life cycle, based on cloud technology, combined with VR, AR, 3D scanning, and other cutting-edge technologies to form a “BIM+” architecture. In the construction stages, with the help of VR technology, the project construction is guided. The program experience and demonstration are immersed in the constructed virtual reality, and all construction time nodes and key technical links are intuitively grasped, thereby optimizing the plan and ensuring implement construction plan high-efficiency and orderly. In the operation and maintenance stages, based on BIM+AR technology, and comprehensive use of VR, 3D scanning, Cloud database, smart handheld terminals, and Internet of Things technologies to realize real-time data correlation of rail transit in the whole life cycle, multiple ways of information retrieval and modular maintenance instruction, etc. This research has opened up the information transmission path in the field of intelligent construction, laid the foundation for intelligent management, and promoted the informationization and digital development of the railway station reconstruction and expansion project.

UAVs interfere with the normal operation of high-speed railway frequently in recent years. But the classical UAV monitoring system cannot supervise UAVs effectively. In order to accurately estimate the direction of the UAVs. This paper proposes an application of MUSIC algorithm based on fourth-order cumulant in UAV monitoring system. The simulations verify the performance of the algorithm in high-speed railway environment.

The wireless communication system of rail transit has many functions, which plays a very important role in train operation. In order to improve the output power of wireless communication system of rail transit, this paper implemented the design and simulation of power amplifier based on advanced design system (ADS) by using Freescale Semiconductor's amplifier chip MW6S004. The transistor is laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor. The key to design the power amplifier lies in the matching network, which can find out the best external load impedance ZL at the maximum output power of the power amplifier by using the principle of load-pull. The results show output power>24 dBm, power gain>18 dB, power out at 1 dB compression point>20 dBm in the 1.80 GHz to 2.00 GHz frequency range by experimental simulation.

In the traditional study and analysis of coupled vibration of pantograph and catenary, pantograph is generally approximated as linear, and most of the linear parameters are obtained by experimental measurement or derivation. In this paper, the flexibility of pantograph head is added into the quality reduction model of pantograph to establish a two-dimension nonlinear pantograph model which will be more suitable for engineering practice. On the premise of that parts of pantograph system are unknown, the non-parametric identification of two-degree of freedom pantograph is carried out by using the restoring force surface method. The identified parameters are basically consistent with the original model data, which indicates that the recognition effect of this method can be accepted. This method has the potential of engineering application, which can promote the in-depth study of pantograph contact stability and make train operation more safe and reliable.

This paper makes a detailed investigation, analysis, and research on the problems of tread abnormal wearing in the process of metro vehicles running. This paper analyzes the basic physical performance of brake shoes, according to the friction and wear test, measuring the material granularity of brake shoes using Tyler standard screen, and so on, and focuses on how to design brake shoes according to different operating conditions, to evaluate the thermal load of wheels under service braking condition during vehicle operation, to solve the problem of vehicle tread damage.

Due to increasing service duration and geological decline, the precise requirements for adjusting the line of Shanghai Maglev are more urgent and frequent. In this paper, the application results of GMS are applied in the adjustment of track beam shape, and the overall effect of the line maintenance of the Maglev Shanghai demonstration line is analyzed, which including the distribution and the maximum value of the long-wave deviation of the position of the buttocks in the current situation, and compared the results before and after the route maintenance. The track line could be adjusted while deviation exceeded 5 mm on suspended surface and 8 mm on guide surface, in particular subtle changes (>2 mm) also could be modified. It shows that the GMS measurement method is accurate use and high efficiency application in the maintenance.

The vibration acceleration of train body is a key parameter reflecting the running state of train. It is necessary to obtain the acceleration accurately. But the traditional method has low precision. In this paper, a vibration acceleration prediction model and method of train body based on bagged regression tree is proposed. On the basis of GJ-5 to collect a large number of parameters of Guangzhou works section in Guangzhou-Shenzhen II line, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Kendall correlation coefficient are used to analyze the correlation between train body vibration and other detection parameters. Then, the bagging regression tree algorithm is used to establish the prediction model of train body vibration. Finally, the training results are compared with the outputs of the model with multiple linear regression model, support vector machine, and back propagation neural network. According to the evaluation index, the prediction accuracy of the bagged regression tree model is highest compared other three models, which is over 94%.

Track alignment inspection is one of the most important methods to ensure safe transportation. Due to the cumulative error of the gyroscope and the accelerometer, the conventional inertial measurement has lower accuracy under the low speed. In order to solve this problem, a novel inspected method for railway space curve based on multi-sensors fusion of machine vision and inertial measurement is proposed. By using extended Kalman filter, the fusion of the machine vision and inertia information is obtained. Moreover, the inspected performance of the proposed method is investigated by experiment. Compared with the method of conventional inertial measurement, the result demonstrate that the new method has higher accuracy. Furthermore, it is found that the measurement accuracy of the proposed method has improved nearly 10 times.

In order to improve piezoelectric power generation capacity, the evaluation and verification of energy recovery model were established, to explore the effects of vibrators structure, material properties, masses quality, and vibration environment on the piezoelectric vibrators. Piezoelectric vibrators were made up of piezoelectric ceramics, mass blocks, and metal substrates. Then experiment to verify the correctness of the model. The results show that the vibrators will get large generation under random vibration with a vibration frequency of 25 Hz–125 Hz. In this vibration environment, the performance of beryllium copper in several copper-based materials with the same thickness is optimal. The power generation capacity of the mass above 30 g is basically stable at 1 mW, and there are different power generation on the different thickness (0.25 mmhe 0.2 mm) with the same material.

Urban rail transit (URT) has the obvious advantages such as independent right of way, fast transportation speed, wide network coverage, and high safety. To alleviate the city freight problems and improve the service level of urban logistics, we discuss an URT-based underground logistics system and perform its feasibility analysis in the aspects of logistics organization, category of transportation goods, operating periods, vehicle type, and transportation capacity. In order to provide insights to promote the practical application of such logistics system, we further propose the mixed mode and the freight mode of URT-based logistics system. Emphasis has been laid on the different requirements of such two modes in terms of infrastructure renovation and operating organization. This paper is of practical significance and provides an important reference for designing URT-based logistics system for metropolitan cities.

This paper proposes a novel method of vibration mitigation and noise suppression at the source by using a wheelset dynamic vibration absorber. The wheelset dynamic vibration absorber is mounted on the wheelset axle to reduce the vertical vibration and wheel noise of the urban rail wheelset. Previous studies on dynamic vibration absorber for rail transit systems are reviewed. The theoretical modeling of the absorber is introduced in detail to reveal the relationship between wheel vibration and wheelset noise. To make the best use of the space, the structural design is developed to illustrate the basic principles and the advantages of the arrangement. The parameter design is also investigated to indicate three steps of the absorber. And then a comparison of wheel vibration and noise with and without the WDVA is obtained. The results show that the wheelset dynamic vibration absorber has the potential to reduce the vertical vibration of the wheelset at low frequencies. Furthermore, the absorber is found to suppress the generation of wheel noise and produce good noise suppression effects at high frequencies.

The braking on trains is mainly generated by adhesion between wheels and rails. Sliding and lock on wheels can be caused by excessive braking torque. If the braking force is insufficient, there will be problems such as excessive braking distance and low braking efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to study the adhesion under braking conditions. This paper relies on full scale brake system comprehensive test rig to test the wheel-rail adhesion characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the effects of different speeds and axle loads on the adhesion under water conditions. The results show that with the increase of speed, the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient will show a downward trend. Adhesion coefficient increases first and then decreases with the increase of slip ratio. The slip ratio corresponding to the maximum adhesion coefficient is below 1%, and the slip ratio corresponding to the peak value of the adhesion coefficient decreases with the increase of speed. In addition, under the condition of water medium, the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient decreases with the increase of axle load.

This paper discussed the strength of bogie frame of metro vehicle which was evaluated by full-scale test, including static test, fatigue test, and track test. The measurement points were arranged according to the finite element analysis results and experience. The average stress and stress amplitude of each measuring point are substituted into Goodman fatigue limit envelope to evaluate whether the frame meets the fatigue strength requirement. The fatigue life was predicted based on S-N curve and Miner damage accumulation theory. It has been found that the selection of measuring points and the loading control are the key to the strength testing and evaluation.

Usually the railway track irregularity is considered as the main vibration source of the wheel rail system, and the primary mission of railway track maintenance and repair work is decrease and eliminate the track irregularity. Accurately predicting the development trend of railway track irregularity can improve the maintenance efficiency of the existing railway line and ensure the train operation safety. According to the random factors and the wavelength of the track irregularity on the traffic state, using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) combined with the method of state probability, the different time sequence of track irregularity are analyzed and validated, obtained several different frequency intrinsic mode function by EMD decomposition method (intrinsic mode function, IMF) and the one remaining trend, then Hilbert transform is performed on each IMF, calculate the instantaneous frequency, to match the different times of the IMF; by irregularity over processing method for each IMF, calculate the state at different time of the track irregularity distribution; the accuracy of two examples show that the method presented in this paper, and analysis the error of prediction result. The results show that the prediction method has good prediction accuracy and can realize the accurate prediction of the track irregularity state of different wave length.

The abnormal damage of PR clips of a subway line during the operation and the corresponding track structure are investigated in order to reduce vibration and suppress noise in subway circumstance. The quality defects in the construction process are summarized. Through the test of dynamic displacement of the rail and the detection and analysis of the rail corrugation, the dynamic displacement of the rail system is obtained and the excitation frequency of the wheel/rail is found to be 722 Hz. Compared with the models of the installed clip with the results of analysis, it is found that the modal frequency 722 Hz of the installed clip is close to the wheel/rail excitation frequency. Therefore, it is concluded that the rail corrugation and the resonance due to the frequency coincidence of the clip vibration and the wheel/rail excitation are the main factors of the clip abnormal damage. Finally, the reasonable suggestion and methods for solving this problem are put forward, which provides a reference for track maintenance, vibration reduction, and noise suppression.

Railway rolling noise caused by relative motion of wheel and rail is the main source of railway transit noise. Among various measures taken to reduce it, such as rail dampers, tuned rail dampers (TRD) is an effective way to reduce rolling noise by increasing decay rate of vibration along the rail. The dynamic characteristics of railway track with TRD can be different from that of conventional structure, because of induced spring-mass system. Their dynamics behavior needs to be studied. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a railway track with TRD were analyzed. An analysis model was established based on finite element method (FEM). Modal analysis was then conducted to obtain vibration mode characteristics of the structure, and then the harmonic response analysis was applied to it for verifying its mechanical behavior. This work helps TRD developers make a better product at the early design stage with lower cost and development time.

In the wake of the large-scale application of high-speed railways in China, the China Railway high-speed (CRH) trains are running at full capacity with the increase of operating speed and diversified service conditions. The complex vibrations have been causing new situations in operation safety and maintenance more often. In the vibration detection and maintenance of train components, some abnormal vibrations were often detected. Using the forced vibration theory for analyzing these detection data, it is impossible to explore the source and mechanism sometimes. In order to find out the source and mechanism of this part of vibration, a new way to analyze the vibration of high-speed trains is proposed in this paper. The theory of self-excited vibration is used to explore the vibration mechanism of train wheel-set under the change of wheel-rail adhesion, and a simplified torsional vibration model based on traction system is established firstly. The model’s negative damping characteristics and frequency response due to speed feedback are analyzed. Then, the self-excited vibration condition is simulated via a CRH train dynamic model under the Wuhan-Guangzhou track spectrum, and the frequency response is analyzed when self-excited vibration occurs. The simulation results show that the self-excited vibration is generated under some conditions of the train operation, and the main frequency of the vibration is coupled with the natural frequency of the components to generate resonance, which can intensify the vibration of the components and result in abnormal vibrations. The new way to analyze vibration can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the operation safety and maintenance of high-speed trains.

The 600 km/h high-speed magnetic levitation technology designed and developed in China lacks the test data at the speed of 600 km/h and the corresponding structural design specifications for high-speed magnetic levitation vehicles. In order to design a safe, reliable, and applicable vehicle structure scheme with high efficiency, the adaptability of key structures of existing high-speed maglev vehicle at the speed of 600 km/h needs to be studied. In order to studying the structural strength of the bogie frame used in Shanghai Maglev Line, a fine finite element model of the bogie frame was first established. The main loads used for studying the structural strength of the bogie structure were then obtained from the high-speed maglev vehicle dynamics simulation platform. According to the service environment, several typical load cases of the bogie frame were proposed. On this basis, the structural strength adaptability of the existing high-speed maglev vehicle bogie frame at the speed of 600 km/h was analyzed. The results show that the structural strength performance of the existing high-speed maglev bogie frame meets the requirements at the speed of 600 km/h. Furthermore, several design suggestions for corresponding component were proposed according to the structural strength analyze results. The methods adopted in this paper and the conclusions obtained in this paper have reference value for the design work of 600 km/h high-speed maglev vehicle in China.

The power spectral density (PSD) analysis of rail roughness is a key problem. It can directly represent the rail roughness level and provide a high-frequency excitation in the train-track coupled model. As there was no PSD for the metro ballastless track, more than 400 samples of rail unevenness of four typical types of track in Beijing Metro were measured and analysed. Besides, according to the existing research, the power function formula was adopted in this paper and the functional expressions of the four typical types of track of the Beijing Metro roughness spectrum were then proposed by using the classic periodogram method.

Studies focus on the propagation characteristics of vibration induced by metro in rock stratum. The typical rock stratum metro in China was selected as the study object. The rail-tunnel-stratum finite element model was established using finite element analysis method. Steel rail, tunnel wall, and ground vibration of different distances above the tunnel were obtained by the “three-dimensional integration” synchronous test method of ground and tunnel vibration. The transmission loss differences of different transmission paths and the vibration transmission characteristics of rock strata were analyzed based on the transfer path analysis method. Results showed that the peak value of ground vibration spectrum was maintained in 12.5~20 Hz or 50~80 Hz due to the transmission loss of low valley frequency band in rock vibration. The vibration in the frequency band of 50~80 Hz was not attenuate with the increase of test distance. Hence, the frequency band was more likely to affect the surrounding environment vibration in the metro operation.

In order to further study the effect of vibration damping and anti-wear of a new rail guard system in the small radius curve section, the new rail guard and no-installation guardrail approximate routes for different speed of online testing, hammer test, and rail corrugation test are conducted. The tests show that with guard rail, the acceleration level of the vertical vibration decreased by 2.2 dB, while the lateral vibration reduced by 3.1 dB. When the train speed increased from 40 km/h to 55 km/h, the vibration acceleration of the rail also increased gradually in both the case with or without the rail guard. The transverse vibration can be reduced by 3.4 dB. At the same time, the rail corrugation is significantly reduced at the wavelength of about 50 mm. The test results show that the installation of new rail guard can restrain the rail vibration and slow the growth of rail corrugation.

As an important passenger flow distribution point of urban traffic network, subway station has a great influence on the future development direction and urban form of the city. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the construction and operation of the station, this paper predicts the future of subway station and considers the existing problems of the subway station at the present stage. The synergetic theory is applied to the space design, operation service, and comprehensive function of the station, and then the design elements and future development trend of the subway station oriented by sustainable development are put forward.

In order to reduce the impact of traffic operation on animal travel in high altitude areas, we propose to consider the ecological traffic operation safeguard measures in high altitude areas. Starting from the special geographical and human conditions in high altitude areas, we conducted a field survey on Gongyu Expressway in Qinghai Province by using the driving sample line method. Firstly, we investigate, analyze, and collect evidence about animal travel in pastoral areas and nature reserves along Gongyu Expressway by consulting experts, visiting local people, and assisting traffic management departments. Then, we analyze the impact of road traffic on animals and environment along the road from the aspects of vehicle-animal collision accident, road traffic impact on environment, habitat barrier, and fragmentation. Investigation and analysis results show that there are collision accidents between vehicles and animals along Gongyu Expressway, the utilization rate of grazing passage is not high, and there is no warning sign of animal crossing. They result in high frequency of vehicle-animal collision accidents and high mortality rate of animals, which have a great impact on the environment, ecology, habitat barrier, and fragmentation along the route. Finally, we designed the warning signs for animals traveling in high altitude areas and put forward suggestions for setting them. According to the national standard JTJ074-94, we optimize the setting of pastoral fence network along the highway. The measures for optimizing the environment of animal passage in wildlife reserve were put forward. They can provide a basis for the specific design work of engineers and technicians, and also provide a theoretical basis for the revision and further improvement of national standards.

The scientific and comprehensive measurements of effectiveness (MOE) is very important to validate the traffic improvement programs for local governments and traffic engineers, such as traffic design, signal control, route guidance. Most previous studies only focused on single indexes (travel delay, speed, the number of stops, throughput, etc.) and homogenous weighted multi-indexes (delay and number of stops), which could not represent the different-level evaluation objective, such as time-consuming cost, environment cost, fuel-consuming cost. Therefore, this study investigated individual vehicle data from floating cars and buses in urban road network under internet of vehicles (IOV), and proposed a new comprehensive traffic ecological performance index (TECOPI) with considering the ecological environment by travel speed, emissions, and fuel consumption. In tests that used field intersection from the central district of Nanchang, China, the proposed TECOPI can reflect the fluctuation tendency of traffic performance under different signal timings. The sensitivity analysis showed that the TECOPI can outperform the exiting single index.

The assessment of potential environmental effects under the actions of urban development is required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The community impact assessment (CIA) is consistent with NEPA requirements by assessing the environmental effects related to transportation activities, which is an important step of the entire decision-making process for the benefit of the community and its residents’ quality of life (QOL). With the sprawl of growing urban areas, it is a common practice to fully or partially re-function an aged forest for a new park and recreation with foreseen economic values, health and environmental benefits, and social importance. The known environmental benefits of parks and recreation include flooding prevention, nature and outdoor recreation of children and family, and so on. However, will those benefits still be there if a park was developed from an aged forest that already possesses sound environmental advantages? This paper compares the transportation and environmental factors of a park in city of Sugarland in state of Texas, USA. Based on the field observation, proper travel demand forecasting, and estimation of relevant air pollution, it is concluded that, though part of the vehicle exhaust emissions from the traffic to and from urban recreational park could be absorbed and buffered by the plantations such as trees of the park and its nearby ranches, considerable amount of greenhouse gas and air pollutants are emitted to the atmosphere, affecting nearby communities. Furthermore, the traffic of the collector roads around the park could generate huge amount of greenhouse gas and air pollution, which intensify the adverse impacts of QOL. It is recommended carefully assessing the impacts on community and QOL during the decision-making process of any new park development.

Nowadays, more and more low-carbon transportation has attracted people's attention. Adding carbon emission environmental cost into transportation will become the mainstream research direction in the future. To implement low carbon transport peremptory became the various countries to implement low carbon energy saving, to win the war in low carbon, the only way to achieve sustainable development. In this article. In this paper, a mathematical model of aviation cost is established by analyzing the transportation cost and carbon emission cost related to aviation network. The feasibility of adopting software to solve the model.

Vehicle perception, namely other vehicle detection and tracking is one of the most critical part in autonomous vehicle system. In recent year, automotive radars have been introduced successfully into this field with sensors in the 24 GHz frequency domain for short range perception and 77 GHz for long range perception. In this paper, a 77 GHz long range millimeter wave radar (LRR) is utilized to detect and track the vehicle simultaneously because we focus on the vehicles moving in front of the ego car at a relatively long distance. In order to approach reality application, an advance constant turn rate and velocity magnitude (CTRV) dynamic model is employed to simulate the target vehicle kinematics. 2D-FFT is used to obtain the velocity and range of the target vehicle. Then, we employ the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to estimate the state of the detected vehicle since its non-linear motion. The whole presented automotive radar system is validated in simulation environment based on some reality scenarios. The results show that the performance of the framework is promising and feasible.

Data of urban transport infrastructure has the characteristics of multiple source, heterogeneity, large quantity, dispersity, and independence. How to efficiently classify, integrate, and interconnect multi-source data has been an urgent problem in the field of transportation infrastructure data processing. To realize the data interconnection of transportation infrastructure under the background of smart city, the Smart City Transportation Infrastructure-Linked Data Framework (SCTI-LDF) is proposed, which combines data activation and multimedia annotation technologies to process and integrate multiple source, heterogeneous, massive, and decentralized data. The overall framework, its functions at each layer, key technologies, and problems to be solved is elaborated. The application scenarios and assumptions of the framework is put forward and its effectiveness is verified by practical engineering case.

Eco-driving applications in the context of signalized intersections have been extensively discussed in previous studies. However, very few of them examined the impacts of eco-driving on the operations and especially, on emission characteristics in a roundabout. This paper attempts to explore the eco-driving impacts on vehicle emissions generated in the situation of a single-lane roundabout through a driving simulator-based test. Twenty subjects were recruited to drive through the roundabout with the aid of an in-vehicle advance voice warning system, which provides advance voice warning messages on an approaching roundabout at different locations, from 150 m to 50 m distance to the stop line of the roundabout. Results showed that, the carbon dioxide emissions in the scenario with an earlier warning message in 150 m trigger distance are less than the one with latter warning message in 50 m trigger distance. Compared with baseline scenarios without warning messages, an early warning message could induce the less emissions in most scenario groups. It is concluded that, under certain circumstances, vehicle emissions can be reduced if the drivers start to decelerate at an approaching distance of 150 m to a roundabout.

Autonomous vehicles are expected to transform the existing transportation system into a safe and efficient future transportation system. The successful deployment and operation of these technologies depend largely on the roadway infrastructure. The existing infrastructure design and operational criteria were developed to meet the needs of human drivers which may not be optimal for AVs. Thus, automated vehicles require strategies that will improve the condition of the current roadway infrastructure before they can be deployed. It is essential to identify the potential changes to design and operational criteria of the roadway to maximize the potential benefits and to ensure successful deployment. This study investigates the impacts of automated vehicles on roadway geometric design elements and evaluates the potential changes in design and operational criteria. The primary focus of this study is the geometric design elements that will directly be affected by the transition from human-driven to fully autonomous vehicles. Stopping sight distance, and length of sag and crest vertical curves are geometric elements directly affected by the implementation of automated vehicles. Stopping sight distance is directly based on drivers’ PRT, in addition to the braking distance. Stopping sight distance will be evaluated using revised parameters to account for the impacts of AVs on highway design elements. Stopping sight distance, and length of sag and crest vertical curves computation will be performed to compare the current model value to the proposed values. Proposed values for these design elements will be presented and their effects will be quantified using quantitative assessment. The current design criteria will be compared with the newly proposed values. Compared with the existing ones, the proposed designs are more economical because shorten curves in general reduce the construction cost by reducing the required earthen work.

This paper presented the development of a novel approach to generate the trajectory for an autonomous vehicle running on a hilly road using approaches of eco-operating modes to minimize the fuel consumption. The study analyzed the ecological approaches for the accelerating mode and the braking mode. First, the curvilinear function of the eco-accelerating mode was developed by analyzing the profiles optimized by the genetic algorithm. Then, the curvilinear function of the eco-braking mode was generated and proved to be effective by the mathematical method. In this development, the fuel consumption model based on the vehicle specific power (VSP) was implemented with road conditions obtained from digital road maps. Subsequently, the development scheme of the vehicle trajectory on the hilly road was proposed by using the eco-accelerating mode, the eco-braking mode, and the cruising mode. It was shown that compared with the fix speed drive (FSD) vehicle, the fuel savings of the ecological speed drive (ESD) vehicle were 1.8%, 3.9%, 4.5%, and 3.4% when running on an up slope, a down slope, an up-down slope, and a down-up slope, respectively. Finally, when the proposed approach was adopted on a simulation network, its ability to reduce the fuel consumption was analyzed under different traffic volumes and market penetration rates of ESD vehicles.

With the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence technology, autonomous driving has increasingly become a research hotspot in the field of transportation. Based on the basic meaning and development status of the overall automatic driving, the requirements of urban driving infrastructure for different levels of automatic driving are analyzed. From the theoretical level, the influence of autonomous driving on road capacity is analyzed. Two road networks are constructed by TransModeler simulation software. The effects of different levels of autonomous driving on road capacity and intersection delay were evaluated. In order to control other variables, only the one-way street is used to simulate the autopilot capacity, while the traffic delay is simulated by a single intersection. The study found that in a one-way two-lane environment, the traffic capacity under automatic driving conditions is about 63.74% higher than that of manned driving, but there is no significant difference between different levels of autonomous driving capacity; in the intersection environment, it is indicated automated driving can reduce the average delay of the intersection by 1%, but there is little difference between different levels of autonomous driving. The research results show that in the L4 level automatic driving environment, high-adaptive traffic signal control system, Beidou/GPS system ground enhancement station, high-precision positioning, roadside alarm unit, and other facilities should be constructed in the L5-level automatic driving environment. The networked vehicle system based on 5G technology and the implementation of the vehicle basic data interaction platform and artificial intelligence should be upgraded. Under the conditions of automatic driving, the road capacity is significantly improved, and the delay of the intersection is significantly reduced, indicating that the automatic driving has a good improvement effect on the road traffic operation state.