ICCREM 2017: Real Estate and Urbanization

Generally, buildings have to be adapted to vary user requirements. In addition to shorter utilization cycles, also the types of use vary. The relatively high vacancy rate of office buildings in Germany and many other European countries show the necessity of suitable concepts for several uses. The purpose is to plan and realize buildings, which can be transformed to different use types with limited resources. Thus, the risk of potential vacancy rates can be minimized and the value retention can be ensured. In the present paper, variable office buildings will be analyzed and presented from the economic point of view. The modeling and simulation of construction costs, taking into account the risks, will be specifically discussed. These studies build the basis for the economic evaluation of different scenarios for the conversion of office buildings. The presented results were developed in the research project P1118 of the research association FOSTA AIF.

Maintenance of large real estate portfolios constitutes a significant challenge for their owners. Different corporate goals create a tension field that needs systematic approaches to be resolved. An owner might strive for a given level of maintenance quality to satisfy the occupiers’ needs or to uphold the value of their assets. Then again real estate is very capital intensive, so that cash strapped owners might opt for forgoing maintenance actions that seem not to be necessary. To decide which of the above stated goals is to be pursued information needs to be gathered and processed. We analyze different methods for maintenance planning and budgeting from before advent of readily available computer systems and modern solutions and discuss their implications. Finally, we will deduce which methods are suited for which type of owner and will especially showcase the need for simple solutions for specific organizations.

The phenomenon of human interest towards other living organism and nature becomes the basic principles of more natural design—popularly known as biophilic design. One of the property types claimed as biophilic design by the developer is condovilla. Condovilla is a low-rise residential that combines the luxury of a condo and the beauty of the environment of a villa. This study aimed at: (1) evaluating whether condovilla falls into the category biophilic design; and (2) seeking on how much is personal tendency to be close to nature (biophilia) influences the buying decisions for a condovilla. Using mixed method with sequential explanatory strategy, the research found that: (1) the level of biophilia does influence the purchasing decision; (2) condovilla is one of the residential properties applying the biophilic design patterns; and (3) biophilia is not the key factor which affects the purchasing decision as there are other contributing factors such as price, location, and the physical building.

There are three aspects in the business of sharia housing property where the implementation is based on the Islamic principles i.e., property design, property development, and financial transaction. But developers of sharia housing in Bekasi emphasize the implementation on transaction only. Developers seem pay less attention on the implementation of the other two aspects, especially on the landed housing. This study observed at the implementation of Islamic principles carried out by the developer. The method used in this study is mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative, by using sequential explanatory strategy. The research found that there are strong indications that the developers of sharia housing in Bekasi have poor understanding of Islamic principles on housing.

Variation has been an immanent part of the construction industry and it plays an important role in determining the final cost of construction projects. In Nigeria, Lagos State particularly, variation occurs in large magnitude. This study investigates the effect of variation on project cost in Lagos State and then recommends control measures as provided by respondents. The study involves a preliminary study of the valuation documents of 18 building projects to extract the variation costs in them. These costs were matched with project costs to determine the percentage contribution of variation to project cost. The control measures for variation were based on interview of 35 construction experts. The data for the study was analyzed with frequencies, sums, and percentages. From the documents investigated, a total of 569 variations were identified and 42.2% of them were additional works, 53.1% were change in quality, timing, and dimensions of work and 4.7% were omission of works. The study also found that 12.5% of building projects have 1–5% variation, 43.7% of projects have 5–10% variation, 12.5% of projects have 10–15% variation and 31.3% of projects have more than 15% variation. The recommendations for controlling variations are: clients should provide clear and concise project brief, application of contract price fluctuation system, and involvement of contractors in the design process.

The relations among per capita disposable income, the total retail sales of consumer goods and the investment of commercial real estate have been investigated in previous studies throughout the world. However, owning to increasing economic development in China, their relationship in this situation is different and complex. It has been acknowledged that growing urban residents’ per capita disposable income would lead to the incensement of residents’ consumption (e.g., the total retail sales of consumer goods), which finally stimulates the business development. In this process, it inevitably enhances the investment of commercial real estate. The urban Engel coefficient decreased from 39.4% in 2000, to 29.3% in 2016. This facilitates the development of large-scale commercial complex. Thus, commercial real estate investment is rising. Under the background, this paper explores the relationship between the total retail sales of consumer goods and large-scales commercial real estate by taking Chongqing as an example. This study finds that: (1) there is a common trend toward the increment of total retail sales of consumer goods and the area of commercial business premises; and (2) the ratio of TRSCG/ICBP fluctuates with the range of 10,000 Yuan per square meters from 1996 to 2006, 20,000 Yuan per square meters from 2007 to 2016. Especially, this ratio declines from 2015 to 2016, and then remains at around 10,000 Yuan per square meters. This indicates that 10,000 Yuan total retail sales of consumer goods corresponding to 1 m² of commercial real estate can be seen an indicator, which reflects the steadily growing of economic and society in Chongqing.

In recent years, Beijing real estate price increase continually. The government has introduced a number of policies to curb real estate prices, but the prices stay high. Monthly data such as per capita GDP were handled through co-integrating, granger causality test and other methods to analyze influencing factors on Beijing real estate price alteration from Mar 2010 to Sep 2016. Results indicated that there is a uni-direction causality between real estate price and per capita GDP, and GDP is the factor driving changes in real estate price; real estate investment and per capita disposable income can promote real estate prices, but the effect is relatively weak. We can conclude that Beijing real estate market was in non-equilibrium conditions. So, proper macro-controlling policies were needed to make assure the real estate industry in exuberance.

This paper explores the relationship between sold area of commercial building, average sold price of commercial building, and total retail sales of consumer goods. A theoretical model of those three variables is constructed through introducing the concept of “macro-Pingxiao,” which is assumed to influence the average sold price positively. And an empirical analysis of the theoretical model is presented by using the data from Chongqing for the period 1999–2014. The theoretical and empirical analysis show the findings: (1) according to the empirical test, the theoretical model can well estimate the relationship between sold area of commercial building, average sold price of commercial building, and total retail sales of consumer goods, (2) a linear relationship between average sold price and “macro-Pingxiao” is verified significantly and average sold price always lags “macro-Pingxiao” for 1 year, and (3) this research can also provide a new method to measure the “macro-Pingxiao” of a whole city, which can show a city’s commercial property well-run or not, and the operating efficiency of commercial property for Chongqing is slightly superior to break-even.

As the decision maker of a company, management plays a crucial role in the enterprise’s growth. This paper studies the relationship between management incentives and the growth of listed real estate companies by using the empirical analysis method. Above all, it selects the listed real estate companies from 2011 to 2015 in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange. Furthermore, it uses principal component analysis to build the evaluation system of the growth of the companies consisting of nine financial indicators. Finally, controlling the factors such as the size of the companies and the state-owned shares ratio, it explains the relationship between management incentives and the growth of companies by using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis in which independent variable is the growth and the dependent variables are annual per capital income of management, shareholding ratio, paid staff ratio, holding stock proportion. This paper aims at improving the management incentive policies of the listed real estate companies and providing suggestions for promoting the enterprise development.

Housing is one of the fundamentals for the society and housing affordability is one of the key factors related to the socioeconomic stability and development of a country. This research attempts to examine the issue of housing affordability from the micro household perspective in Cheng Du on a set of online questionnaire data. Including not only income, housing provident fund and other economic attributes, this study also focuses on the important implication of social capital for households’ house-purchasing decisions. The analysis shows that the household affordability is highly related to their social-economic conditions, such as their age, birthplace, income, and housing provident fund. This research provides new explanation for the homeownership condition in urban China. It helps deepen our understanding of the rationales behind the housing purchasing decision and will have meaningful implications to the practitioners.

The audit risk of real estate listed companies fluctuates a lot because of the large capital demand, the long period of projects, and the strong influence of national policies. In this paper, we choose data of real estate industry enterprises of China’s A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2015 as samples and select characteristic financial indicators of real estate industry as influencing factors such as the asset-liability ratio, deposit received income ratio, and return on equity index by using descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression method to find out the influence degree of different factors on real estate listed companies. Therefore, these findings would serve to lower the audit risk of real estate industry and improve the quality of audit by finding out the connection between financial indexes of real estate listed companies and audit opinions, which would draw certified public accountants’ attention during the audit of real estate listed companies.

In recent years, the rising of house prices in the first-tier cities has caused tremendous pressure and panic to the whole society. It has become the focus in different sectors of the society on how real estate companies, whose purpose are profit, undertake the social responsibility. To determine the real estate listed companies’ social responsibility and how much the responsibility is, we need to clarify the relationship between the social responsibility and real estate listed companies’ financial performance. The paper takes the real estate listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share market from 2011 to 2015 as samples to verify the influence of the real estate listed companies’ social responsibility on financial performance. We analyze the effect of social responsibilities’ each indicator on a real estate company’s financial performance. It also puts forward the corresponding measures to guide the listed real estate companies to treat the social responsibility in the view of long-term development.

The scarcity of high quality educational resources has led to the high price of school district housing, which makes the price of school district has became a hot issue. Based on second-hand housing prices data of Shenzhen in November 2016, hedonic price model (HPM) has been established in this paper to quantify the impact of primary school quality on housing prices; then, considering the spatial effect, the geographically weighted regression model (GWRM) has been built to explore the problem of school district housing, which could be used to analysis the impact and spatial heterogeneity of primary schools on housing prices. The results show that: (1) on the regression effect, the GWRM is significantly better than HPM; (2) in the same area, the school characteristics of the school grade and the distance between schools and residences are not consistent to the impact on housing prices; and (3) considering the spatial effect, it is found that the same primary quality have different impact on housing prices in different regions, and there are significant spatial heterogeneity. These results would help the government to allocate educational resources and alleviate the polarization between rich and poor caused by educational resources.

As an important part of the national economy, real estate industry belongs to the capital-intensive industries. Therefore, during the project development process it requires a lot of money. Since 2010, the state has issued a series of real estate regulation policies, which bring huge influence on real estate enterprise financing. Base on the national real estate policies, we select nearly 5 years financial data of 123 listed real estate companies, using the Malmquist index method to analyze the financing efficiency of real estate companies. The results showed that the integral level of real estate enterprise financing efficiency is low; a serious shortage of scale efficiency and excessive financing phenomenon exist. According to the results, we put forward to some related suggestions which are suitable for the situation of our country.

In recent years, China’s commercial apartment price had raised rapidly, which lead to the urban residents’ apartment problem became more and more serious. And the affordable apartment had become the main way to ease the living problem for low-income groups. Although the affordable apartment was vigorous expansion in China, from the overall look, the imbalance between supply and demand was still obviously. For balancing the demand and supply of affordable apartment, this paper establishes the demand forecasting model of affordable apartment which based on residents’ apartment affordability. Compared with income level, apartment affordability can more reliable to forecast the demand. The empirical analysis is conducted by using the data of Tianjin Xiqing District on the basis of the questionnaire to forecast the affordable apartment demand in 2016. The result not only can show the feasibility of the model but also can show that compared with the grey model, the model in this paper is more suitable for forecasting the affordable apartment demand.

The excessive increase in housing price and the failure of government control to realize expected goals have become a prominent problem confronted by the Chinese real estate market in its development. In this paper, the methods such as documentary analysis and investigations are used to expound the key elements in influencing housing price and the challenges facing the market. The root causes for such challenges are analyzed. It is concluded that in order to promote a sound development of the Chinese real estate market it is essential to make innovations in public resource management, and deepen the reform of real estate market resource allocation. It is also necessary to build a real estate-related government performance evaluation system, having a sound early-warning and regulatory mechanism for the transaction and construction of public resources, and a sound government accountability mechanism regarding the development of real estate market. These measures will force local governments to regulate their real estate market rigorously. By effectively implementing the policies for regulating the real estate market, it is then possible to establish the scientific and sustainable development of real estate market in China.

In recent years, with the commercial housing prices rising, governments around the country have introduced many policies to deal with, such as the purchase of credit limit and a series of measures, these measures are gradually influencing the trend of the price of housing market. In commercial housing mutually affected by many factors and complex relationship, the impact of new policy in the near future purchase credit limit plus, carry out the analysis certainly is difficult to achieve the effects of the factors, by using the principle of system dynamics can solve this problem, constructs the influence factor system of commercial housing price formation, what effect factors affect the price, to provide some help for the development of future price dynamic trend and policy. In this paper, a China city of Wuhan as an example, the system dynamics simulation model, using the data of Wuhan statistical yearbook of the test error, draw a correct within the error of the simulation model, then make a further analysis of the influence factor of the model.

The cash flow is a comprehensive reflection of the company daily business activities, revealing a certain accounting period operating results. The cash flow and dividend policy are positively correlated with each other theoretically. However, the dividend policy of listed companies in China has strong Chinese characteristics. At the same time, the real estate industry is a capital intensive industry, and it requires higher quality of cash flow. They add the relationship between dividend policy and cash flow of real estate listed companies in China some uncertainty. To explore the relationship between cash flow and dividend policy, an empirical study was performed with the data from 2011 to 2015 of real estate listing corporations which public in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange A share as the research sample. This paper puts forward reasonable proposals for real estate companies to formulate reasonable dividend policy, at the same time, for investors to provide useful information to make the right investment decisions.

In China, the aging of population is becoming more and more serious, how to provide good service houses for the senior citizen has become an important social problem. Establishing service houses for the senior citizen to live together, providing appropriate service, and then solving the problem which is foreign experience worth learning. How to set up site selection index of old-age real estate with regional characteristics the main content of this paper. Therefore, this paper aims to do the following things: (1) firstly, identify the factors influencing the site selection of old-age real estate. Through literature analysis, interviews, questionnaire survey and expert consult, initial site selection factors of old-age real estate are identified: the geographical environment, living convenience and cost; and (2) secondly, it needs to collect and analyse data and establish the model of site selection. At last, combining with the results, we can put forward some suggestions for reference.

Health care is the development of the national economy to a certain stage, the public enjoy the ecological products and the pursuit of a better life needs. Panzhihua is a heavy industrial resource-based city, with the economic structure of the adjustment, with its unique sunshine, air and other natural resources, is to create health tourism real estate and achieve sustainable economic development. Based on the theory of system dynamics, the health care housing market system of Panzhihua City is modeled, and the system is divided into six subsystems: population employment, economy and financial, land supply, enterprise, health tourism, and housing supply and demand. Subsystems of environmental quality, mountain disaster, and other parameters are the key. According to the statistical data of Panzhihua City, this research analyzes the influence mechanism, constructs the model of housing system, simulates the development of market in the past 5 years, and forecasts the development trend in the next 10 years, and further proposed with the health-related policy recommendations of promoting the healthy and stable development of Panzhihua City.

In this paper, the system dynamics model is used to model the interaction mechanism between urban residential land price and urban economy. Based on the theoretical analysis of the above interactive mechanism, this paper analyzes the land price and related economic statistics data from 2005 to 2015 in Nanning, and finds out the key factors that affect the price of urban residential land. It accurately forecasts and simulates the land price of Nanning and its development trend. And the sustainable development of the perspective of how local governments through the initiative to adjust the land policy to speed up urban economic construction and promote the development of the city.

As the important investment objects, the frequency and severity of fluctuation in the real estate market and the stock market shall have a great influence on the entire capital market, which plays an vital role in the economic development and livelihood issues. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to study the correlation of price fluctuation between the two markets. This study selects the Shanghai composite index in the stock market and monthly sale of commercial residential building in the real estate market, and the data interval is from 2006 to 2015. Then, we make statistical characteristics analysis and stability test for data with Eviews software. In order to make linkage study for prices in the real estate market and the stock market, we conduct the test of the relevance between the two markets by Granger causality test and VAR model. At last, we put forward relevant suggestions for existing risks and problems in the development process of Chinese real estate market and stock market.

In this paper, we used all the A-share real estate listed companies in China as the sample. Based on the micro-company’s financial data of the year 2015–2016, we selected 15 financial indicators to carry on the factor analysis, and 5 common factors, including the profitability factor, the solvency factor, and the growth ability factor, were extracted. We used multiple common linear regression models with five common factors and systemic risk indicators calculated by the capital asset pricing models, and the study found that the common factors had a significant impact on the systemic risk of the real estate listed companies in China and the impact level of the common factors on systemic risk.

Investment environment is the basis and premise of investment which determine the real estate industry cannot develop well without the improvement of investment environment. In this study, it will extract 25 indicators and analyze the economic environment, market environment, infrastructure environment, and social environment of 17 cities in Shandong Province by applying principal component analysis. Then through cluster analysis, real estate investment environment of 17 cities in Shandong Province is divided into five levels. The result indicates that there are obvious regional differences in the real estate investment environment in Shandong Province, which shows a spatial distribution characteristics that Qingdao is the highest, then eastern cities, and the western cities is the lowest. Finally, according to the conclusion, the paper puts forward the strategies and countermeasures to improve the real estate investment in Shandong.

This paper aims to make a theoretical and empirical analysis on the factors affecting the real estate industry in Harbin by using the data of real estate industry in Harbin from 2000 to 2015 and establishing multiple regression models. The study finds that there is a significantly positive correlation between the development of real estate industry in Harbin and six factors, which are the urbanization level, the industrialization level, the economic development level, the degree of regional development, the housing consumption demand level, and the government investment expenditure. Among them, the urbanization level and the government investment expenditure are two predominant factors. The study also finds that the second industry could curb the development of the real estate industry in certain conditions. Therefore, to promote the urbanization level and improve the government investment expenditure can effectively accelerate real estate industry development.

Social responsibility can reduce the increasingly prominent environmental pressure of major infrastructure projects (MIPs), enhance the core competitiveness of the project. Social responsibility management is crucial for MIPs’ sustainable development. This study takes Chinese major infrastructure projects as objects of study to test the relationships between social responsibility and spiritual leadership. This paper firstly identifies the driving factors of social responsibility of major infrastructure projects (MIP-SR), on this basis, the analysis of the mode of action of the three dimensions of spiritual leadership on the MIP-SR, and constructs a theoretical model of spiritual leadership-social responsibility. Finally, from the perspective of spiritual leadership, this research analyzes the implementation path of MIP-SR. Generally, spiritual leadership is favorable for realization of MIP-SR.

Compared with urban regions, there is relatively less research on the disaster resistance ability of infrastructure in village and town regions. The lower disaster resistance ability of infrastructure has negative impacts on the post-disaster prevention and rehabilitation of village and town regions. It is necessary that the disaster resistance ability of infrastructure in village and town regions is assessed specialized. This paper reviewed previous studies on the disaster resistance ability of infrastructure and its assessment method in village and town regions. Then, the evaluation system is constructed for the disaster resistance ability of infrastructure in village and town regions. This evaluation system includes three sub-evaluation systems: road evaluation system, distribution network evaluation system, and electricity evaluation system. Cloud model is used to calculate the weight of evaluation index. Finally, through the actual assessment of the Shenzhen Tuyang Village to find the local infrastructure is at a moderate level, which in urgent need of improvement.

Taking Guangzhou as a sample, this article uses empirical analysis method, with ordinal multi-categorical logistic regression model, in the research of the personal attributes, economic characteristics, and housing characteristics of migrant workers, how the housing satisfaction is influenced by such three characteristic dimensionalities. It is found that family income levels, the housing areas, and the average housing areas per capital are obviously influencing the housing satisfaction; but the individual characteristics, such as ages, marriage status, educational backgrounds, have unremarkable influences to the housing satisfaction. The suggestions include that while providing security housing, the working characteristics of the migrant workers should be taken into consideration, in the location selections of material security products, attentions should be paid to the combination with the original city residents, and the long termed targets of household registration system reform should be planned, so that the city and countryside integration with security housing system would be realized.

Based on the perspective of the major function-oriented zoning (MFOZ), this paper discusses the new evaluation methods of the key development zones which are the important areas of urban modernization. The research constructs the performance evaluation system which reflects the core function of the key development zones, puts forward a joint model of the entropy method and the gray correlation analysis, and selects 23 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River for empirical analysis. The results show that the evaluation system is more objective in the new perspective due to embody the assessment requirements of the development differences of the function zones, thus this paper puts forward the suggestions for the urbanization development to promote the function formation of the key development zones.

Infrastructure is foundation of development of national economy and society, and is always involved in large amount of investment and construction. However, infrastructure projects have been confronted with many problems including obsolete management methods, low efficiency, and recurring safety accidents. As a trend to utilize more internet-based applications, it has also become urgent for infrastructure development to adopt advanced technologies, improve project management system, and enhance the management performance. Under the guideline of systematic engineering theory, this paper was aimed to establish a framework of life-cycle intellectual management platform for infrastructure projects (LIMP-IP). Based on the decomposition of management elements, infrastructure project management was divided to five subsystems (processes, objectives, organizations, objects, and technologies). The proposed LIMP-IP contained nine major management functions, including industry information sharing, online collaborative management, decision support, and so on. The management platform might be further integrated with different systems or software of infrastructure project management. The final production of LIMP-IP was expected to contribute to the integration and coordination of different phases, parties, and techniques, so as to facilitate the realization of project objectives.

In order to improve the urban environment and solve incorrect municipal pipelines arrangement, the Chinese central government has launched the pilot activities of the sponge city and underground utility tunnel construction since April 2015. Each large city has made the master plans and construction schedules of the sponge city and underground utility tunnel. This paper describes the status quo of the sponge city and underground utility tunnel construction in China. Some case studies on design and construction of the sponge city facilities and underground utility tunnels were addressed. The problems of the sponge city and underground utility tunnel facilities during plan, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and management periods were analyzed. The Chinese experience such as adoption of public and private partnership mode, pilot city campaign, and innovative technology utilization can be applied to the infrastructure construction in other developing countries.

There are a lot of old communities in Guangzhou. In old communities, the houses are old and the infrastructures are insufficient, so property management in the old communities is very difficult and maybe it will affect the social harmony and stability. The article mixes the community governance theories into property management to research how to improve the property management in old communities. It investigates and analyses Donghu new village community property management pattern. At last, new mechanisms are proposed to promote property management in the old communities.

At present, China’s binary system barriers lead to inequality between urban and rural areas and land mismatch between supply and demand. Land urbanization proceeds faster than the population urbanization. Citizenization of migrant-workers is obstructed and assets gap is huge between urban and rural areas. This article indicates that equality of people and land between rural and urban area can be realized through institutional reform, free flow of the population, and free land transfer. Through the mechanism innovation, in line with the new type of laws of urbanization and land space planning, it is able to establish dynamic mechanisms and paths, constructed on a core of “migration of the stream of people and money”.

As an important pillar of the national economy, the real estate industry has a pivotal position in the economic development of the society, therefore, its enormous social influence also requires real estate companies to fulfill the social responsibility in a higher standard. However, during the booming of China’s real estate business, there have been some social issues which cannot be underestimated; the social problems, especially some at the expense of the majority of the public interest in blind pursuit of profit maximization, have aroused the concern of whole society on the real estate companies’ fulfillment of the social responsibility. Taking the real estate listed companies as the research object, this paper adopts empirical research method to explore the correlations between the social responsibility and the financial performance of real estate corporate.

Land is the carrier of housing. In order to meet the housing need of urban residents, the land scale expansion of urban housing has become an inevitable trend. Optimizing the land resources allocation of urban housing is not only the requirement to solve the housing contradiction and to stabilize the development of real estate market, but also the need to ensure people’s livelihood and stability and to promote harmony and development, which is beneficial for realizing the goal of constructing a harmonious society. The present essay analyzes the problems of the land resources allocation of urban housing in China and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions based on those problems, aiming at improving the housing land system in China and promoting the land resources optimization and allocation of urban housing.

Based on the field investigation, this study analyzed the problems in the planning, construction, operation, and management of the high speed railway in Guangdong Province. From the viewpoints of innovation of high speed railway construction management mode, introduction of public and private partnership (PPP) mode, optimization planning, effective land use, and improving the high speed railway operation safety, some suggestions on the construction management, safe operation, development of high speed railway economy, and the revitalization of the economy in East, West, and North Guangdong were put forth. The suggestions such as PPP mode adoption, making reasonable design, and developing the high speed railway economy are also very helpful to the high speed railway construction in other coastal regions in China.

With rapid development of construction industry, the amount and complexity of Smart City of construction information are growing, because the construction scale is much larger and the process is more complicated than before. Although construction industry in China has an increasing investment on informationization and application of emerging information technologies research in recent years, there are many problems on Smart City and emerging information technologies. Theory of New-type Smart City in China is proposed by China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC). Moreover, application and integration of emerging IT within new-type Smart City are analyzes, such as internet of things, BIM, ubiquitous computing, and 4D visualization. The research indicates the direction of subsequent theory research and practice research on new-type Smart City in China.

Qualified with functions of matter, culture, and economy, urban public spaces mirror the complexities of societies. Over the last couple of decades, urban areas in Chinese context have been engaged in increasing initiatives and practices with views to intensively utilize land resources and facilitate people’s life. Echoing with these, the complex urban public spaces (CUPSs) with multi-layer structure integrated in three-dimensional space have been constructed in many cities and resulted in crowded people in each layer. The CUPSs are subjected to various risks due to complex structure and crowded people. Gaining resilience and enhancing risk resistance ability of CUPSs are indispensable but indeed difficult as it is determined by lots of influencing factors. In response, this paper intends to conduct a research on the exploration of critical factors for the resilience of CUPSs. Content analysis, expert investigation, and analytic hierarchy process will be adopted for the identification, analysis, and contribution evaluation of the critical factors. Prospectively, the critical factors in a sound taxonomy to break down the resilience will be obtained. The main findings of this research could provide useful and informal references for governors and policy makers to enhance the resilience of CUPSs.

Green infrastructure is a green space network, which implements multifunctional use of natural resources and improves the quality of people’s life. This paper determines seven functions of green infrastructure with the guidance of solving the existing problems and the three levels of green infrastructure implementation, refines summarized eight stakeholders, builds the 26 roles on the implementation of green infrastructure, and then establishes a relationship model between the eight stakeholders and the 26 roles. In order to ensure the key stakeholders involved in green infrastructure implementation, the article puts forward the safeguard measures. This paper provides academic reference for the green infrastructure implementation.

With the development of higher education in China, the level of colleges and universities has become an important indicator of comprehensive development strength of the city. The impact on colleges and universities on the surrounding housing prices and land prices has also become increasingly prominent in recent years. Based on the analysis of the literature, this paper summarizes the important indicators of the development of colleges and universities on the basis of predecessors’ research to analyze the price level of the surrounding areas. Based on the statistic method, this paper starts with the analysis of academic level and price difference of the university, and takes the influence between the resources of the university in Harbin as the research object, establishes the Harbin housing price model and the characteristic price model respectively, quantitatively analyzes the different colleges and universities on the impact on housing prices mechanism. The results show that there is a direct relationship between the distribution of universities and the price of housing. The universities provide a positive capitalization effect on housing prices, and the residents can improve the quality of their peripheral education and the convenience of living by paying the additional price.

In recent years, along with the smart city concept, the smart city construction has been concerned at home and abroad. In order to measure the development level of the smart city, this paper constructs the smart city galaxy structure model and its evaluation system based on the connotation of the smart city and the influence factors of the smart urban development. The weight of each dimension is calculated by entropy method, then the evaluation system of galaxy structure model tries to be applicated with the instance. The main value of the model of the smart city galaxy structure and its evaluation system is to realize the operability of the concept of smart city, and to provide a useful reference for further promoting smart city development level.

With the accelerating rate of urban construction, the construction of urban subway system has becoming increasingly faster. However, as a relative isolated environment, there are a variety of problems that may seriously threaten the health of subway staff and passengers, for example, the insufficient natural ventilation, the lack of natural lighting and the highly crowded people with high mobility. Besides, it is easy to cause the spread of disease. Based on a comprehensive literature review and experts interview, this paper will summarize the connotation of the micro-environmental health vulnerability of urban subway system, i.e., exposure, sensitivity, and resilience. Moreover, according to the characteristics of subway micro-environment, there will be an exposure analysis, a sensitivity analysis, and an resilience analysis of people and subway. Thus, a vulnerability model of urban subway micro-environment will be built. The purpose of this paper is to avoid the possible hidden dangers of subway micro-environment and to provide the guidance on environmental management for subway operation.

At present, the price of China’s real estate market has been maintained at high level, which brought great pressure for people’s lives. China’s real estate began to grow rapidly since 2002, and its speed is much higher than the growth rate of GDP over the same period. At the same time, the proportion of real estate investment has maintained rapid growth, and high prices have brought a series of social problems. This paper made brief description for the feasibility of central bank’s monetary policy tool to regulate the price of real estate. Monetary policy is the policy measure Central bank used for a macro-control goal; it includes all kinds of control and the regulation of money supply and credit scale. It is feasible to use the monetary policy tool to regulate the price of real estate.

The lack of consideration to housing supply-side factors is the main cause for the frequent failure in the macro-control over the housing market in China. The housing supply elasticity manifests as the sensitivity of the housing supply change rate to the housing price change. Therefore, in the implementation of housing regulation policies, supply elasticity is an important consideration factor in the housing supply side. China’s housing regulation and control policies are designed mainly based on the large long-term housing price elasticity. In this paper, panel data from 34 large and medium-sized cities was based to measure the housing supply elasticity in China, and find that China’s housing market supply is generally inelastic. Moreover, the housing supply elasticity of each city was measured separately, and a regional comparative analysis was made to identify factors affecting the supply elasticity.

Smart city is the new direction, current mode and building ideas of city construction. This paper selects 13 indexes to evaluation the smart city from internet infrastructure, smart industry, convenient service, and precise governance, through expert and the city managers advice at first. Then, the method of principal component analysis is used to evaluate the smart capability of 36 cites, they are divided into four types by the cluster analysis. The smart city construction path is analysis as the typical cases of Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Qingdao, and Guiyang. At last, this paper puts forward the five peed smart city construction countermeasures, according to the smart city construction problems.