A Framework for Assessing the Bearing Capacity of Sandy Coastal Soils from Remotely Sensed Moisture Contents
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 10
Abstract
The strength of partially saturated sand is critical for addressing engineering challenges such as beach trafficability or coastal erosion. Mapping strength remotely would allow for surficial geotechnical characterization despite reduced site access. A framework for estimating and mapping the bearing capacity of sandy beach soils from remotely sensed moisture contents and standard sand characteristics is presented. Toward this goal, the variability of relevant sediment parameters (, , dry unit weights, porosities, moisture contents, and angles of repose) were documented for the quartz sand beach located near the US Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, and were assumed to follow normal distributions. Concurrently, in situ bearing capacity measurements were recorded using a portable free fall penetrometer (PFFP). Measured values were compared to bearing capacities derived using a model for partially saturated sands, resulting in a correlation coefficient, , of 0.83 for stations where sediment samples were collected simultaneously. When sediment data was unknown, standard characteristics for medium sand were used to estimate the bearing capacity, yielding when compared to PFFP deployments. For stations where the estimated and measured bearing capacities did not match (residuals ), impacts of upward-directed hydraulic gradients, rapid changes in moisture content, and unit weight estimates are discussed. Finally, the proposed framework is applied to spatially estimate bearing capacities using moisture contents derived from satellite-based data and medium sand characteristics to suggest the safest pathways for a test vehicle. Moisture contents were derived from an optical WorldView-4 image and an image from the X-band synthetic aperture radar Cosmo-SkyMed 2 satellite. The spatial estimates of moisture content and bearing capacity generally follow the expected trends for both images. Shortcomings of the framework for predicting the safest path are discussed, and an alternative analysis using moisture contents is presented.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available in a repository online in accordance with funder data retention policies (Paprocki 2022a).
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for funding this project through Grant N00014-18-1-2435. The authors also thank Hans Graber, Julia DiLeo, and Raymond Turner of CSTARS for assistance with image collection, as well as the technical staff at the USACE-FRF including Jesse McNinch, Pat Dickhut, and Jason Pipes for assistance with site access and data collection. Finally, the authors would like to thank Nick Brilli and the Virginia Tech Coastal and Marine Geotechnics research group for their assistance in data collection.
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 10 • October 2023
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Received: Sep 15, 2022
Accepted: Apr 10, 2023
Published online: Jul 27, 2023
Published in print: Oct 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Dec 27, 2023
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