Evaluation of Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Terminal Blend Rubberized Asphalt Incorporating Polymer
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 9
Abstract
Waste tires, used in combination with polymers, have been extensively employed in the construction of asphalt pavements. The performance of these hybrid asphalts varies depending on the manufacturing process, the characteristics of the neat binder, and other factors. The present study aims to investigate the effect of crumb rubber, polymer, and neat asphalt on physicochemical and rheological properties of terminal blend rubberized asphalt (TBRA). Thermal gravimetric (TG) testing was performed to analyze the component distribution of different crumb rubber modifiers (CRMs). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and solubility and storage stability tests were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of TBRA binders. The rotational viscosity (RV) test, high-temperature performance grade (PG), and rheological master curve were used to compare the rheological properties of various TBRA binders, respectively. Results indicated that crumb rubber and neat binder characteristics, as well as the addition of polymer, impact TBRA performance. However, the influence of neat binder and polymer is more significant than that of crumb rubber. The primary differences in the physicochemical properties of TBRA prepared with different crumb rubber types are related to solubility and degradation degree. The interaction between Zhonghai neat asphalt and crumb rubber is weaker than that of ESSO and Jinshan asphalt, as evidenced by a comparison of molecular weight distribution. Moreover, 3.0% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer can significantly improves the elastic property of TBRA produced with ESSO neat asphalt, which is evidenced by similar phase angle plateau region with 4.5% SBS modified asphalt.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially sponsored by Youth Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China (Grant No. KJQN202100725), Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China (Grant No. cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0637), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51808073), Project of Chongqing Joint Training Base for Postgraduates (Grant No. JDLHPYJD2020014), and Research and Innovation Program for Graduate Students in Chongqing (Grant No. CYS23482).
Author contributions: W. Huang: Conceptualization. N. Tang: Experimental design; Data collection; Analysis and interpretation of results; Draft manuscript preparation; Funding acquisition. S. Liu: Data collection. G. Hao: Analysis and interpretation of results. C. Xue: Draft manuscript preparation. H. Zhu: Supervision. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
References
Ameli, A., A. H. Pakshir, R. Babagoli, A. Habibpour, N. Norouzi, and S. Davoudinezhad. 2021. “The effects of gilsonite and crumb rubber on moisture damage resistance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 274 (Jan): 122052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122052.
Asgharzadeh, S. M., N. Tabatabaee, K. Naderi, and M. Partl. 2012. “An empirical model for modified bituminous binder master curves.” Mater. Struct. 46 (Dec): 1459–1471. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9988-x.
Asgharzadeh, S. M., N. Tabatabaee, K. Naderi, and M. Partl. 2013. “Evaluation of rheological master curve models for bituminous binders.” Mater. Struct. 48 (Oct): 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0191-5.
ASTM. 2023. Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402/D4402M-23. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Billiter, T. C., R. R. Davison, C. J. Glover, and J. A. Bullin. 1997. “Production of asphalt-rubber binders by high-cure conditions.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1586 (1): 50–56. https://doi.org/10.3141/1586-07.
Chen, F., and J. Qian. 2003. “Studies of the thermal degradation of waste rubber.” Waste Manage. 23 (6): 463–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(03)00090-4.
Daly, W. H., I. Negulescu, and S. S. Balamurugan. 2013. Implementation of GPC characterization of asphalt binders at Louisiana materials laboratory. Baton Rouge, LA: Dept. of Chemistry Louisiana State Univ.
Duan, K., C. Wang, J. Liu, L. Song, Q. Chen, and Y. Chen. 2022. “Research progress and performance evaluation of crumb-rubber-modified asphalts and their mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 361 (Nov): 129687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129687.
Fernández-Berridi, M. J., N. González, A. Mugica, and C. Bernicot. 2006. “Pyrolysis-FTIR and TGA techniques as tools in the characterization of blends of natural rubber and SBR.” Thermochim. Acta 444 (1): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2006.02.027.
Han, L., M. Zheng, and J. Li. 2017. “Effect of nano silica and pretreated rubber on the properties of terminal blend crumb rubber modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 157 (Dec): 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.187.
Han, L., M. Zheng, and C. Wang. 2016. “Current status and development of terminal blend tyre rubber modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 128 (Dec): 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.080.
Hicks, R. G., D. Cheng, and T. Duffy. 2010. Evaluation of terminal blend rubberized asphalt in paving applications. Chico, CA: California Pavement Preservation Center.
Huang, W., P. Lin, N. Tang, J. Hu, and F. Xiao. 2017. “Effect of crumb rubber degradation on components distribution and rheological properties of terminal blend rubberized asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151 (Oct): 897–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.229.
Li, B., W. Huang, N. Tang, J. Hu, P. Lin, W. Guan, F. Xiao, and Z. Shan. 2017. “Evolution of components distribution and its effect on low temperature properties of terminal blend rubberized asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 136 (Apr): 598–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.118.
Li, H., B. Dong, D. Zhao, P. Guo, and J. Zhang. 2019a. “Physical, rheological and stability properties of desulfurized rubber asphalt and crumb rubber asphalt.” Arabian J. Sci. Eng. 44 (5): 5043–5056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3684-2.
Li, N., J. Wang, W. Si, and D. Hu. 2022. “Quantitative analysis of adhesion characteristics between crumb rubber modified asphalt and aggregate using surface free energy theory.” Materials 15 (16): 5735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165735.
Li, Y., Y. Lyu, M. Xu, L. Fan, and Y. Zhang. 2019b. “Determination of construction temperatures of crumb rubber modified bitumen mixture based on CRMB mastic.” Materials 12 (23): 3851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233851.
Liu, Z., and Z. Wang. 2022. “Development of terminal blend rubber and SBS modified asphalt: A case study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 334 (Jun): 127459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127459.
Loeber, L., G. Muller, J. Morel, and O. Sutton. 1998. “Bitumen in colloid science: A chemical, structural and rheological approach.” Fuel 77 (13): 1443–1450. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00054-4.
Ma, F., C. Li, Z. Fu, Y. Huang, J. Dai, and Q. Feng. 2021. “Evaluation of high temperature rheological performance of polyphosphoric acid-sbs and polyphosphoric acid-crumb rubber modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 306 (Nov): 124926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124926.
Nasr, D., R. Babagoli, and M. Mazrouei. 2022. “Evaluation of rheological behavior of asphalt binder modified by recycled polyethylene wax and crumb rubber.” Constr. Build. Mater. 328 (Apr): 127069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127069.
Navarro, F. J., P. Partal, F. Martínez-Boza, and C. Gallegos. 2004. “Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens.” Fuel 83 (14): 2041–2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.04.003.
Qi, X., A. Shenoy, G. Al-Khateeb, T. Arnold, N. Gibson, J. Youtcheff, and T. Harman. 2006. “Laboratory characterization and fullscale accelerated performance testing of crumb rubber asphalts and other modified asphalt systems.” In Proc., Asphalt Rubber Conf. Davis, CA: Univ. of California Pavement Research Center.
Sienkiewicz, M., K. Borzędowska-Labuda, S. Zalewski, and H. Janik. 2017. “The effect of tyre rubber grinding method on the rubber-asphalt binder properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 154 (Nov): 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.170.
Tang, N., W. Huang, and G. Hao. 2021. “Effect of aging on morphology, rheology, and chemical properties of highly polymer modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 281 (Feb): 122595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122595.
Tang, N., W. Huang, J. Hu, and F. Xiao. 2018. “Rheological characterisation of terminal blend rubberised asphalt binder containing polymeric additive and sulphur.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 19 (6): 1288–1300. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1305436.
Tang, N., W. Huang, and F. Xiao. 2016. “Chemical and rheological investigation of high-cured crumb rubber-modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 123 (Oct): 847–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.131.
Tang, N., Q. Lv, W. Huang, P. Lin, and C. Yan. 2019. “Chemical and rheological evaluation of aging characteristics of terminal blend rubberized asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 205 (Aug): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.008.
Tang, N., C. Xue, G. Hao, W. Huang, H. Zhu, and R. Li. 2023. “Sustainable production of eco-friendly rubberized asphalt binders through chemically crosslinking with polymer modifier.” J. Cleaner Prod. 422 (Oct): 138633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138633.
Tang, N., Z. Zhang, R. Dong, H. Zhu, and W. Huang. 2022. “Emission behavior of crumb rubber modified asphalt in the production process.” J. Cleaner Prod. 340 (Feb): 130850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130850.
Thives, L. P., J. C. Pais, P. A. A. Pereira, G. Trichês, and S. R. Amorim. 2013. “Assessment of the digestion time of asphalt rubber binder based on microscopy analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (Oct): 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.087.
Tian, Y., H. Li, L. Sun, H. Zhang, J. Harvey, J. Yang, B. Yang, and X. Zuo. 2021. “Laboratory investigation on rheological, chemical and morphological evolution of high content polymer modified bitumen under long-term thermal oxidative aging.” Constr. Build. Mater. 303 (Oct): 124565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124565.
Wang, Z., X. Xu, X. Wang, H. Jinyang, H. Guo, and B. Yang. 2021. “Performance of modified asphalt of rubber powder through tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS).” Constr. Build. Mater. 267 (Oct): 121032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121032.
Wu, W., W. Jiang, J. Xiao, D. Yuan, T. Wang, and C. Xing. 2022. “Analysis of thermal susceptibility and rheological properties of asphalt binder modified with microwave activated crumb rubber.” J. Cleaner Prod. 377 (Oct): 134488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134488.
Xu, L., Y. Dara, S. Magar, A. Badughaish, and F. Xiao. 2023. “Morphological and rheological investigation of emulsified asphalt/polymer composite based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix.” Int. J. Transp. Sci. Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2023.05.004.
Yusoff, N. I. M., F. M. Jakarni, V. H. Nguyen, M. R. Hainin, and G. D. Airey. 2013. “Modelling the rheological properties of bituminous binders using mathematical equations.” Constr. Build. Mater. 40 (Mar): 174–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.105.
Zhang, L., C. Xing, F. Gao, T. Li, and Y. Tan. 2016. “Using DSR and MSCR tests to characterize high temperature performance of different rubber modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 127 (Nov): 466–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.010.
Zhang, X., X. Wang, C. Wan, B. Yang, Z. Tang, and W. Li. 2023. “Performance evaluation of asphalt binder and mixture modified by pre-treated crumb rubber.” Constr. Build. Mater. 362 (Jan): 129777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129777.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36 • Issue 9 • September 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 14, 2023
Accepted: Feb 27, 2024
Published online: Jun 26, 2024
Published in print: Sep 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Nov 26, 2024
ASCE Technical Topics:
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.