Crack Bioremediation in Concrete by Photoautotrophic Cyanobacteria through Fly Ash–Based Cementitious Biogrout
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 2
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) is widely employed in various engineering applications, including repairing cracks in cementitious materials. Many of these studies were performed using heterotrophic bacteria that utilize urea and releases harmful foul-smelling environmental pollutant. Cyanobacteria have emerged as potential substitutes for heterotrophic bacteria to overcome this concern. This study used photosynthetic cyanobacteria Synechocystis pevalekii to develop an ecofriendly and sustainable grout for crack remediation in concrete. To improve the fluidity characteristics of the grout, fly ash was incorporated as a partial cement replacement in the cementitious grout. The cementitious grouts were tested for fresh properties at different dosages of fly ash (0%–50%) by keeping water (or bacterial culture) to binder ratios of 0.45, 0.47, and 0.50. Based on flowability results, a ratio was selected to examine different FA dosages for hardened properties. A 40% FA substituted cementitious biogrout was selected for repairing cracks at the lab scale. Different cracked concrete specimens were repaired and cured using ponding and spray treatment for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, a significant improvement in strength and permeability was recorded in biogrout-remediated cracked specimens. The sample was collected from healed cracked region to confirm the healing mineral using field emission surface electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The developed fly ash incorporated biogrout will help as an economical and ecofriendly MICCP technology for the remediation of existing cracks in the concrete structures.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study are included in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, for providing the research grant under BT/PR27190/BCE/8/1428/2017.
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Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36 • Issue 2 • February 2024
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jan 12, 2023
Accepted: Jul 18, 2023
Published online: Nov 24, 2023
Published in print: Feb 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Apr 24, 2024
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