Design of Ship Channels and Maneuvering Areas

Navigation facilities shall be economically constructed for safe maneuvering of ships and for economical maintenance with consideration for facilities' future enlargement. The state-of-the-art and factors influencing design of facilities are considered such as ships' controllability, the human element, forces external to the ship in entrance-, restricted- and open-type channels, under keel clearance, bank distance, and passing ships; optimum direction of entrance channels; turns without introduction of arc and curves; minimum radius; maximum deflection angle; minimum tangent when approaching a bridge, and without the bridge; channel width in turns; and dimensions of turning basins and anchorage areas. Research and studies are needed to develop satisfactory design criteria during a period of approximately 5 years. The program could be carried on in six phases for: research; development work; preparation of facilities; laboratory model studies; full-scale testing for verification; evaluation; and finally, preparation of reports for better designs in the future