A Framework of Stakeholder Relationship Analysis for an Urban Regeneration Project Based on Social Network Analysis: A Dynamic Perspective
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 148, Issue 4
Abstract
During the life cycle of an urban regeneration project, stakeholders enter and exit the project, which has different impacts on its sustainable development. However, few researchers have studied the dynamic changes in stakeholder relationships during a project’s life cycle before they discussed the management of the stakeholders. To bridge this research gap, this study established a framework to conduct dynamic stakeholder relationship analysis for urban regeneration projects based on social network analysis (SNA), which has been widely and successfully applied to stakeholder relationship analysis. A case analysis of the Enning Road regeneration project in Guangzhou, China was applied to illustrate the application of this framework. In this example, 18 major stakeholders and the relationships among them were identified via case-based content analysis. Indexes, such as network density, average distance, nodes of centrality, and stakeholder influence index that denote the network structure and stakeholder characteristics were obtained and analyzed, which provided implications to improve the management of the stakeholders in the project. This study indicated the values of dynamic stakeholder relationship analysis for the management of stakeholders in urban regeneration projects and could provide a useful guide for researchers and practitioners to conduct dynamic stakeholder relationship analysis to facilitate sustainable urban regeneration.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, China under Grant [2021ZB15 and 2021ZB21].
References
Bourne, L. 2005. “Project relationship management and the stakeholder circle.” Doctor of Project Management, Graduate School of Business, RMIT Univ.
Chinowsky, P., J. Diekmann, and V. Galotti. 2008. “Social network model of construction.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 134 (10): 804–812. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:10(804).
Chowdhury, A. N., P. H. Chen, and R. L. Tiong. 2011. “Analysing the structure of public–private partnership projects using network theory.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 29 (3): 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.537354.
Chu, X., Z. Shi, L. Yang, and S. Guo. 2020. “Evolutionary game analysis on improving collaboration in sustainable urban regeneration: A multiple-stakeholder perspective.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 146 (4): 04020046. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000630.
Cui, W., J. Hong, G. Liu, K. Li, Y. Huang, and L. Zhang. 2021. “Co-benefits analysis of buildings based on different renewal strategies: The energy approach.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 18 (2): 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020592.
Eisenhardt, K. M., and M. E. Graebner. 2007. “Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges.” Acad. Manage. J. 50 (1): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.24160888.
Enserink, B., and J. Koppenjan. 2007. “Public participation in China: Sustainable urbanization and governance.” Manag. Environ. Qual. 18 (4): 459–474. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777830710753848.
Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Gu, Z., and X. Zhang. 2021. “Framing social sustainability and justice claims in urban regeneration: A comparative analysis of two cases in Guangzhou.” Land Use Policy 102: 105224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105224.
Guangzhou Daily. 2018. “Regeneration of Yongqing Lane respects every brick joint.” [In Chinese.] Accessed July 1, 2021. http://www.guangzhou.gov.cn/201811/05/156106_52465156.htm.
Guo, R., Y. Ding, L. Shang, D. Wang, X. Cao, S. Wang, N. Bonatz, and L. Wang. 2018. “Sustainability-oriented urban renewal and low-impact development applications in China: Case study of Yangpu District, Shanghai.” J. Sustainable Water Built Environ. 4 (1): 05017006. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSWBAY.0000840.
GZMBLRH (Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Land Resources and Housing). 2010. Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Land Resources and Housing Announcement on the Extension of the Demolition of Urban Houses. [In Chinese.] Suifang Demolition [2010] No. 29. Guangzhou, China: GZMBLRH.
GZUPDSRI (Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute). 2006. Experimental Dilapidated Housing Regeneration Plan of Guangzhou. [In Chinese].
Ho, D., Y. Yau, S. W. Poon, and E. Liusman. 2012. “Achieving sustainable urban renewal in Hong Kong: Strategy for dilapidation assessment of high rises.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 138 (2): 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000104.
Hörisch, J., R. E. Freeman, and S. Schaltegger. 2014. “Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework.” Organ. Environ. 27 (4): 328–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026614535786.
Lee, A. K. Y. 2016. “Heritage conservation and advocacy coalitions: The state-society conflict in the case of the Enning Road redevelopment project in Guangzhou.” Int. J. Heritage Stud. 22 (9): 729–747. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2016.1195427.
Li, L. H., and X. Li. 2011. “Redevelopment of urban villages in Shenzhen, China – An analysis of power relations and urban coalitions.”.” Habitat Int. 35 (3): 426–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.12.001.
Li, T. H., S. T. Ng, and M. Skitmore. 2012. “Conflict or consensus: An investigation of stakeholder concerns during the participation process of major infrastructure and construction projects in Hong Kong.” Habitat Int. 36 (2): 333–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.10.012.
Li, X., F. Zhang, E. C. M. Hui, and W. Lang. 2020. “Collaborative workshop and community participation: A new approach to urban regeneration in China.” Cities 102: 102743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102743.
Li, Y., and J. Xu. 2021. “Research on the “micro-renewal” strategy of Enning Road from the perspective of community construction.” [In Chinese.] Chin. Overseas Archit. 4: 93–97.
Lienert, J., F. Schnetzer, and K. Ingold. 2013. “Stakeholder analysis combined with social network analysis provides fine-grained insights into water infrastructure planning processes.” J. Environ. Manage. 125: 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.03.052.
Lim, S. L., and A. Finkelstein. 2012. “Stakerare: Using social networks and collaborative filtering for large-scale requirements elicitation.” IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 38 (3): 707–735. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2011.36.
Liu, G., L. Wei, J. Gu, T. Zhou, and Y. Liu. 2020. “Benefit distribution in urban renewal from the perspectives of efficiency and fairness: A game theoretical model and the government's role in China.” Cities 96: 102422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102422.
Liu, L., and Z. Xu. 2018. “Collaborative governance: A potential approach to preventing violent demolition in China.” Cities 79: 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.02.019.
Liwan District Government. 2016. “Guidelines for the construction of micro regeneration in Yongqing area.” [In Chinese.]
Missonier, S., and S. Loufrani-Fedida. 2014. “Stakeholder analysis and engagement in projects: From stakeholder relational perspective to stakeholder relational ontology.” Int. J. Project Manage. 32 (7): 1108–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.02.010.
Mitchell, R. K., B. R. Agle, and D. J. Wood. 1997. “Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts.” Acad. Manage. Rev. 22 (4): 853–886. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9711022105.
Mok, K. Y., G. Q. Shen, and J. Yang. 2015. “Stakeholder management studies in mega construction projects: A review and future directions.” Int. J. Project Manage. 33 (2): 446–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.08.007.
Mok, K. Y., G. Q. Shen, and R. J. Yang. 2017. “Addressing stakeholder complexity and major pitfalls in large cultural building projects.” Int. J. Project Manage. 35 (3): 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.12.009.
Newcombe, R. 2003. “From client to project stakeholders: A stakeholder mapping approach.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 21 (8): 841–848. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619032000072137.
New Express. 2010. “Representative of the National People’s Congress (NPC) and the fate of Enning Road.” [In Chinese.] Accessed June 28, 2021. http://news.sohu.com/20100927/n275279564.shtml.
OCRPC (Old City Reconstruction Project Center, Liwan District, Guangzhou). 2016. “Project agreement on regeneration and activation of dangerous (old) houses in Yongqing Area.” [In Chinese.]
Olander, S. 2007. “Stakeholder impact analysis in construction project management.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 25 (3): 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190600879125.
PMI (Project Management Institute). 2017. A guide to the project management body of knowledge. PMBOK Guide. Newtown Square, PA: PMI.
South, A., K. Eriksson, and R. Levitt. 2018. “How infrastructure public–private partnership projects change over project development phases.” Proj. Manage. J. 49 (4): 62–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818781712.
Southern Metropolis Daily. 2006. “Enning Road regeneration untie the developers on the new mode of old city regeneration.” [In Chinese.] Accessed June 25, 2021. http://news.southcn.com/dishi/guangzhou/shizheng/200612270405.htm.
Tan, X., and U. Altrock. 2016. “Struggling for an adaptive strategy? Discourse analysis of urban regeneration processes – A case study of Enning Road in Guangzhou City.” Habitat Int. 56: 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.06.006.
Tang, H., G. Wang, Y. Miao, and P. Zhang. 2020. “Managing cost-based risks in construction supply chains: A stakeholder-based dynamic social network perspective.” Complexity 2020: 8545839. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8545839.
Wang, D., X. Wang, M. Liu, H. Liu, and B. Liu. 2021. “Managing public–private partnerships: A transmission pattern of underlying dynamics determining project performance.” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage. 28 (4): 1038–1059. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2020-0034.
Wang, H., Y. Cai, and R. Gao. 2019. “A study on stakeholder relationship in urban renewal projects: Case of Tianzifang in Shanghai.” In ICCREM 2019: Innovative Construction Project Management and Construction Industrialization, edited by Y. Wang, M. Al-Hussein, and G. Q. P. Shen, 334–342. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Wang, Y., J. Li, G. Zhang, Y. Li, and M. H. Asare. 2017. “Fuzzy evaluation of comprehensive benefit in urban renewal based on the perspective of core stakeholders.” Habitat Int. 66: 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.06.003.
Winch, G. M., and S. Bonke. 2002. “Project stakeholder mapping: Analyzing the interests of project stakeholders.” In Chap. 23 in The frontiers of project management research, edited by D. P. Selvin. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.
Wu, W., F. He, T. Zhuang, and Y. Yi. 2020. “Stakeholder analysis and social network analysis in the decision-making of industrial land redevelopment in China: The case of Shanghai.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17 (24): 9206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249206.
Xian, S., and Z. Gu. 2020. “The making of social injustice and changing governance approaches in urban regeneration: Stories of Enning Road, China.” Habitat Int. 98: 102149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102149.
Xiao, M., and X. Xu. 2021. “A comparative study of the dilemma in old city reconstruction from the perspective of micro power: The case of Enning Road and Caojia Lane.” [In Chinese.] Planners 2: 56–61.
Xu, X., B. Xiao, and C. Z. Li. 2021. “Stakeholders’ power over the impact issues of building energy performance gap: A two-mode social network analysis.” J. Cleaner Prod. 289: 125623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125623.
Yang, J., G. Q. Shen, M. Ho, D. S. Drew, and X. Xue. 2011. “Stakeholder management in construction: An empirical study to address research gaps in previous studies.” Int. J. Project Manage. 29 (7): 900–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.07.013.
Yao, Z., B. Li, G. Li, and C. Zeng. 2021. “Resilient governance under asymmetric power structure: The case of Enning road regeneration project in Guangzhou, China.” Cities 111: 102971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102971.
Yildiz, S., S. Kivrak, and G. Arslan. 2019. “Contribution of built environment design elements to the sustainability of urban renewal projects: Model proposal.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 145 (1): 04018045. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000493.
Yu, J. H., and H. R. Kwon. 2011. “Critical success factors for urban regeneration projects in Korea.” Int. J. Project Manage. 29 (7): 889–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.09.001.
Yu, T., X. Liang, G. Q. Shen, Q. Shi, and G. Wang. 2019. “An optimization model for managing stakeholder conflicts in urban redevelopment projects in China.” J. Cleaner Prod. 212: 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.071.
Yu, T., G. Q. Shen, Q. Shi, X. Lai, C. Z. Li, and K. Xu. 2017. “Managing social risks at the housing demolition stage of urban redevelopment projects: A stakeholder-oriented study using social network analysis.” Int. J. Project Manage. 35 (6): 925–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.04.004.
Yuan, J., K. Chen, W. Li, C. Ji, Z. Wang, and M. J. Skibniewski. 2018. “Social network analysis for social risks of construction projects in high-density urban areas in China.” J. Cleaner Prod. 198: 940–961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.109.
Zhang, C., and X. Li. 2016. “Urban redevelopment as multi-scalar planning and contestation: The case of Enning road project in Guangzhou, China.” Habitat Int. 56: 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.05.008.
Zhang, W., X. Zhang, and G. Wu. 2021. “The network governance of urban renewal: A comparative analysis of two cities in China.” Land Use Policy 106: 105448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105448.
Zheng, H. W., G. Q. Shen, and H. Wang. 2014. “A review of recent studies on sustainable urban renewal.” Habitat Int. 41 (1): 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.08.006.
Zhuang, T., Q. K. Qian, H. J. Visscher, and M. G. Elsinga. 2020. “An analysis of urban renewal decision-making in China from the perspective of transaction costs theory: The case of Chongqing.” J. Hous. Built Environ. 35 (4): 1177–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-020-09733-9.
Zhuang, T., Q. Qian, H. Visscher, and M. Elsinga. 2017. “Stakeholders’ expectations in urban renewal projects in China: A key step towards sustainability.” Sustainability 9 (9): 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091640.
Zhuang, T., Q. K. Qian, H. J. Visscher, M. G. Elsinga, and W. Wu. 2019. “The role of stakeholders and their participation network in decision-making of urban renewal in China: The case of Chongqing.” Cities 92: 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.03.014.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 148 • Issue 4 • December 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 23, 2021
Accepted: Mar 18, 2022
Published online: Jul 21, 2022
Published in print: Dec 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Dec 21, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Pierluigi Morano, Francesco Tajani, Felicia Di Liddo, Ivana La Spina, The Evaluation in the Urban Projects Planning: A Logical-Deductive Model for the Definition of “Warning Areas” in the Esquilino District in the City of Rome (Italy), Smart Cities, 10.3390/smartcities6010022, 6, 1, (469-490), (2023).
- Lingyan Li, Jiaxin Zhu, Mimi Duan, Pingbo Li, Xiaotong Guo, Overcoming the Collaboration Barriers among Stakeholders in Urban Renewal Based on a Two-Mode Social Network Analysis, Land, 10.3390/land11101865, 11, 10, (1865), (2022).