Hysteretic Model for Exposed Column–Base Connections
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 12
Abstract
A hysteretic model formulation is presented for simulation of the cyclic moment-rotation response of exposed column–base (ECB) connections, which are typically used to connect a steel column to a concrete footing in steel moment-resisting frames. The research is motivated by the potential for using these connections as dissipative elements within seismic design. The physical processes responsible for various forms of hysteretic response are outlined; these include: (1) seating and gapping between the base plate and footing leading to pinched hysteresis, and (2) a recentering effect of axial compressive load resulting in flag-shaped hysteresis. The proposed ECB model utilizes: (1) a trilinear backbone curve; (2) hysteretic rules for pinching, unloading, recentering, and reloading; and (3) modes of deterioration for four quantities, including strength and stiffness. The model has 16 parameters, of which 4 are classified as core parameters (meaning they can be determined through physics-based models), whereas 12 are classified as ancillary, such that they require empirical calibration. The model is fit to a series of experiments, and it is determined that it is able to simulate the key aspects of hysteretic response. Recommendations for calibration of model parameters are presented, and limitations of the model are outlined.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the National Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology, and Innovation of Ecuador (SENESCYT) whose graduate fellowship provided support for the lead author.
References
AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction). (2010). “Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings.”, Chicago.
Astaneh, A., Bergsma, G., and Shen, J. H. (1992). “Behavior and design of base plates for gravity, wind and seismic loads.” Proc., National Steel Construction Conf., Las Vegas.
Burda, J. J., and Itani, A. M. (1999). “Studies of seismic behavior of steel base plates.”, Center of Civil Engineers Earthquake Research, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Nevada, Richmond CA.
Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R., Kim, H.-J., and Lacerte, M. (2008). “Self-centering energy dissipative bracing system for the seismic resistance of structures: Development and validation.” J. Struct. Eng., 96–107.
DeWolf, J. T., and Sarisley, E. F. (1980). “Column base plates with axial loads and moments.” J. Struct. Div., 106(11), 2167–2184.
Drake, R. M., and Elkin, S. J. (1999). “Beam-column base plate design—LRFD method.” Eng. J., 36(1), 29–38.
Fahmy, M., Stojadinovic, B., and Goel, S. C. (1999). “Analytical and experimental studies on the seismic response of steel column bases.” Proc., 8th Canadian Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada.
FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). (2009). “Quantification of building seismic performance factors.” Washington, DC.
Fisher, J. M., and Kloiber, L. A. (2006). Steel design guide 1– Base plate and anchor rod design, 2nd Ed., AISC, Chicago.
Gomez, I. R., Kanvinde, A. M., and Deierlein, G. G. (2010). “Exposed column base connections subjected to axial compression and flexure.” AISC, Chicago.
Grauvilardell, J. E., Lee, D., Hajjar, J. F., and Dexter, R. J. (2005). “Synthesis of design, testing and analysis research on steel column base plate connections in high seismic zones.”, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Gupta, A., and Krawinkler, H. (1999). “Prediction of seismic demands for SMRFs with ductile connections and elements.”, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford, CA.
Haselton, C. B., Liel, A. B., Taylor Lange, S., and Deierlein, G. G. (2008). “Beam-column element model calibrated for predicting flexural response leading to global collapse of RC frame buildings.”, Pacific Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Ibarra, L. F., Medina, R. A., and Krawinkler, H. (2005). “Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(12), 1489–1511.
Kanvinde, A. M., and Grilli, D. A. (2013). “Special moment frame base connection: Design example 8.” 2012 IBC SEAOC structural/seismic design manual: Examples for steel-frame buildings, Vol. 4, 255–280.
Kanvinde, A. M., Grilli, D. A., and Zareian, F. (2012). “Rotational stiffness of exposed column base connections: Experiments and analytical models.” J. Struct. Eng., 549–560.
Kanvinde, A. M., Higgins, P., Cooke, R. J., Perez, J., and Higgins, J. (2014). “Column base connections for hollow steel sections: Seismic performance and strength models.” J. Struct. Eng., 04014171.
Lignos, D. (2008). “Sidesway collapse of deteriorating structural systems under seismic excitations.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford, CA.
Lignos, D. G., and Krawinkler, H. (2007). “A database in support of modeling of component deterioration for collapse prediction of steel frame structures.” Struct. Eng. Res. Front., 1–12.
OpenSEES [Computer software]. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Pal, S., Wathugala, G. W., and Kundu, S. (1996). “Calibration of a constitutive model using genetic algorithms.” Comput. Geotech., 19(4), 325–348.
Rahnama, M., and Krawinkler, H. (1993). “Effects of soft soil and hysteresis model on seismic demands.”, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA.
Shi, Y., and Eberhart, R. (1998). “Parameters selection in particle sworm optimization.” Evol. Program. VII, 1447, 591–600.
Smith, C. M., Deierlein, G. G., and Kanvinde, A. M. (2014). “A stress-weighted damage model for ductile fracture initiation in structural steel under cyclic loading and generalized stress states.”, John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA.
Trautner, C., Hutchinson, T., Grosser, P., and Silva, J. (2015). “Effects of detailing on the cyclic behavior of steel baseplate connections designed to promote anchor yielding.” J. Struct. Eng., 04015117.
Zareian, F., and Kanvinde, A. (2013). “Effect of column base flexibility on the seismic response and safety of steel moment resisting frames.” Earthquake Spectra, 29(4), 1537–1559.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 10, 2015
Accepted: May 2, 2016
Published online: Jul 18, 2016
Published in print: Dec 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Dec 18, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.