Effects of Loading Rate and Temperature on Pullout Response of Basalt Textile–Reinforced Concrete

The pullout response of basalt textile embedded in cementitious matrix specimens was investigated under different loading rates and temperatures. Two types of specimens, basalt single yarn and basalt textile, were tested. The pullout behavior of the specimens was evaluated in terms of initial pullout force, maximum pullout load (peak pullout load), work of pullout, and work of peak force. Pullout velocity ranged from quasi-static ($5.0\times {10}^{-5}\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$) to dynamic (1, 2, 3, and $4\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$); Temperature effects were studied under four temperatures ($-25°\mathrm{C}$, 0°C, 25°C, and 50°C) and dynamic loads. The experimental results indicated that pullout speed, temperature, and textile form obviously affected the pullout responses of the tested specimens. At each temperature, the initial and peak pullout forces under dynamic loading were higher than the same forces under static loading. In addition, pullout work and peak pullout work appeared to improve with increasing loading rate under each temperature. However, when pullout velocity was constant, initial pullout force, peak pullout force, work of pullout, and work of peak force decreased with increasing temperature. However, pullout work and peak pullout work appeared to improve with increasing pullout velocity under each temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken in order to observe the morphology of the interfaces and yarns after pullout.