Thermal Stability and Structural Characterization of Class G Oil Well Cement Paste Exposed to Elevated Temperature
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 27, Issue 11
Abstract
The primary objective of well cementing is zonal isolation, which needs to be met by an appropriate cementitious material that can withstand high temperature and pressures. In this paper, the thermal stability of class G oil well cement (G-OWC) paste is evaluated in terms of the change in compressive strength, volume, and microstructure after heat treatment. The results show that the thermal exposure up to 200°C did not have a significant effect on the strength and volume of the samples. The cement paste experienced substantial strength loss and shrinkage between 200 and 1,000°C. After heating up to 1,000°C, only 6.3% compressive strength was left for the sample. The drastic thermal damage is attributed primarily to the evaporation of chemical bound water and decomposition of hydration products in the cement paste as the temperature increases to 440°C. The transformation of C-S-H gel to larnite () after exposure to 650°C and the decarbonation of calcite after exposure to 850°C also induces degradation in the structure of G-OWC paste. This study indicates that the G-OWC may be used in the viscous crude oil cementing with service temperature below 200°C.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No. BK20130428), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No.12KJB430014), the Project of Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. AE201113), and the Project Key Laboratory for Ecological-Environment Materials of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. EML201209).
References
Alonso, C., and Fernandez, L. (2004). “Dehydration and rehydration processes of cement paste exposed to high temperature environments.” J. Mater. Sci., 39(9), 3015–3024.
Anjos, M. A. S., Martinelli, A. E., Melo, D. M. A., Renovato, T., Souza, P. D. P., and Freitas, J. C. (2013). “Hydration of oil well cement containing sugarcane biomass waste as a function of curing temperature and pressure.” J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 109, 291–297.
Arioz, O. (2007). “Effects of elevated temperatures on properties of concrete.” Fire Saf. J., 42(8), 516–522.
Ashrafizadeh, S. N., Motaee, E., and Hoshyargar, V. (2012). “Emulsification of heavy crude oil in water by natural surfactants.” J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 86–87, 137–143.
Azodi, M., and Solaimany Nazar, A. R. (2013). “An experimental study on factors affecting the heavy crude oil in water emulsions viscosity.” J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 106, 1–8.
Bassioni, G. (2013). “Studying the physico-chemical properties of commercially available oil-well cement additives using calorimetry.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 111(1), 295–303.
Chan, Y. N., Peng, G. F., and Anson, M. (1999). “Residual strength and pore structure of high-strength concrete and normal strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 21(1), 23–27.
Choolaei, M., Rashidi, A. M., Ardjmand, M., Yadegari, A., and Soltanian, H. (2012). “The effect of nanosilica on the physical properties of oil well cement.” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 538, 288–294.
Delhomme, F., Ambroise, J., and Limam, A. (2012). “Effects of high temperatures on mortar specimens containing portland cement and GGBFS.” Mater. Struct., 45(11), 1685–1692.
El-Didamony, H., El-Rahman, E. A., and Osman, R. M. (2012). “Fire resistance of fired clay bricks-fly ash composite cement pastes.” Ceram. Int., 38(1), 201–209.
Ghabezloo, S. (2011). “Effect of the variations of clinker composition on the poroelastic properties of hardened class G cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res., 41(8), 920–922.
Guo, J. T., Liu, J. J., Jin, J. Z., and Yu, Y. J. (2012). “Performance of new high temperature retarder HTR-200C for oil-well cement.” J. Tianjin. Univ. Sci. Tech., 45(6), 529–533.
Guo, S., and Bu, Y. (2013). “Synthesis and application of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic cid/acrylamide/N,N-dimethyl acrylamide/maleic anhydride as a fluid loss control additive in oil well cementing.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 127(5), 3302–3309.
Homayuni, F., Hamidi, A. A., Vatani, A., Shaygani, A. A., and Faraji, D. R. (2011). “The viscosity reduction of heavy and extra heavy crude oils by a pulsed magnetic field.” Pet. Sci. Technol., 29(23), 2407–2415.
Hoshyargar, V., and Ashrafizadeh, S. N. (2013). “Optimization of flow parameters of heavy crude oil-in-water emulsions through pipelines.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(4), 1600–1611.
Knapen, E., Cizer, O., Van Balen, K., and Van Gemert, D. (2009). “Effect of free water removal from early-age hydrated cement pastes on thermal analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(11), 3431–3438.
Martínez-Palou, R., et al. (2011). “Transportation of heavy and extra-heavy crude oil by pipeline: A review.” J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 75(3–4), 274–282.
Menéndez, E., Andrade, C., and Vega, L. (2012). “Study of dehydration and rehydration processes of portlandite in mature and young cement pastes.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 110(1), 443–450.
Mothé Michelle, G., Carvalho Carlos, H. M., Sérvulo Eliana, F. C., and Mothé Cheila, G. (2013). “Kinetic study of heavy crude oils by thermal analysis.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 111(1), 663–668.
Pafitis, D. G. (1995). “Improving the flexural strength of fibre reinforced oil well cements by addition of a polymer latex.” Mater. Res. Soc. Symp., 370, 565–571.
Palou, M., Živica, V., Ifka, T., Boháč, M., and Zmrzlý, M. (2014). “Effect of hydrothermal curing on early hydration of G-Oil well cement.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 116(2), 597–603.
Pang, X., Jimenez, W. C., and Iverson, B. J. (2013). “Hydration kinetics modeling of the effect of curing temperature and pressure on the heat evolution of oil well cement.” Cem. Concr. Res., 54, 69–76.
Ravi, K., Hunter, B., and Kulakotsky, D. (2008). “Maximizing heavy-oil recovery by containing steam through optimized cementing.” Society of Petroleum Engineers—Int. Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symp., Calgary, Canada, 381–387.
Salami, O. T., and Johann, P. (2013). “Preparation and properties of a dispersing fluid loss additive based on humic acid graft copolymer suitable for cementing high temperature (200°C) oil wells.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 129(5), 2544–2553.
Seleem, H. H., Rashad, A. M., and Elsokary, T. (2011). “Effect of elevated temperature on physic-mechanical properties of blended cement concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2), 1009–1017.
Shahriar, A., and Nehdi, M. L. (2012). “Rheological properties of oil well cement slurries.” Constr. Mater., 165(1), 25–44.
Shui, Z. H., Xuan, D. X., Chen, W., Yu, R., and Zhang, R. (2009). “Cementitious characteristics of hydrated cement paste subjected to various dehydration temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(1), 531–537.
Su, L., Ma, B. G., Jian, S. W., Zhao, Z. G., and Liu, M. (2013). “Hydration heat effect of cement pastes modified with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and expanded perlite.” J. Wuhan. Univ. Tech., 28(1), 122–126.
Taher, M. A. (2007). “Influence of thermally treated phosphogypsum on the properties of portland slag cement.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 52(1), 28–38.
Taoutaou, S., Osman, T. M., Mjthab, M., and Succar, N. (2010). “Well integrity in heavy oil wells: Challenges and solutions.” Society of Petroleum Engineers—Canadian Unconventional Resources and Int. Petroleum Conf., Calgary, Canada, 723–735.
Taylor, H. F. W. (1953). “Hydrated calcium silicates. Part V—The water content of calcium silicate hydrate (I).” J. Chem. Soc., 33, 163–171.
Viani, A., Gualtieri, A. F., Pollastri, S., and Rinaudo, C. (2013). “Crystal chemistry of the high temperature product of transformation of cement-asbestos.” J. Hazard. Mater., 248–249, 69–80.
Wang, Y., Chen, Y. F., Lu, Y., Zhan, H. F., and Sun, Z. G. (2012). “Compressive strength changing law of oil well cement paste under corporate corrosion of HCO3- and SO42-.” Appl. Mech. Mater., 229–231, 95–99.
Yang, N. R. (2005). Testing methods for inorganic non-metallic materials, Wuhan University of Technology Press, Wuhan, China, 329–331.
Yang, Z. G., Cui, H. Q., and Xiao, Z. X. (2008). “Change of cement stone strength in the deep high temperature oil well.” Acta Petrolei Sinica, 29(3), 435–437.
Zhang, J., Weissinger, E. A., and Peethamparan, S. (2010). “Early hydration and setting of oil well cement.” Cem. Concr. Res., 40(7), 1023–1033.
Zhang, Q., and Ye, G. (2012). “Dehydration kinetics of portland cement paste at high temperature.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 110(1), 153–158.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 25, 2014
Accepted: Sep 12, 2014
Published online: Feb 20, 2015
Discussion open until: Jul 20, 2015
Published in print: Nov 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.