Parking Policy and Downtown Economic Development
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 109, Issue 1
Abstract
For many years, the role of parking policy in most U.S. cities was to accommodate the automobile commuter by providing convenient spaces to park. Recently, however, many cities have begun to use parking management strategies as means of achieving a wide variety of community objectives, ranging from improved air quality to increased neighborhood amenity. This paper examines the use and impact of such strategies in fostering downtown economic development. The impact on economic development of four kinds of parking strategies—those that control the aggregate level of parking supply, the access to parking, the spatial distribution of parking supply, and the price are described in detail. Case studies of parking policies in Baltimore and Seattle are used to illustrate the different role of such policies with relation to economic development. An examination of the characteristics of the developer decisionmaking process leads to a conclusion that although the provision by government of parking space does not play a central role in development decisions, it can play a significant supporting role.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
The Action Grant Information Book, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C., May, 1978.
2.
“Baltimore's Development Program: An Overview,” Baltimore City Planning Commission, Department of Planning, Sept., 1977.
3.
Conley, G., Nolon, J., Schneider, W., Shapin, J., and Yulish, M., Economic Development: New Roles For City Government, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Commerce, Report HUD‐PDR‐484, Sept., 1979.
4.
Daniels, P. W., Office Location: An Urban and Regional Study, G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., London, England, 1975.
5.
Downtown Seattle Parking Policy, Office of Policy Planning, Seattle, Washington, Mar., 1979.
6.
Gillen, D. W., “Parking Policy, Parking Location Decisions and the Distribution of Congestion,” Transportation, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1978.
7.
Housing and Development Reporter, Bureau of National Affairs, Apr. 6, 1978 to Oct. 9, 1980.
8.
Isard, W., Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1960.
9.
Kulash, D., “Parking Taxed as Roadway Prices: A Case Study of the San Francisco Experience,” The Urban Institute, Mar., 1974.
10.
McShane, M., and Meyer, M. D., “Links Between Parking Policy and Urban Goals: Key Issues,” Working Memorandum #1, Center for Transportation Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., Sept., 1979.
11.
McShane, M., and Meyer, M. D., “Applicability of Types of Parking Management Techniques to Urban Goals,” Working Memorandum #2, Center for Transportation Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., Nov., 1979.
12.
Meyer, M. D., Gakenheimer, R., Haven, P., Hemily, B., and Ziering E., Urban Development and Revitalization: The Role of Federal and State Transportation Agencies, Final Report, Report No. MA‐11‐0033, U.S. DOT, Nov., 1979.
13.
Parker, M. R., Jr., and Demetsky, M. J., Evaluation of Parking Management Strategies For Urban Areas, Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council, Aug., 1980.
14.
“Parking as a Factor in Business,” National Research Council, Highway Research Board, Special Report 11, 1954.
15.
The Private Development Process, A Guidebook for Local Government, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development and Office of Policy Development and Research, Washington, D.C., Feb., 1979.
16.
“Report of the Parking Subcommittee,” Greater Baltimore Committee, June, 1980.
17.
Seattle's Growth Policies, Office of Policy Planning, Seattle, Wash., May, 1977.
18.
Smith, W., and Associates, Parking In The City Center, Wilbur Smith and Associates, New Haven, Conn., May, 1965.
19.
Tanaka, J., “Application of Institutional Analysis to the Formulation and Implementation of Parking Policy,” thesis presented to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in 1980, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Transportation.
20.
Synthesis of Literature On Transportation/Economic Development, National Council for Urban Economic Development, Prepared for the Office of Transportation Economic Analysis, U.S. DOT, Draft, Sept., 1980.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 109 • Issue 1 • May 1983
Pages: 27 - 43
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 ASCE.
History
Published online: May 1, 1983
Published in print: May 1983
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.