Role of Expansion on Mechanical Behavior of Concrete
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 121, Issue 12
Abstract
The collective experimental evidence from standard uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial tests of plain concrete is examined to identify the essential governing state variables for the benefit of three-dimensional constitutive modeling of the material. It is shown that the volumetric expansion that develops in mechanically loaded concrete due to progressive microcracking is an important measure of the extent of damage in the material microstructure, and can be used to consistently estimate the changes effected on the resistance of concrete as damage accumulates. Within this framework, the degree of restraint against expansion, such as is provided by arbitrary boundary conditions, can be used to completely determine the residual strength and deformability of concrete under these conditions. These concepts provide the tools for the development of a simple but general constitutive model for concrete and offer an opportunity for unification of the existing interpretations of various aspects of the observed mechanical response of concrete. Example problems are included demonstrating that with a limited number of physical variables it is possible to reproduce the sensitivities of an array of benchmark experiments.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Cedolin, L., Crutzen, Y. R. J., and Dei Poli, S.(1977). “Triaxial stress-strain relationship for concrete.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 103(3), 423–439.
2.
Chen, W. F. (1982). Plasticity in reinforced concrete . McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.
3.
Chen, W. F., and Han, D. J. (1988). Plasticity for structural engineers . Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y.
4.
Collins, M. P., Mitchell, D., and MacGregor, J.(1993). “Structural design considerations for high-strength concrete.”ACI Concrete Int., 15(5), 27–34.
5.
Cusson, D., and Paultre, P.(1994). “High-strength concrete columns confined by rectangular ties.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 120(3), 783–804.
6.
Gerstle, K. H.(1981). “Simple formulation of biaxial concrete behavior.”J. ACI, 78(1), 62–68.
7.
Gerstle, K. H.(1980). “Behavior of concrete under multi-axial stress-states.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 106(6), 1383–1403.
8.
Hoek, E., and Franklin, J. A. (1968). “Simple triaxial cell for field or laboratory testing of rock.”Trans. Inst. Min. and Metalurgy, 77, A22–A26.
9.
Hognestad, E. (1951). “A study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members.”Bull. No. 399, University of Illinois Engineering Experimental Station, Urbana, Ill., June.
10.
Imran, I. (1994). “Applications of non-associated plasticity in modelling the mechanical response of concrete,” PhD. thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Toronto, Canada.
11.
Kosaka, Y., Tanigawa, Y., and Hatanaka, S. (1984). “Inelastic deformational behavior of axially loaded concrete under low lateral confining stresses.”Trans. Japan Concrete Inst., 6(III-5-B), 263–270.
12.
Kotsovos, M.(1979). “Effect of stress path on the behavior of concrete under triaxial stress states.”J. ACI, 76(2), 213–223.
13.
Kotsovos, M., and Newman, J. B.(1977). “Behavior of concrete under multiaxial stress.”J. ACI, 74(9), 443–446.
14.
Kotsovos, M., and Newman, J. B.(1978). “Generalized stress-strain relations for concrete.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 104(4), 845–856.
15.
Kupfer, H., and Gerstle, K. H.(1973). “Behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 99(4), 853–866.
16.
Kupfer, H., Hilsdorf, H. K., and Rusch, H.(1969). “Behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses.”J. ACI, 66(8), 656–666.
17.
Pantazopoulou, S. J., and Mills, R. H. (1994). “Microstructural aspects of the mechanical response of plain concrete.”ACI Mat. J.
18.
Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., and Brown, R. L. (1929). “The failure of plain and spirally reinforced concrete in compression.”Engrg. Experiment Station Bull., 190, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
19.
Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., and Brown, R. L. (1928). “A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses.”Engrg. Experiment Station Bull., 185, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
20.
Sheikh, S. A., and Uzumeri, S. M.(1980). “Strength and ductility of tied columns.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 106(5), 1079–1102.
21.
Smith, S. H., William, K., Gerstle, K., and Sture, S.(1989). “Concrete over the top, or: is there life after peak?”ACI Mat. J., 86(5), 491–497.
22.
Thorenfeldt, E., Tomaszewicz, A., and Jensen, J. J. (1987). “Mechanical properties of high-strength concrete and application in design.”Proc., Symp. on Utilization of High Strength Concrete, Tapir, Trondheim, Norway, 149–159.
23.
Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P. (1982). “The response of reinforced concrete to in-plane shear and normal stresses.”Publ. No. 82-03, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Toronto, Canada.
24.
Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P.(1986). “The modified compression field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear.”J. ACI, 83(2), 219–231.
25.
Vecchio, F. J.(1992). “Finite element modelling of concrete expansion and confinement.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(9), 2390–2406.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 121 • Issue 12 • December 1995
Pages: 1795 - 1805
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1995
Published in print: Dec 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.