Pile Behavior Established from Model Tests
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 4
Abstract
Eleven one‐tenth scale tubular steel pile tests are conducted to establish the behavior of pinned‐head friction piles in loose sand, fixed‐head friction piles in both loose and compacted sand, and a fixed‐head bearing pile in loose sand. The piles are instrumented with electrical resistance strain gauges and the vertical and horizontal pile movements at grade were measured with displacement transducers. By differentiation and integration of pile strain functions, obtained by curve‐fitting the measured strain data, the soil resistance and displacement relationships are developed in the form of modified Ramberg‐Osgood expressions. The characteristic soil parameters, describing the skin friction and vertical displacement f‐z curves, end‐bearing and settlement p‐z curve, and lateral resistance and displacement p‐y curves, are used in finite element studies that idealized the nonlinear soil behavior by isolated Winkler springs. The analytical results for the pile strains along the embedment length and displacements at the soil surface of a particular pile test correlate reasonably well with the measured values, considering the sensitivity of techniques used to establish the soil responses.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Alizadeh, M., and Davisson, M. T. (1970). “Lateral load tests on piles—Arkansas River project.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 96(5), 1583–1604.
2.
Davisson, M. T., and Salley, J. R. (1970). “Model study of laterally loaded piles.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 96(9), 1605–1626.
3.
Desai, C. S., and Wu, T. H. (1976). “A general function for stress‐strain curves.” Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, ASCE, 1, Jun., 306–318.
4.
Fleming, W. G., et al. (1985). Piling engineering. Halsted Press, New York, N.Y.
5.
Georgiadis, M., and Butterfield, R. (1982). “Laterally loaded pile behavior.” J. Geo‐tech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 108(1), 155–165.
6.
Greiann, L. F., et al. (1987). “Pile design and tests for integral abutment bridges.” Final Report Project HR‐273, ISU‐ERI‐Ames 88060, Iowa Dept. of Transp., Ames, Iowa, Dec., 326.
7.
Greimann, L. F., et al. (1984). “Design of piles for integral abutment bridges.” Final Report, Project HR‐252, ISU‐ERI‐Ames 84286, Iowa Dept. of Transp., Ames, Iowa, Aug., 277.
8.
Hoadley, P. J., Barton, Y. O., and Parry, R. H. G. (1981). “Cyclic lateral load on mode pile in a centrifuge.” Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Foundations Engrg., 1, X. ICSMFE, 621–625.
9.
Hoadley, P. J., Francis, A. J., and Steven, L. K. (1969). “Load testing of slender piles in soft clays.” Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Foundations Engrg., Sociedad Mexicana de Mecanica de Suelos, Mexico, 123–130.
10.
Ko, H.‐Y., Atkinson, R. H., and Goble, G. G. (1984a). “Centrifugal testing of model piles and pile groups, Vol. I—Executive summary.” Report FHWA/RD‐84/002, Turner‐Fairbank Res. Ctr., Mclean, Va., Nov., 49.
11.
Ko, H.‐Y., Atkinson, R. H., and Goble, G. G. (1984b). “Centrifugal testing of model piles and pile groups, Vol. HI—Centrifugal tests in clay.” Report FHWA/RD‐84‐004, Turner‐Fairbank Res. Ctr., Mclean, Va., Nov., 131.
12.
Lee, K. L. (1968). “Buckling of partially embedded piles in sand.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 94(1), 255–270.
13.
Levacher, D. R., and Sieffert, J.‐G. (1984). “Tests on model tension piles.” J. Geo‐tech. Engrg., ASCE, 110(12), 1735–1748.
14.
McClelland, B., and Focht, J. A., Jr. (1956). “Soil modulus for laterally loaded piles.” J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 82(4), 5–22.
15.
Monzoori, M., et al. (1984). “Centrifugal testing of model piles and pile groups in a centrifuge, Vol. II—Centrifuge tests in sand.” Report FHWA/RD‐84/003 Turner‐Fairbank Res. Ctr., Mclean, Va., Nov., 106.
16.
Ovensen, N. K. (1980). “The use of physical models in design.” Design parameters in geotechnical engineering, Vol. 4, British Geological Society, London, England.
17.
Peck, R. B., Davisson, M. T., and Hansen, Y. (1958). Discussion of “Soil modulus for laterally loaded piles,” by B. McClelland and J. Focht. Trans., ASCE, 123, 1049–1086.
18.
Prakash, S. (1962). “Behavior of pile groups subjected to lateral loads,” thesis presented to the University of Illinois, at Urbana, Ill., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
19.
Poulos, H. G., and Davis, E. H. (1980). Pile foundation analysis and design. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
20.
Pyke, R. (1979). “Nonlinear soil models for irregular cyclic loadings.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 105(6), 715–726.
21.
Ranjan, G., Ramasamy, G., and Rao, B. G. (1977). “Model study on time dependent deflections of laterally loaded piles in saturated clays.” Proc. 5th Southeast Conf. on Soil Engrg., Southeast Asian Society of Soil Engrg., Asian Inst. of Tech., and Canadian International Development Agency, Jul., 141–152.
22.
Reese, L. C., and Welch, R. C. (1975). “Lateral loading of deep foundations in stiff clay.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 101(7), 633–649.
23.
Rocha, M. (1957). “The possibility of solving soil mechanics problems by the use of models.” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Foundation Engrg., 1, 183–188.
24.
Saglamer, A., and Parry, R. H. G. (1979). “Model study of laterally loaded single piles.” Proc. 7th European Conf. on Soil Mech. and Foundation Engrg., British Geotech. Society, 2, 115–120.
25.
Steenfelt, J. S., Randolph, M. F., and Worth, C. P. (1981). “Instrumented model piles jacked into clay.” Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Foundation Engrg., X. ICSMFE, 2, 857–864.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
Volume 116 • Issue 4 • April 1990
Pages: 571 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Apr 1, 1990
Published in print: Apr 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.