Practical Applications of Codes in Construction of Pipelines

The relationship of codes to their practical application, in a context of rapid change, receives special emphasis, each is derived from the other. A brief history of pipelining from the turn of the century to the present time shows how the perfection of codes and their application has developed mainly since 1945. More and more the engineer is called upon for a conceptual role. Construction costs need to be coatings, weighting, welding, inspection tools, and supervisory controls are needed. The engineer will have to be more alert to the greater idea density and frequency from new forms of communication in order to create new innovations, for adaptation, testing and acceptance into codes. The need for mutual cooperation from all who have responsibilities in formulating and applying codes is urgent, as well as the need to anticipate new areas of responsibility and requirements which will be placed upon the pipeline industry. Pipeline engineers, primarily civil engineers, will inevitably have a closer relationship and involvement with other scientific disciplines of the future.