Buckling Strength of Rolled Angles: Comparison between International Codes
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 9
Abstract
Angle profiles belong to the most common steel profiles used in several types of civil engineering structures, such as in lattice towers. Although, in such towers, they are usually considered as axially loaded (truss) members, an additional bending moment develops due to the eccentricity between the point of load application and the gravity center of the profile. Therefore, this paper focuses on the buckling resistance of single-angle members subjected to combined compression and bending. The investigations have been performed through numerical parametrical studies and have been compared to different normative documents where interaction equations are provided.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
ANSI/AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction). 2022. Specification for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 360-22. Chicago: ANSI.
Ban, H. Y., G. Shi, Y. J. Shi, and Y. Q. Wang. 2013. “Column buckling tests of 420MPa high strength steel single equal angles.” Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 13 (2): 1250069. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455412500691.
Behzadi-Sofiani, B., L. Gardner, and M. A. Wadee. 2021. “Stability and design of fixed-ended stainless steel equal-leg angle section compression members.” Eng. Struct. 249 (Dec): 113281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113281.
Bezas, M.-Z. 2022. “Design of lattice towers from hot-rolled equal leg steel angles.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Liège and National Technical Univ. of Athens.
Bezas, M.-Z., J. F. Demonceau, I. Vayas, and J.-P. Jaspart. 2021a. “Classification and cross-section resistance of equal-leg rolled angle profiles.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 185 (Aug): 106842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106842.
Bezas, M.-Z., J. F. Demonceau, I. Vayas, and J.-P. Jaspart. 2021b. “Experimental and numerical investigations on large angle high strength steel columns.” Thin-Walled Struct. 159 (Feb): 107287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.107287.
Bezas, M.-Z., J. F. Demonceau, I. Vayas, and J.-P. Jaspart. 2022. “Design rules for equal-leg angle members subjected to compression and bending.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 189 (Feb): 107092. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.107092.
BS (British Standard). 2008. Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures—Part 2. BS EN 1090-2. London: BS.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 1994. Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles—Part 2. Tolerances on shapes and dimensions. EN 10056-2. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2005. Design of steel structures—Part 1-1.2005. General rules and rules for buildings. EN 1993-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2006a. Design of steel structures—Part 1-5. Plated structures elements. EN 1993-1-5. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2006b. Design of steel structures—Part 3.2006. Towers, Masts and Chimneys. Tower and masts. EN 1993-3-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2006c. Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures—Part 1-3.2006. General rules—Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting. EN 1993-1-3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2012. Overhead electrical lines exceeding Ac 1 kV—Part 1: General requirements—Common specifications. EN 50341-1 2012. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2020. Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures—Part 1-3. General rules—Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting. prEN 1993-1-3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2021. Design of steel structures—Part 3.2021. Towers, masts and chimneys. prEN 1993-3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation). 2022. Design of steel structures—Part 1-14.2018. Design assisted by finite element analysis. FprEN1993-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
De Menezes, A. A., D. S. Vellasco, P. C. G. De Lima, and A. T. Da Silva. 2019. “Experimental and numerical investigation of austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled angles under compression.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 152 (Apr): 42–56. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.05.033.
Dinis, P. B., D. Camotim, and A. Landesmann. 2019. “Design of simply supported hot-rolled steel short-to-intermediate angle columns.” Steel Constr. 12 (4): 278–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.201900029.
ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork). 1976. Manual on stability of steel structures. Brussels, Belgium: ECCS.
Farhoud, H. 2022. “Design of members from class 1 to 4 equal leg angles according to the provisions of EN1993-1-3 and EN1993-3, Annex F.” Master’s thesis, Analysis and Design of Earthquake Resistant Structures, National Technical Univ. of Athens.
Fisher, J. M. 2000. Load and resistance factor design specification for single-angle members. Chicago: American Institute of Steel Construction.
Kettler, M., and H. Unterweger. 2019. “Laboratory tests on bolted steel angles in compression with varying end support conditions.” [In German.] Stahlbau 88 (5): 447–459. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/stab.201900013.
Liang, Y., V. V. K. Jeyapragasam, L. Zhang, and O. Zhao. 2019. “Flexural-torsional buckling behaviour of fixed-ended hot-rolled austenitic stainless steel equal-leg angle section columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 154 (Mar): 43–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.11.019.
Može, P., L.-G. Cajot, F. Sinur, K. Rejec, and D. Beg. 2014. “Residual stress distribution of large steel equal leg angles.” Eng. Struct. 71 (Jul): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.03.040.
Shi, G., Z. Liu, H. Ban, Y. Zhang, Y. Shi, and Y. Wang. 2012. “Tests and finite element analysis on the local buckling of 420 MPa steel equal angle columns under axial compression.” Steel Compos. Struct. 12 (1): 31–51. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2012.12.1.031.
Shifferaw, Y., and B. W. Schafer. 2014. “Cold-formed steel lipped and plain angle columns with fixed ends.” Thin-Walled Struct. 80 (Jul): 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.03.001.
Spiliopoulos, A., M. E. Dasiou, P. Thanopoulos, and I. Vayas. 2018. “Experimental tests on members made from rolled angle sections.” Steel Constr. Des. Res. 11 (1): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.201710023.
Vayas, I., A. Charalampakis, and V. Koumousis. 2009. “Inelastic resistance of angle sections subjected to biaxial bending and normal forces.” Steel Constr. Des. Res. 2 (2): 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.200910018.
Vayas, I., J. P. Jaspart, A. Bureau, M. Tibolt, S. Reygner, and M. Papavasiliou. 2021. “Telecommunication and transmission lattice towers from angle sections—The ANGELHY project.” ce/papers 4 (2–4): 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1283.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 9 • September 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 13, 2023
Accepted: Apr 9, 2024
Published online: Jul 10, 2024
Published in print: Sep 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Dec 10, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.