Experimental Investigation of the Functional Performance of Pouring Semiflexible Pavement: Healing Capacity, Noise Reduction, and Electrical Conductivity
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 11
Abstract
The development of new functional pavement materials and the application of sustainable concepts in road construction have led to a dramatic change in functional roads. Pouring semiflexible pavement (SFP) has superior advantages over traditional concrete and asphalt pavements in terms of road performance and convenient construction. The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of SFP in terms of healing capacity, noise reduction, and electrical conductivity. First, the self-healing properties of the cement-asphalt-aggregate (C-AS-A) interface are analyzed by pull-out test, and the cracking characteristics and crack-healing capacity of SFP are investigated by semicircular bending (SCB) test and X-ray computed tomography (CT), respectively. Subsequently, the noise reduction performance of SFP, asphalt mixture, and cement concrete are compared by tire vertical drop test. Finally, different conductive SFP materials including graphite powder, carbon fiber, and steel fiber are prepared and their resistivity and road performance are analyzed. The results show that the C-AS-A interface has a significant self-healing ability; the cracks in SFP mainly occur at the C-AS-A interface (accounting for 53.12%) at . Moreover, when heated with microwave radiation, the heating-healing ratio of the SFP specimen increases by 63.33% with the addition of steel fiber. Besides, the noise reduction capability of SFP material is between that of asphalt mixture and cement concrete. By combining graphite powder and carbon fiber, the electrical conductivity and road performances of SFP are significantly improved. The results provide references for further design and development of SFP with heating healing capacity, noise reduction ability, and electrical conductivity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52178434).
Author contributions: Senlin Ling: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Data curation, and Writing—original draft. Lei Xu: Data curation, and Writing—review & editing. Daquan Sun: Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, and Writing—review & editing. Yue Deng: Software, and Data curation. Wei Zhu: Data curation, and Investigation.
References
Al-Rubaei Ahmed, M., L. Stenglein Anna, M. Viklander, and G.-T. Blecken. 2013. “Long-term hydraulic performance of porous asphalt pavements in northern Sweden.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 139 (6): 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000569.
An, S., C. Ai, D. Ren, A. Rahman, and Y. Qiu. 2018. “Laboratory and field evaluation of a novel cement grout asphalt composite.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (8): 04018179. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002376.
Arabzadeh, A., H. Ceylan, S. Kim, A. Sassani, K. Gopalakrishnan, and M. Mina. 2018. “Electrically-conductive asphalt mastic: Temperature dependence and heating efficiency.” Mater. Des. 157 (Mar): 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.07.059.
Arabzadeh, A., M. A. Notani, A. Kazemiyan Zadeh, A. Nahvi, A. Sassani, and H. Ceylan. 2019. “Electrically conductive asphalt concrete: An alternative for automating the winter maintenance operations of transportation infrastructure.” Composites, Part B 173 (Sep): 106985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.106985.
ASTM. 2009. Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion testers, american society of testing and materials. ASTM D4541. West Conshohochen, PA: ASTM.
Bharath, G., M. Shukla, M. N. Nagabushana, S. Chandra, and A. Shaw. 2020. “Laboratory and field evaluation of cement grouted bituminous mixes.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 21 (6): 1694–1712. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2019.1567375.
Biligiri, K. P. 2013. “Effect of pavement materials’ damping properties on tyre/road noise characteristics.” Constr. Build. Mater. 49 (Feb): 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.016.
Cao, R., Z. Leng, J. Yu, and S.-C. Hsu. 2020. “Multi-objective optimization for maintaining low-noise pavement network system in Hong Kong.” Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 88 (Nov): 102573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102573.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2010. Bituminous mixtures—Test methods for hot mix asphalt part 44: Crack propagation by semi-circular bending test. EN 12697-44. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization. 2019. Technical specification for road semi-flexible pavement. T\CECS G: D51–01-2019. Beijing: China Association for Engineering Construction Standardization.
Deng, Y., J. Ma, T. Lu, and D. Sun. 2021. “Enhanced heating-healing performance of asphalt concrete modified with heterogenous microwave sensitive admixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 299 (Feb): 123949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123949.
Djalante, S., and H. Oneyama. 2020. “Toward sustainability: Green road constructionin Indonesia.” In Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Transportation Studies in Developing Countries (ISTSDC 2019), 182–187. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Atlantis Press.
Fakhri, M., B. B. Bahmai, S. Javadi, and M. Sharafi. 2020. “An evaluation of the mechanical and self-healing properties of warm mix asphalt containing scrap metal additives.” J. Cleaner Prod. 253 (Apr): 119963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.119963.
Gao, J., H. Guo, X. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Wei, Z. Wang, Y. Huang, and B. Yang. 2019. “Microwave deicing for asphalt mixture containing steel wool fibers.” J. Cleaner Prod. 206 (Jan): 1110–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.223.
García, Á., E. Schlangen, M. Van De Ven, and Q. Liu. 2009. “Electrical conductivity of asphalt mortar containing conductive fibers and fillers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (10): 3175–3181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.014.
Gong, M., Z. Xiong, H. Chen, C. Deng, X. Chen, J. Yang, H. Zhu, and J. Hong. 2019. “Evaluation on the cracking resistance of semi-flexible pavement mixture by laboratory research and field validation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 207 (May): 387–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.064.
Huang, B., X. Chen, and X. Shu. 2009. “Effects of electrically conductive additives on laboratory-measured properties of asphalt mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 21 (10): 612–617. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:10(612).
Jahanbakhsh, H., M. M. Karimi, and F. M. Nejad. 2020. “Correlation between asphalt concrete induced healing and rheological properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 265 (Dec): 120577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120577.
Jiao, W., A. Sha, Z. Liu, W. Li, L. Zhang, and S. Jiang. 2022. “Optimization design and prediction of the snow-melting pavement based on electrical-thermal system.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 193 (Apr): 103406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103406.
Joenck, F. T., V. B. C. Joenck, J. A. V. D. Carpio, and J. V. S. de Melo. 2022. “Self-healing capacity of asphalt mixtures with steel fiber, steel slag and graphite powder, evaluated with microwave induction and fatigue test.” Matéria 27 (Jan): e20220221. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-RMAT-2022-0221.
Kai, Y., L. Yanjiu, and L. Jinsong. 2011. “Conductive shape memory polymer composite incorporated with hybrid fillers: Electrical, mechanical, and shape memory properties.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 22 (4): 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X11401452.
Ling, S., Z. Chen, D. Sun, H. Ni, Y. Deng, and Y. Sun. 2022a. “Optimal design of pouring semi-flexible pavement via laboratory test, numerical research, and field validation.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2676 (11): 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221093631.
Ling, S., M. Hu, D. Sun, H. Ni, and L. Xu. 2022b. “Mechanical properties of pouring semi-flexible pavement material and engineering estimation on contribution of each phase.” Constr. Build. Mater. 315 (Jan): 125782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125782.
Ling, S., Y. Sun, D. Sun, and D. Jelagin. 2022c. “Pore characteristics and permeability simulation of porous asphalt mixture in pouring semi-flexible pavement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 330 (May): 127253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127253.
Ling, S., F. Yu, D. Sun, G. Sun, and L. Xu. 2021. “A comprehensive review of tire-pavement noise: Generation mechanism, measurement methods, and quiet asphalt pavement.” J. Cleaner Prod. 287 (Mar): 125056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125056.
Liu, Z., S. Luo, Y. Wang, and H. Chen. 2019. “Induction heating and fatigue-damage induction healing of steel fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (9): 04019180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002824.
Miljković, M., M. Radenberg, and C. Gottaut. 2014. “Characterization of noise-reducing capacity of pavement by means of surface texture parameters.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (2): 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000821.
Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. 2005. Test methods of aggregate for highway engineering. JTG E42-2005. Beijing: China Communications Press.
Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. JTG E20-2011. Beijing: China Communications Press.
Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. 2020. Testing methods of cement and concrete for highway engineering. JTG 3420-2020. Beijing: China Communications Press.
Najib, N. N., Z. M. Ariff, A. A. Bakar, and C. S. Sipaut. 2011. “Correlation between the acoustic and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber foam: Effect of foaming temperature.” Mater. Des. 32 (2): 505–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.08.030.
Nalbandian, K. M., M. Carpio, and Á. González. 2021. “Analysis of the scientific evolution of self-healing asphalt pavements: Toward sustainable road materials.” J. Cleaner Prod. 293 (Sep): 126107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126107.
Norambuena-Contreras, J., J. Quilodran, I. Gonzalez-Torre, M. Chavez, and R. Borinaga-Treviño. 2018. “Electrical and thermal characterisation of cement-based mortars containing recycled metallic waste.” J. Cleaner Prod. 190 (Jun): 737–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.176.
Norambuena-Contreras, J., R. Serpell, G. Valdés Vidal, A. González, and E. Schlangen. 2016. “Effect of fibres addition on the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures with crack-healing purposes by microwave radiation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 127 (Nov): 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.005.
Obaidi, H., B. Gomez-Meijide, and A. Garcia. 2019. “On-site manufacture of hot mix asphalt using pellets that can be melted by induction energy.” Powder Technol. 344 (Feb): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.11.089.
Oltean-Dumbrava, C., G. Watts, and A. Miah. 2013. “Transport infrastructure: Making more sustainable decisions for noise reduction.” J. Cleaner Prod. 42 (Mar): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.008.
Rao, R., J. Fu, Y. Chan, C. Y. Tuan, and C. Liu. 2018. “Steel fiber confined graphite concrete for pavement deicing.” Composites, Part B 155 (Sep): 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.013.
Sassani, A., A. Arabzadeh, H. Ceylan, S. Kim, S. M. S. Sadati, K. Gopalakrishnan, P. C. Taylor, and H. Abdualla. 2018. “Carbon fiber-based electrically conductive concrete for salt-free deicing of pavements.” J. Cleaner Prod. 203 (Dec): 799–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.315.
Schuster, L., J. V. Staub De Melo, and J. A. Villena Del Carpio. 2023. “Effects of the associated incorporation of steel wool and carbon nanotube on the healing capacity and mechanical performance of an asphalt mixture.” Int. J. Fatigue 168 (Mar): 107440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107440.
Sun, D., G. Sun, X. Zhu, A. Guarin, B. Li, Z. Dai, and J. Ling. 2018. “A comprehensive review on self-healing of asphalt materials: Mechanism, model, characterization and enhancement.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 256 (May): 65–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2018.05.003.
Tan, H., W. Xuan, and H. Wenke. 2021. “Microstructural mechanical analysis of warm-mixed reclaimed semiflexible pavement materials with interfacial weakening effect.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2021 (Jul): 1055006. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1055006.
Tonin, R. 2016. “Quiet road pavements: Design and measurement—State of the art.” Acoust. Aust. 44 (2): 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-016-0066-3.
Wrótny, M., J. Bohatkiewicz, and J. Bohatkiewicz-Czaicka. 2022. “Influence of using low-noise pavements on residents’ perception of road noise protection.” Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 113 (Aug): 103531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103531.
Wu, S., L. Mo, Z. Shui, and Z. Chen. 2005. “Investigation of the conductivity of asphalt concrete containing conductive fillers.” Carbon 43 (7): 1358–1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.033.
Xu, L., H. Ni, Y. Zhang, D. Sun, Y. Zheng, and M. Hu. 2022. “Porous asphalt mixture use asphalt rubber binders: Preparation and noise reduction evaluation.” J. Cleaner Prod. 376 (Aug): 134119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134119.
Yang, B., and X. Weng. 2015. “The influence on the durability of semi-flexible airport pavement materials to cyclic wheel load test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 98 (Jan): 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.092.
Yu, B., L. Jiao, F. Ni, and J. Yang. 2015. “Long-term field performance of porous asphalt pavement in china.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 16 (1): 214–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.944205.
Zhong, X. G., X. Zeng, and J. G. Rose. 2002. “Shear modulus and damping ratio of rubber-modified asphalt mixes and unsaturated subgrade soils.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 14 (6): 496–502. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2002)14:6(496).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35 • Issue 11 • November 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 4, 2023
Accepted: Apr 4, 2023
Published online: Sep 4, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 4, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.