Technical Papers
Sep 13, 2023

OptGate: A New Tool to Design and Analyze the Performance of Conventional and Self-Compensating Gated Pipe Systems

Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 11

Abstract

Surface irrigation is still by far the most common method adopted worldwide. For many developing countries, shifting to modern pressurized irrigation is hampered by system and energy costs. Gated pipes are an improvement on furrow irrigation. They offer an affordable modernization option for traditional surface systems. Designed to operate at low pressure, gated pipes have the potential to reduce conveyance losses, improve application uniformity, and minimize runoff, which is often responsible for spreading waterborne diseases and lowering water quality. However, very little pertinent data are available on their performance. In this paper, a new model (OptGate) for the design and performance analysis of self-compensated (SC) and conventional rectangular (CG) gated pipes is described and field validated. OptGate proved its reliability in simulating the discharges along the gated pipe with RMSE = 0.29 and 0.119  m3/h for CG and SC, respectively, under a range of streaming head pressures ranging from 2 to 10 m with a 2-m step. The proposed model can provide users with the ability to predict system performance under different pressures, spacings, gate shapes and behaviors, pipe diameters, and land topography scenarios.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

Some data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request: the software execution file (OptGate).

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Rolland Company for designing the SC gate and IRSTEA for testing it in its hydraulic lab.

References

Abdelmoneim, A. A., A. Daccache, R. Khadra, M. Bhanot, and G. Dragonetti. 2021. “Internet of Things (IoT) for double ring infiltrometer automation.” Comput. Electron. Agric. 188 (Sep): 106324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106324.
Abdel-Raheem, H., and A. Elwan. 2016. “Gated pipes irrigation system for optimum water productivity of sugar cane in Egypt.” J. Am. Sci. 12 (7): 215–225.
Brown, G. O. 2002. “The history of the Darcy–Weisbach equation for pipe flow resistance.” In Environmental and water resources history, 34–43. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Christiansen, J. E. 1942. Irrigation by sprinkling. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Daccache, A., J. Ciurana, J. R. Diaz, and J. W. Knox. 2014. “Water and energy footprint of irrigated agriculture in the Mediterranean region.” Environ. Res. Lett. 9 (12): 124014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124014.
Daccache, A., N. Lamaddalena, and U. Fratino. 2010. “Assessing pressure changes in an on-demand water distribution system on drip irrigation performance—Case study in Italy.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 136 (4): 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000170.
El Awady, M., M. El Tantawy, S. Hassan, and A. El Ashhab. 2003. “Water-flow uniformity through irrigation gated-pipes.” In Proc., Int. Workshop on Improved Irrigation Technologies and Methods: Research, Development and Testing, 18–19. Canberra, Australia: CSIRO Research Publications Repository.
El-Hagarey, M. 2015. Innovative automatic self-compensating gated irrigation pipes. London: LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
El-Noemani, A.-S. A., M. M. Hussein, A.-G. M. El-Gindy, K. El-Bagoury, and H. M. Mehanna. 2014. “Validation of G-pipe simulation model under Egyptian conditions.” Am. Eurasian J. Sustainable Agric. 8 (15): 1–9.
El-Shafie, A., O. Beder, M. Hussein, and A. El-Gindy. 2009. “Performance analysis of self–compensating gated pipe for improving surface irrigation efficiency.” MISR J. Agric. Eng. 26 (3): 1318–1335. https://doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2009.108701.
El-Shafie, A., M. Marwa, and O. Dewedar. 2018. “Research article hydraulic performance analysis of flexible gated pipe irrigation technique using GPIMOD model.” Asian J. Crop Sci. 10 (4): 180–189. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2018.180.189.
El-Shafie, A., M. Osama, M. Hussein, A. El-Gindy, and R. Ragab. 2017. “Predicting soil moisture distribution, dry matter, water productivity and potato yield under a modified gated pipe irrigation system: SALTMED model application using field experimental data.” Agric. Water Manage. 184 (Apr): 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.02.002.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2017. Water for sustainable food and agriculture a report produced for the G20 presidency of Germany. Rome: FAO.
Hansona, B., L. Schwankl, K. Schulbach, and G. Pettygrove. 1997. “A comparison of furrow, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on lettuce yield and applied water.” Agric. Water Manage. 33 (2–3): 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(96)01289-9.
Hardie, M. 2020. “Review of novel and emerging proximal soil moisture sensors for use in agriculture.” Sensors 20 (23): 6934. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236934.
Hussein, M., A. El-Gindy, H. Mehanna, and A. El-Shafi. 2016. “Hydraulic characteristics for predicting water distribution of self-compensating gated pipe irrigation technique.” Int. J. ChemTech Res. 9 (Jun): 127–139.
Kang, S., P. Shi, Y. Pan, Z. Liang, X. Hu, and J. Zhang. 2000. “Soil water distribution, uniformity and water-use efficiency under alternate furrow irrigation in arid areas.” Irrig. Sci. 19 (Sep): 181–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002710000019.
Khadra, R., M. Moreno, H. Awada, and N. Lamaddalena. 2016. “Energy and hydraulic performance-based management of large-scale pressurized irrigation systems.” Water Resour. Manage. 30 (10): 3493–3506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1365-z.
Khadra, R., and J. A. Sagardoy. 2019. Irrigation governance challenges in the Mediterranean Region: Learning from experiences and promoting sustainable performance. Berlin: Springer.
Khadra, R., J. A. Sagardoy, S. Taha, and N. Lamaddalena. 2017. “Participatory irrigation management and transfer: Setting the guiding principles for a sustaining monitoring & evaluation system—A focus on the Mediterranean.” Water Resour. Manage. 31 (13): 4227–4238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1741-3.
Labye, Y. 1988. Design and optimization of irrigation distribution networks. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
Lamaddalena, N., R. Khadra, B. Derardja, and U. Fratino. 2018. “A new indicator for unsteady flow analysis in pressurized irrigation systems.” Water Resour. Manage. 32 (Jul): 3219–3232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-1987-4.
Osman, H. 2002. “Evaluation of surface irrigation using gated pipes techniques in field crops and old horticultural farm.” Ann. Agric. Sci. 47 (2): 461–475.
Pereira, L. S., and J. M. Gonçalves. 2018. “Surface irrigation.” In Oxford research encyclopedia of environmental science. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ragab, R., R. Choukr-Allah, A. Nghira, and A. Hirich. 2017. “SALTMED model and its application on field crops, different water and field management and under current and future climate change.” In The Souss-Massa River basin, Morocco, 227–274. Berlin: Springer.
Sawassi, A., and R. Khadra. 2021. “Bibliometric network analysis of ‘Water systems adaptation to climate change uncertainties’: Concepts, approaches, gaps, and opportunities.” Sustainability 13 (12): 6738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126738.
Sawassi, A., R. Khadra, and N. Lamaddalena. 2021. “Assessing the correlation between service flexibility and the cost of modernized large-scale pressurized irrigation systems: A perspective of resilience.” Irrig. Sci. 39 (Nov): 759–772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00730-6.
Smith, R., P. Watts, and S. Mulder. 1986. “Analysis and design of gated irrigation pipelines.” Agric. Water Manage. 12 (1–2): 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(86)90009-0.
van Dijk, M., T. Morley, M. L. Rau, and Y. Saghai. 2021. “A meta-analysis of projected global food demand and population at risk of hunger for the period 2010–2050.” Nat. Food 2 (7): 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00322-9.
Waller, P., and M. Yitayew. 2015. Irrigation and drainage engineering. Berlin: Springer.
Watts, P. J., R. J. Smith, and G. M. O’Hare. 1984. “Hydraulic analysis and simulation of gated pipe.” In Proc., Conf. on Agricultural Engineering 1984: Agricultural Engineering Innovation; Preprints of Papers, 218–223. Barton, ACT, Australia: Institution of Engineers.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 149Issue 11November 2023

History

Received: Dec 7, 2022
Accepted: Aug 14, 2023
Published online: Sep 13, 2023
Published in print: Nov 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 13, 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

ASCE Technical Topics:

Authors

Affiliations

Ahmed A. Abdelmoneim, Ph.D.
Researcher, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano 70010, Italy.
Andre Daccache, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616.
Senior Researcher, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie 9, Valenzano 70010, Italy (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-1557. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share