Efficacious Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by UV–H2O2 Advanced Oxidation and Optimization of Process Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28, Issue 3
Abstract
The concentration of persistent organic compounds, including pesticides, in aquatic environments is gradually increasing due to industrial discharge and uncontrolled runoff from agricultural fields. The advanced oxidation process is considered the most effective treatment method for the mineralization of persistent compounds. This research focused on the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide by a homogeneous process involving ultraviolet irradiation and H2O2 (UV–H2O2) and utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to analyzed influences of key factors involved in processes like 2,4-D concentration, H2O2 dose, pH, and nitrate amount in wastewater. Results showed that 90% of the 2,4-D herbicide was degraded within 5 min of UV-C radiation (253.7 nm wavelength) corresponding to the peroxide dose of 2 mol H2O2/mol 2,4-D at pH 5 and a nitrate concentration of 0.25 mM. A polynomial quadratic equation was developed to envisage both time- and fluence-based rate constants. All process parameters were found to significantly affect the degradation of the herbicide. Results indicated that an increase in initial 2,4-D and nitrate concentration in solution decreases the 2,4-D degradation rate. Higher H2O2 dosages and pH levels indicated an intensification in the rate constant up to an optimum value. Further, an increase in H2O2 dosage and pH resulted in a decrease in degradation rate. Further, the optimum conditions for 2,4-D degradation by the UV–H2O2 process were estimated. The findings of the present work will help to design the treatment process in real field conditions with variable water matrices.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Environmental Engineering Department of the CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI no. 1940) and the Environmental Engineering Division of the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur for their support.
Author contributions: Arijit Ghosh: Experimentation, Data curation, Preliminary draft preparation; Asok Adak: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Reviewing and editing; Bijoli Mondal: Data curation, Preliminary draft preparation; Najmul Haque Barbhuiya: Experimentation, Data curation, Preliminary draft preparation; Indrasis Das: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—original draft, Reviewing and editing.
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Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28 • Issue 3 • July 2024
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© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Dec 12, 2023
Accepted: Jan 31, 2024
Published online: Apr 5, 2024
Published in print: Jul 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Sep 5, 2024
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