Effects of Cocontamination by Toluene on Cr(VI) Adsorption by P-nZVI in a Soil–Water System: A Fixed-Bed Column Study
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28, Issue 3
Abstract
Soil–water cocontamination with heavy metals and nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) raises widespread concerns. Coexisting NAPL pollutants like toluene can antagonize the chemical processes employed for removing target heavy metals. This study investigates the impact of toluene on Cr(VI) adsorption by pumice-supported nano zerovalent iron (P-nZVI). The experiment was performed by passing a 10 mg/L Cr(VI) aqueous solution through a fixed-bed column in two batches, one without and the other with toluene. Results showed that toluene's copresence caused a 71.3% drop (3.14 to 0.9 mg/g) in P-nZVI adsorption capacity for Cr(VI). In toluene's absence, a Cr(VI) concentration in the effluent appeared after 60 h, while in its copresence, a Cr(VI) concentration appeared within 10 h. The average Cr(VI) concentration of the effluent increased from 5.05 mg/L in the first batch to 8.64 mg/L in the second batch. Breakthrough curve modeling demonstrated that the Thomas model best described the adsorption kinetics for the first case (R2 = 0.999), followed by the Yoon and Nelson and the Clark models with R2 = 0.996 and 0.994, respectively. Under toluene cocontamination, both the Thomas and the Yoon and Nelson models showed the best fit (R2 = 0.996). The inverse numerical analysis determined adsorption isotherm parameters (Ks, β, η) and confirmed that the reaction followed Langmuir behavior (β ≃ 1) with slight linearity under individual Cr(VI) presence. The results from this adsorption study, supported by adsorbent characterization before and after the reaction, demonstrated the unfavorable effects of coexisting contaminants on the removal of contaminants of concern.
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Data Availability Statement
All data generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the British Council, UK, and the Department of Science and Technology, India, for joint support through a UKIERI Project. The authors are also thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), India, for research fellowship support and SPARK, IIT Roorkee, India, for internship assistance.
Author contributions: A.G.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Review, Editing; B.K.Y.: Conceptualization, Project Administering and Funding, Writing – review; S.R.: Methodology, Investigation, Writing – review; H.S.: Methodology, Investigation.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 28 • Issue 3 • July 2024
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© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 13, 2023
Accepted: Jan 20, 2024
Published online: Apr 3, 2024
Published in print: Jul 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Sep 3, 2024
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