Installation Effects and Behavior of a Driven Prestressed High-Strength Concrete Nodular Pile in Deep Saturated Soft Clay
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper investigated the installation effects of a driven prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) nodular pile in deep soft clay through full-scale tests, and the behavior of a driven PHC nodular pile is analyzed based on the field test results. The test results demonstrated that the driven PHC nodular pile installation process induced significant disturbance in the surrounding soil. The excess pore water pressures (Δu) that were induced by the installation of a driven PHC nodular pile were larger than the Δu that were induced by the installation of a driven PHC pipe pile. The driven PHC nodular pile installation caused significant Δu in the soil down to 2 m below the pile base, and the Δu became much smaller in the soil at 4 m below the pile base. The Δu dissipated slowly in the soft clay layers, and the Δu in the surficial soil layers dissipated faster than that in the deep soil layers. The nodules along the PHC nodular pile shaft could increase the pile shaft capacity. The measured shaft resistances of 350(400)-mm PHC nodular piles were 1.17–1.18 times the calculated shaft resistances of 350-mm PHC pipe piles in soft clay layers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research described was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52108350 and 51978610). The authors are also thankful to ZCONE High-tech Pile Industry Holdings Co., Ltd. for the financial support in the field tests.
References
API (American Petroleum Institute). 2014. Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms - working stress design. 22nd ed. API RP2A-WSD. Washington, DC: API.
Baligh, M. M. 1985. “Strain path method.” J. Geotech. Eng. 111 (9): 1108–1136. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1985)111:9(1108).
CABR (China Academy of Building Research). 2008. Technical code for building pile foundations. [In Chinese.] JGJ94-2008. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press.
CABR (China Academy of Building Research). 2014. Technical code for testing of building foundation piles. [In Chinese.] JGJ 106-2014. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press.
Carter, J. P., J. R. Booker, and S. K. Yeung. 1986. “Cavity expansion in cohesive frictional soils.” Géotechnique 36 (3): 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1986.36.3.349.
Carter, J. P., M. F. Randolph, and C. P. Wroth. 1979. “Stress and pore pressure changes in clay during and after the expansion of a cylindrical cavity.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 3 (4): 305–322. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610030402.
Clark, J. I., and G. G. Meyerhof. 1972. “The behavior of piles driven in clay. I. An investigation of soil stress and pore water pressure as related to soil properties.” Can. Geotech. J. 9: 351–373. https://doi.org/10.1139/t72-039.
Fleming, K., A. Weltman, M. Randolph, and K. Elson. 2009. Piling engineering. 3rd ed. London: Taylor & Francis.
Gibson, R. E., and W. F. Anderson. 1961. “In situ measurement of soil properties with the pressuremeter.” Civ. Eng. Public Works Rev. 56: 615–618.
Gorasia, R. J., and A. McNamara. 2016. “High-capacity ribbed pile foundations.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. 169 (3): 264–275. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.15.00073.
Horiguchi, T., and M. B. Karkee. 1995. “Load tests on bored PHC nodular piles in different ground conditions and the bearing capacity based on simple soil parameters.” Proc. Tech. Rep. Jpn Archit. Soc. 1 (1): 89–94.
Jardine, R. J., F. C. Chow, Y. R. Over, and J. Standing. 2005. ICP design methods for driven piles in sand and clays. London: Thomas Telford.
Johari, A., and A. Talebi. 2021. “Stochastic analysis of piled-raft foundations using the random finite-element method.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (4): 04021020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001966.
Kalantari, A. R., and A. Johari. 2022. “System reliability analysis for seismic stability of the soldier pile wall using the conditional random finite-element method.” Int. J. Geomech. 22 (10): 04022159. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002534.
Karkee, M. B., S. Kanai, and T. Horiguchi. 1998. “Quality assurance in bored PHC nodular piles through control of design capacity based on loading test data.” In Proc., 7th Int. Conf., and Exhibition, Piling and Deep Foundations, 1–9. Vienna, Austria: Deep Foundations Institute.
Kong, G., L. Wen, H. Liu, J. Zheng, and Q. Yang. 2020. “Installation effects of the post-grouted micropile in marine soft clay.” Acta Geotech. 15: 3559–3569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00993-x.
Lehane, B. M., Y. Li, and R. Williams. 2013. “Shaft capacity of displacement piles in clay using the cone penetration test.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 139 (2): 253–266. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000749.
O’Neill, M. W. 2001. “Side resistance in piles and drilled shafts.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 127 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:1(1).
Randolph, M. F. 2003. “Science and empiricism in pile foundation design.” Géotechnique 53: 847–875. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2003.53.10.847.
Randolph, M. F., J. P. Carter, and C. P. Wroth. 1979. “Driven piles in clay—the effects of installation and subsequent consolidation.” Géotechnique 29 (4): 361–393. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.4.361.
Randolph, M. F., and B. S. Murphy. 1985. “Shaft capacity of driven piles in clay.” In Proc., 17th Offshore Technology Conf., 371–378. Houston, TX: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers.
Randolph, M. F., and C. P. Wroth. 1981. “Application of the failure state in undrained simple shear to the shaft capacity of driven piles.” Géotechnique 31 (1): 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1981.31.1.143.
Shuttle, D. 2007. “Cylindrical cavity expansion and contraction in Tresca soil.” Géotechnique 57 (3): 305–308. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.3.305.
Uchida, K., T. Kawabata, H. Nakase, M. Imai, D. Syoda, and J. Ooishi. 2004. “Evaluation of load bearing mechanism for pile with multiple stepped two diameters.” In Proc., 14th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf. Mountain View, CA: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).
Yu, H. S. 2013. Cavity expansion methods in geomechanics. Berlin: Springer.
Zhou, J.-j., X.-n. Gong, R.-h. Zhang, M.-h. El Naggar, and K.-h. Wang. 2020. “Field behavior of pre-bored grouted planted nodular pile embedded in deep clayey soil.” Acta Geotech. 15: 1847–1857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-019-00891-x.
Zhou, J.-j., J.-l. Yu, X.-n. Gong, R.-h. Zhang, and T.-l. Yan. 2019a. “Influence of soil reinforcement on the uplift bearing capacity of a pre-stressed high-strength concrete pile embedded in clayey soil.” Soils Found. 59 (6): 2367–2375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2019.12.002.
Zhou, J.-j., R.-h. Zhang, S. Huang, X.-n. Gong, T.-l. Yan, and G.-l. Xu. 2019b. “Field behavior of pre-stressed high-strength concrete nodular piles and PHC pipe piles under compression in soft soil areas.” [In Chinese.] J. Tianjin Univ. 52 (S1): 9–15.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 22, 2022
Accepted: Oct 13, 2022
Published online: Dec 26, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 26, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.