Technical Papers
Apr 10, 2024

Effect of Newly Built Embankments on Existing Bridge Piles Passing through Beaded Karst Caves

Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24, Issue 6

Abstract

This study was part of a preliminary safety assessment for a real project of existing bridge piles passing through beaded karst caves threatened by a nearby newly built embankment. To investigate the severity of the effect of the embankment on the performance of these piles, a series of reduced-scale model experiments of piles considering different cave numbers (n = 0, 1, 2, and 3) near surcharge loads were designed with a similarity ratio of 1:35. Two phases of loading, the vertical loading atop the pile and nearby surcharge loading, were imposed successively to explore the vertical bearing characteristic and lateral response characteristic of the piles passing through beaded karst caves. The effects of cave number, vertical load atop the pile, and nearby surcharge load on the responses of pile and soil were clarified and several fitting functions were presented to characterize the variations of responses with different cave numbers and nearby surcharge loads. The results and conclusions can provide a reference for the design and safety assessment of bridge piles in karst terrains.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request including the data in the graph and the code of calculation.

Acknowledgments

This research is part of work supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52108317), the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. SKLGME022016), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 2022JJ40074, 2020JJ4619), and the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (No. CX20200835).

References

Bransby, M. F., and S. M. Springman. 1996. “3-D finite element modelling of pile groups adjacent to surcharge loads.” Comput. Geotech. 19 (4): 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352x(95)00001-q.
Bransby, M. F., and S. M. Springman. 1999. “Selection of load-transfer functions for passive lateral loading of pile groups.” Comput. Geotech. 24 (3): 155–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-352x(99)00006-3.
Cao, X. F., H. G. Tang, H. L. Li, and G. C. Sun. 2021. “Probability model for embedment of single pile into rock masses at building sites in karst terrain.” Arabian J. Geosci. 14 (7): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-06797-x.
Chen, H. Y., Z. J. Feng, T. Li, S. F. Bai, and C. Zhang. 2021. “Study on the vertical bearing performance of pile across cave and sensitivity of three parameters.” Sci. Rep. 11 (8): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96883-7.
de Queiroz Salles, L., P. Galvão, L. R. B. Leal, R. G. F. de Araujo Pereira, C. G. C. da Purificação, and F. V. Laureano. 2018. “Evaluation of susceptibility for terrain collapse and subsidence in karst areas, Municipality of Iraquara, Chapada Diamantina (BA), Brazil.” Environ. Earth Sci. 77 (16): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7769-8.
Duan, C. L., C. H. Yan, B. T. Xu, and Y. K. Zhou. 2017. “Crosshole seismic CT data field experiments and interpretation for karst caves in deep foundations.” Eng. Geol. 228 (10): 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.08.009.
Elbaz, K., S. L. Shen, Y. Tan, and W. C. Chen. 2018. “Investigation into performance of deep excavation in sand covered karst: A case report.” Soils Found. 58 (4): 1042–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.03.012.
Goh, A. T. C., C. I. Teh, and K. S. Wong. 1997. “Analysis of piles subjected to embankment induced lateral soil movements.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 123 (9): 792–801. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:9(792).
Guo, W. D. 2014. “Elastic models for nonlinear response of rigid passive piles.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 38 (18): 1969–1989. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2292.
Hong, W. P., J. H. Kim, and L. T. Chen. 2018. “Role of piles in mitigating the movement of pipes in soft grounds during embankment loading.” Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 37 (9): 1019–1031. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2018.1523973.
Hong, Y., B. He, L. Wang, Z. Wang, C. Ng, and D. Mašín. 2017. “Cyclic lateral response and failure mechanisms of semi-rigid pile in soft clay: Centrifuge tests and numerical modelling.” Can. Geotech. J. 54 (6): 806–824. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0356.
Huang, M., S. Jiang, C. Xu, and D. Xu. 2020. “A new theoretical settlement model for large step-tapered hollow piles based on disturbed state concept theory.” Comput. Geotech. 124 (8): 103626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103626.
Jiang, S., M. Huang, A. Deng, and D. X. Xu. 2021. “Theoretical solution for long-term settlement of a large step-tapered hollow pile in karst topography.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (8): 04021148. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002062.
Karim, M. R. 2013. “Behaviour of piles subjected to passive subsoil movement due to embankment construction: A simplified 3D analysis.” Comput. Geotech. 53 (9): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.04.004.
Karim, M. R., S. C. R. Lo, and C. T. Gnanendran. 2014. “Behaviour of piles subjected to passive loading due to embankment construction.” Can. Geotech. J. 51 (3): 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0468.
Kelesoglu, K. M., and S. F. Cinicioglu. 2010. “Free-field measurements to disclose lateral reaction mechanism of piles subjected to soil movements.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 136 (2): 331–343. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000217.
Kelesoglu, M. K., and S. M. Springman. 2011. “Analytical and 3D numerical modelling of full-height bridge abutments constructed on pile foundations through soft soils.” Comput. Geotech. 38 (8): 934–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.07.011.
Liao, W. M., J. J. Zhang, J. B. Wu, and K. M. Yan. 2018. “Response of flexible monopile in marine clay under cyclic lateral load.” Ocean Eng. 147 (1): 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.10.022.
Liu, L., Z. M. Shi, M. Peng, C. C. Liu, F. J. Tao, and C. S. Liu. 2018. “Numerical modeling for karst cavity sonar detection beneath bored cast in situ pile using 3D staggered grid finite difference method.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 82 (12): 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.07.034.
Liu, L., Z. M. Shi, M. Peng, G. P. Tsoflias, L. Liu, F. J. Tao, and C. S. Liu. 2020. “A borehole multifrequency acoustic wave system for karst detection near piles.” J. Appl. Geophys. 177 (6): 104051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.104051.
MTPRC (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2017. Code for design on subsoil and foundation of railway bridges and culverts. TB 10093-2017. [In Chinese.] Beijing: China Railway Publishing House.
MTPRC (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2019. Specifications for design of foundation of highway bridges and culverts. JTG 3363-2019. Beijing: China Communications Press.
Nie, Q. K., X. L. Li, W. Yuan, A. L. Wang, W. Wang, X. X. Jia, and W. D. Shang. 2021. “Calculation method for the critical thickness of a karst cave roof at the bottom of a socketed pile.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2021: 1669410. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1669410.
Niu, J. R., I. A. Oyediran, D. A. Liu, X. Huang, Z. D. Cui, H. J. Wang, and X. S. Shi. 2015. “Quantitative foundation stability evaluation of urban karst area: Case study of Tangshan, China.” Soils Found. 55 (3): 493–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.04.002.
Peng, W., M. Zhao, H. Zhao, S. Zhou, and L. Zhang. 2023. “Effect of nearby strip loading on lateral capacity of offshore large-diameter monopiles in clay slope.” Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 41 (11): 1239–1251.
Poulos, H. G., L. T. Chen, and T. S. Hull. 1995. “Model tests on single piles subjected to lateral soil movement.” Soils Found. 35 (4): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.35.4_85.
Raja, N., and K. Muthukkumaran. 2021. “Effect of rock-socketing on laterally loaded piles installed in the proximity of sloping ground.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (2): 04020252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001895.
Rathod, D., K. Muthukkumaran, and S. G. Thallak. 2019. “Experimental investigation on behavior of a laterally loaded single pile located on sloping ground.” Int. J. Geomech. 19 (5): 04019021. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001381.
Sastry, V., and G. G. Meyerhof. 1994. “Behaviour of flexible piles in layered sands under eccentric and inclined loads.” Can. Geotech. J. 31 (4): 513–520. https://doi.org/ 10.1139/t94-060.
Sastry, V., and G. G. Meyerhof. 1995. “Behaviour of flexible piles in layered clays under eccentric and inclined loads.” Can. Geotech. J. 32 (3): 387–396. https://doi.org/ 10.1139/t95-043.
Smethurst, J. A., and W. Powrie. 2007. “Monitoring and analysis of the bending behaviour of discrete piles used to stabilise a railway embankment.” Géotechnique 57 (8): 663–677. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.8.663.
Suleiman, M. T., L. Ni, J. D. Helm, and A. Raich. 2014. “Soil–pile interaction for a small diameter pile embedded in granular soil subjected to passive loading.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 140 (5): 04014002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001081.
Tschuchnigg, F., and H. F. Schweiger. 2015. “The embedded pile concept-verification of an efficient tool for modelling complex deep foundations.” Comput. Geotech. 63 (1): 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.09.008.
Wang, P., H. Y. Ding, and P. Y. Zhang. 2020a. “Influence of karst caves at pile side on the bearing capacity of super-long pile foundation.” Math. Probl. Eng. 2020: 4895735. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4895735.
Wang, X. L., J. X. Lai, S. Y. He, R. S. Garnes, and Y. W. Zhang. 2020b. “Karst geology and mitigation measures for hazards during metro system construction in Wuhan, China.” Nat. Hazard. 103 (6): 2905–2927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04108-3.
Wu, H. N., S. L. Shen, L. Ma, Z. Y. Yin, and S. Horpibulsuk. 2015. “Evaluation of the strength increase of marine clay under staged embankment loading: A case study.” Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 33 (6): 532–541. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2014.954180.
Xu, K. J., and H. G. Poulos. 2001. “3-D elastic analysis of vertical piles subjected to ‘passive’ loadings.” Comput. Geotech. 28 (5): 349–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(00)00024-0.
Yang, M., S. Q. Shangguan, S. Q. Li, and B. T. Zhu. 2017. “Numerical study of consolidation effect on the response of passive piles adjacent to surcharge load.” Int. J. Geomech. 17 (11): 04017093. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000991.
Yuan, B. X., R. Chen, J. Teng, T. Peng, and Z. W. Feng. 2015. “Investigation on 3D ground deformation and response of active and passive piles in loose sand.” Environ. Earth Sci. 73 (11): 7641–7649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3935-9.
Zhang, H., M. L. Shi, and Y. C. Guo. 2020. “Semianalytical solutions for abutment piles under combined active and passive loading.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (10): 04020171. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001804.
Zhao, C. F., W. Z. Wang, C. Zhao, and Q. X. Liao. 2013. “Lateral bearing capacity of single piles under vertical and moment load in sand.” [In Chinese.] Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 32 (1): 184–190.
Zhou, C., W. Shao, and C. V. Westen. 2014. “Comparing two methods to estimate lateral force acting on stabilizing piles for a landslide in the three Gorges Reservoir, China.” Eng. Geol. 173 (5): 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.02.004.
Zhou, Y., G. Q. Kong, L. Wen, and Q. Yang. 2021a. “Evaluation of geosynthetic-encased column-supported embankments with emphasis on penetration of column toe.” Comput. Geotech. 132 (4): 104039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104039.
Zhou, Y., G. Q. Kong, J. J. Zheng, L. Wen, and Q. Yang. 2021b. “Analytical solutions for geosynthetic-encased stone column-supported embankments with emphasis on nonlinear behaviours of columns.” Geotext. Geomembr. 49 (5): 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2021.03.005.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to International Journal of Geomechanics
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 24Issue 6June 2024

History

Received: Jun 20, 2022
Accepted: Jan 4, 2024
Published online: Apr 10, 2024
Published in print: Jun 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Sep 10, 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Dequan Zhou [email protected]
Professor, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China. Email: [email protected]
Ph.D. Candidate, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China. Email: [email protected]
Wenzhe Peng [email protected]
Assistant Professor, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan Univ., Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan Univ., Changsha 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Chuangye Wang [email protected]
Ph.D. Candidate, College of Civil Engineering, Changsha Univ. of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share