Summary and Conclusion

An infrastructure resilience framework for assessment, management and governance, holding the axiom that all building and lifeline infrastructure systems provide services to customers and users, was presented to provide a structure for researching, evaluating, creating, and managing resilient infrastructure systems which may be impacted by any hazard. Having a theoretical basis that infrastructure resilience is realized through the flow and provision of services to users, the framework for the first time brings forward several notable features in a single process intended to advance the scholarship and the practice in this area. It shows how infrastructure resilience cannot be assessed independent of community resilience. Infrastructure resilience also includes the ability of the systems and other organizations to collaboratively plan for and deliver alternative emergency services to provide continuity during the time when the networks are unable to deliver basic services directly to the users.