Research on the Impact of the Built Environment on Curb Parking Violations and Governance Measures: A Case Study of Beijing, China

Existing research has largely ignored the spatial agglomeration effect of curb parking violations and spatial spillover effects in some areas. To address this gap, this study selected 354 electronic toll roads in Beijing, clarified the impact of the built environment on curb parking violations, and proposed some governance measures. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, curb parking violations shows a spatial agglomeration pattern and are positively correlated with some indexes, such as the density of POIs, the proportion of POIs in residential areas, medical institutions, etc. Secondly, the central urban area could use electronic policing and implement the cumulative punishment system to reduce curb parking violations. Thirdly, suburbs area could encourage law enforcement enforcers to maintain parking order by increasing the praise and criticism for them and reducing parking fees appropriately to reduce curb parking violations.