Long Term Cyclic Axial Loading System for Shallow Anchors
Publication: IFCEE 2021
ABSTRACT
The response of offshore structures to cyclic wind and wave loading is likely to govern critical design elements and ultimately the cost of installation and the structure lifespan. This is especially true for offshore wind and tidal turbines, where the magnitude of cyclic load is in greater proportion to their relatively light weight. A variety of novel foundation types have been proposed for renewable energy developments, but few experimental studies have been conducted examining their response under long term cyclic loading. A system was developed and used to apply hundreds of thousands of load cycles to intermediate-scale model foundations. System details are described for a helical pile application, and consideration is given to typical challenges encountered in long term cyclic axial loading, such as selecting hardware, managing simultaneous instrument measurement and control tasks, monitoring measurement accuracy, managing large data sets, and protecting equipment during unsupervised testing.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.
REFERENCES
Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (2003). “Foundations for offshore wind turbines.” Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society: Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Volume 361, pp 2909–2930.
Cerato, A. B., and Victor, R. (2008). “Effects of helical anchor geometry on long-term performance for small wind tower foundations subject to dynamic loads.” Journal Deep Foundations Institute, 2 (1): 30–41.
Lesny, K., and Hinz, P. (2009). “Design of monopile foundations for offshore wind energy converters.” In Contemporary Topics in Deep Foundations, 512–519.
Liu, H. Y., Abell, J. A., Diambra, A., and Pisano, F. (2019). “Modelling the cyclic ratcheting of sands through memory-enhanced bounding surface plasticity.” Géotechnique, 69 (9): 783–800.
Newgard, J. T., Schneider, J. A., and Thompson, D. J. (2015). “Cyclic response of shallow helical anchors in a medium dense sand.” Proc. Of Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III, Oslo, Norway, 913–918.
Newgard, J. T., McCartney, J. S., Schneider, J. A., and Thompson, D. J. (2019). “Static and cyclic axial loading of single and multiplate helical anchors in sand.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Screw Piles for Energy Applications, Dundee, Scotland, 27-28 May 2019. IHS BRE Press, 2019.
Nikitas, G., Vimalan, N. J., and Bhattacharya, S. (2016). “An innovative cyclic loading device to study long term performance of offshore wind turbines.” Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, 82: 154–160.
Yu, L., Zhou, Q., and Liu, J. (2015). “Experimental study on the stability of plate anchors in clay under cyclic loading.” Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, 5 (2015) 93–96.
Zhu, B., Byrne, B. W., and Houlsby, G. T. (2013). “Long term lateral cyclic response of suction caisson foundations in sand.” ASCE Journal Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139 (1): 73–83.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 6, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.