World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020
Infrastructure Development in Closed River Basin: Impact Assessment Analysis on Lower Indus Basin
Publication: World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020: Emerging and Innovative Technologies and International Perspectives
ABSTRACT
Lower Indus Basin provides water supply to 80% of irrigated agriculture in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. After the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan in 1960, massive infrastructure, as “Indus Basin Replacement Works” were constructed to divert the waters of River Indus and Kabul River to Jhelum-Chenab and eastern rivers. The waters of Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab Rivers were distributed within the four provinces of Pakistan through a water apportionment accord in 1991. The Indus Waters Treaty and Water Apportionment Accord do not provide exclusive share of water for Indus Delta to maintain its ecological integrity. Current flows reaching delta are below the environmental flow requirement thus causing degradation of Indus Delta. Moreover, sediment supply to delta has decreased due to river storage and control structures upstream and it is below the level needed to maintain the delta with respect to local mean sea level. Water availability, demand, and apportionment data was collected and analyzed to better understand water balance and environmental flows in the basin. This work builds on previous work done with flow data from 1920 to 2003 and presented in the report of “Technical Committee on Water Resources 2005”. Flow, storage, and apportionment data at multiple locations throughout the Indus Basin was analyzed for 1998 to 2018. Results indicate that the water resources in Indus Basin are already over-committed, thus causing water scarcity and frequent water crisis. Results show a need for better management of both sediments and environmental flows. Results also indicate mistrust among different provinces regarding water apportionment. Based on water balance and shortage of environmental flows it is recommended that the basin shall be declared as the “Closed Basin”. The collaborative relationship between the provinces is something that is required more than water strategy. Strategies can always fall in place when the stakeholders repose unconditional trust in each other.
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Published In
World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020: Emerging and Innovative Technologies and International Perspectives
Pages: 51 - 63
Editors: Sajjad Ahmad, Ph.D., and Regan Murray, Ph.D.
ISBN (Online): 978-0-7844-8294-0
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© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 14, 2020
Published in print: May 14, 2020
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