Chapter
May 6, 2013
Chapter 9

Stream Restoration

Publication: Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice
First page of PDF

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this chapter.

References

Ackers, P., and Charlton, F. G. (1970). “Meander geometry arising for varying flows.” Journal of Hydrology, 11(3), 230–252.
Allen, P. M., Arnold, J. G., and Byars, B. W. (1994). “Downstream channel geometry for use in planning-level models.” Water Resources Bulletin, 30(4), 663–670.
Andrews, E. D. (1980). “Effective and bankfull discharges of streams in the Yampa River basin, Colorado and Wyoming.” Journal of Hydrology, 46, 311–330.
Andrews, E. D., and Nankervis, J. M. (1995). “Effective discharge and the design of channel maintenance flows for gravel-bed rivers.” Natural and Anthropogenic Influences in Fluvial Geomorphology, Costa J. E., Millar A. J., Potter K. W., and Wilcock P. R., eds., Geophysical Monograph 89, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 151–164.
ASCE Task Committee on Guidelines for Retirement of Dams and Hydroelectric Facilities of the Hydropower Committee of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers. (1997). Guidelines for retirement of dams and hydroelectric facilities. ASCE, Reston, Va.
ASCE Task Committee on Sediment Transport and Aquatic Habitat. (1992). “Sediment and aquatic habitat in river systems.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 118(5), 669–687.
Baker, V. R., Kochel, R. C., and Patton, P. C., eds. (1988). Flood geomorphology, Wiley, New York.
Barkdoll, B. D., Ettema, R., and Odgaard, A. J. (1999). “Sediment control at lateral diversions: Limits and enhancements to vane use.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(8), 862–870.
Bathurst, J. C. (1997). “Chapter 4: Environmental river flow hydraulics.” Applied fluvial geomorphology for river engineering and management, Thorne C. R., Hey R. D., and Newson M. D., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 69–93.
Bell, M. C. (1986). “Fisheries handbook of engineering requirements and biological criteria.” Rep., U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
Bella, D. A., Klingeman, P. C., and Li, H. W. (1996). “River meander zones and floodplain reconnection.” Proceedings of the 1996 North American Water and Environment Congress (CD-ROM), Bathala C., ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Bennett, S. J., and Simon, A., eds. (2004). Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphology. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
Biedenharn, D. S., Copeland, R. R., Thorne, C. R., Soar, P. J., Hey, R. D., and Watson, C. C. (2000). “Effective discharge calculation: A practical guide.” ERDC/CHL TR-00-15, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Miss.
Biedenharn, D. S., Elliot, C. M., Watson, C. C., Maynord, S. T., Leech, J., and Allen, H. H. (1998). Streambank stabilization handbook, Version 1.0 (CD-ROM), Veri-Tech, Inc., Vicksburg, Miss.
Biedenharn, D. S., and Thorne, C. R. (1994). “Magnitude-frequency analysis of sediment transport in the Lower Mississippi River.” Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 9, 237–251.
Biedenharn, D. S., Thorne, C. R., Soar, P. J., Hey, R. D., and Watson, C. C. (2001). “Effective discharge calculation guide.” International Journal of Sediment Research, 16(4), 445–459.
Boyd, K. F., Doyle, M., and Rotar, M. (1999). “Estimation of dominant discharge in an unstable channel environment.” Proceedings of the 1999 Water Resources Engineering Conference (CD-ROM), Bathala C. T., ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Brice, J. C. (1982). “Stream channel stability assessment.” Rep. FHWA/RC-821021, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Brookes, A. (1990). “Restoration and enhancement of engineered river channels, some European experiences.” Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 5(1), 45–56.
Brookes, A., and Shields, F. D., Jr., eds. (1996). River channel restoration. Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
Brownlie, W. R. (1981). “Prediction of flow depth and sediment discharge in open channels.” Rep. No. KH-R-43A, W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
Brownlie, W. R. (1983). “Flow depth in sand bed channels.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 111(4), 625–643.
Buffington, J. M., and Montgomery, D. R. (1997). “A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers.” Water Resources Research, 33(8), 1993–2029.
Bunte, K., and Abt, S. R. (2001). “Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel- and cobblebed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed monitoring.” General Technical Rep. RMRS-GTR-74, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colo.
Chang, H. H. (1980). “Stable alluvial canal design.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 106(HY5), 873–891.
Chang, H. H. (1988). Fluvial processes in river engineering. Wiley, New York.
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Clary, W. P., and Webster, B. F. (1989). “Managing grazing and riparian areas in the intermountain region.” General Technical Rep. INT-263. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah.
Copeland, R. R. (1986). “San Lorenzo River sedimentation study, numerical model investigation.” Technical Rep. HL-86-10, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Copeland, R. R. (1994). “Application of channel stability methods-case studies.” Technical Rep. HL-94-11, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Dade, W. B. (2000). “Grain size, sediment transport and alluvial channel pattern.” Geomorphology, 35, 119–126.
Dade, W. B., and Friend, P. F. (1998). “Grain size, sediment-transport regime and channel slope in alluvial rivers.” Journal of Geology, 106, 661–675.
D’Aoust, S. G., and Millar, R. G. (2000). “Stability of ballasted woody debris habitat structures.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 126(11), 810–817.
Downs, P. W. (1995). “Estimating the probability of river channel adjustment.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 687–705.
Doyle, M. W., Boyd, K. F., and Skidmore, P. B. (1999). “River restoration channel design: Back to the basics of dominant discharge.” Proc., Second International Conference on Natural Channel Systems: Stream Corridors: Adoptive Management and Design, Watershed Science Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ont.
Doyle, M. W., and Harbor, J. M. (2000). “Discussion of ‘Evaluation of Rosgen’s streambank erosion potential assessment in northeast Oklahoma.’” Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(5), 1191–1192.
Doyle, M. W., Rich, C., Harbor, J. M., and Spacie, A. (2000). “Examining effects of urbanization on streams using indicators of geomorphic stability,” Physical Geography 21(2), 155–181.
Doyle, M. W., Stanley, E. H., and Harbor, J. M. (2003). “Channel adjustments following two dam removals in Wisconsin.” Water Resources Research, 39(1), 1011.
Dunne, T., and Leopold, L. B. (1978). Water in environmental planning. Freeman, New York, San Francisco.
Edwards, T. K., and Glysson, G. D. (1988). “Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment.” Open-File Report 86-531, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.
Federal Highway Administration (FHA). (1995). “Stream stability at highway structures.” Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 20, FHWA-IP-90-014, 2nd Ed., Office of Engineering, Bridge Division Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project. (2005). FISP Home Page <http://fisp.wes.army.mil>(Aug. 1, 2005).
Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG). (1998). Stream corridor restoration: Principles, processes and practices. National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Va.
Ferguson, R. T., and Paola, C. (1997). “Bias and precision of percentiles of bulk grain size distributions.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22, 1061–1077.
Fischenich, C. (2001). “Stability thresholds for stream restoration materials.” EMRRP Technical Notes Collection (ERDC TN EMRRP-SR-29), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Miss.
Fortier, S., and Scobey, F. C. (1926). “Permissible canal velocities.” Transactions of the ASCE, 89, 940–984.
French, R. H. (1985). Open-Channel Hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Fullerton, W. T., and Baird, D. C. (1999). “Sedimentation engineering design in river restoration: sediment transport aspects of design.” Proceedings of the 1999 International Water Resources Engineering Conference (CD-ROM), Bathala C. T., ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Gessler, J. (1971). “Chapter 7: Beginning and ceasing of sediment motion.” River mechanics, Shen H. W., ed., Vol. I, H. W. Shen, Fort Collins, Colo.
Gilbert, G. K. (1914). “The transportation of debris by running water.” Professional Paper No. 86, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
Glysson, G. D. (1987). “Sediment-transport curves.” Open-File Report 87-218 , U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
Gore, J. A., and Shields, F. D., Jr. (1995). “Can large rivers be restored? A focus on rehabilitation.” Bioscience, 45(3), 142–152.
Gray, D. H., and Sotir, R. B. (1996). Biotechnical and soil bioengineering slope stabilization: A practical guide for erosion control, Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
Hammer, T. R. (1972). “Stream channel enlargement due to urbanization.” Water Resources Research, 8, 1530–1540.
Hanson, G. J. and Simon, A. (2001). “Erodibility of cohesive streambeds in the loess area of the midwestern USA.” Hydrological Processes, 15(1), 23–38.
Harrelson, C. G., Rawlins, C. L., and Potyondy, J. P. (1994). “Stream channel reference sites: An illustrated guide to field technique.” General technical report RM-245, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colo.
Harris, J. H., Thorncraft, G., Wem, P. (1998). “Evaluation of rock-ramp fishways in Australia.” Fish migration and fish bypasses, Jungwirth M., Schmutz S., and Weiss S., eds., Marston Book Services, Abingdon, U.K., 331–347.
Harvey, M. D., and Watson, C. C. (1986). “Fluvial processes and morphological thresholds in incised channel restoration.” Water Resources Bulletin: American Water Resources Association, 22(3), 359–368.
Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment (HCSEE). (2002). “Dam removal: Science and decision making.” Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment. Washington, D.C.
Hey, R. D. (1975). “Design discharge for natural channels.” Science, technology and environmental management, Hey R. D. and Davies T. D., eds., Saxon House, 73–88.
Hey, R. D. (1979). “Flow resistance in gravel-bed rivers.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 105(HY4), 365–379.
Hey, R. D. (1997). “Channel response and channel forming discharge: Literature review and interpretation.” US Army Contract No. R&D 6871-EN-01, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.
Hey, R. D., and Thorne, C. R. (1986). “Stable channels with mobile gravel beds.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 112(8), 671–689.
Hilderbrand, R. H., Lemly, A. D., Dolloff, C. A., and Harpster, K. L. (1998). “Design considerations for large woody debris placement in stream enhancement projects.” North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 18, 161–167.
Hoitsma, T. R., and Payson, E. M. (1998). “The use of vegetation in bioengineered streambanks: Shear stress resistance of vegetal treatments.” Engineering Approaches to Ecosystem Restoration, Proceedings of the 1998 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference (CD-ROM), Hayes D. F., ed., ASCE, New York.
Hollis, G. E. (1975). “The effect of urbanization on floods of different recurrence interval.” Water Resources Research, 11, 431–435.
Hooke, J. M. (1997). “Chapter 9: Styles of channel change.” Applied fluvial geomorphology for river engineering and management, Thorne C. R., Hey R. D., and Newson M. D., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
Hydrologic Engineering Center. (2005). <http://www.hec.asace.army.mil/>(Aug. 2, 2005).
Jennings, M. E., Thomas, W. O., Jr., and Riggs, H. C. (1994). “Nationwide summary of U.S. geological survey regional regression equations for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites.” 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 94-4002, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
Johnson, P., and Heil, T. (1996). “Uncertainty in estimating bank-full conditions.” Water Resources Bulletin, 32(6), 1283–1291.
Johnson, P. A., and Brown, E. R. (2001). “Incorporating uncertainty in the design of stream channel modifications.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37(5), 1225–1236.
Johnson, P. A., Gleason, G. L., and Hey, R. D. (1999). “Rapid assessment of channel stability in vicinity of road crossing.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(6), 645–651.
Johnson, P. A., and Rinaldi, M. (1998). “Uncertainty in stream channel restoration.” Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Civil Engineering, Ayyub B. M., ed., CRC Press, Boston, 425–437.
Julien, P. Y. (1995). Erosion and sedimentation. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Jungwirth, M., Schmutz, S., and Weiss, S., eds. (1998). Fish migration and fish bypasses. Marston Book Services, Abingdon, U.K.
Klingeman, P. C. (1998). “Conceptualization for long-reach river restoration.” Engineering Approaches to Ecosystem Restoration, Proceedings of the 1998 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference (CD-ROM), Hayes D. F., ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Klingeman, P. C., et al. (1971). “Environmental considerations and the water resources of the Silvies basin.” Report WRRI-6. Oregon State University, Water Resources Research Institute, Corvallis, Ore.
Klingeman, P. C., Bravard, J. P., Guiliani, Y., Olivier, J. M., and Paytou, G. (1998). “Chapter 15: Hydropower reach by-passing and dewatering impacts in gravel-bed rivers.” Gravel-bed rivers in the environment, Klingeman P. C., Beschta R. L., Komar P. D., and Bradley J. B., eds., Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colo.
Klingeman, P. C., Kehe, S. M., and Owusu, Y. A. (1984). “Streambank erosion protection and channel scour manipulation using rockfill dikes and gabions.” Report WRRI-98. Oregon State University, Water Resources Research Institute, Corvallis, Ore.
Kondolf, G. M. (1990). “Hydrologic and channel stability considerations in stream habitat restoration.” In Environmental Restoration: Science and Strategies for Restoring the Earth, Berger, J., ed., Island Press, Covelo, CA, 214–227.
Kondolf, G. M., and Sale, M. J. (1985). “Application of historical channel stability analysis to instream flow studies.” Publication No. 2527, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Proceedings of the Symposium on Small Hydropower and Fisheries, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Md., 184–194.
Kuhnle, R. A., Alonso, C. V., and Shields, F. D. (2002). “Local scour associated with angled spur dikes.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128(12), 1087–1093.
Kuhnle, R. A., Alonso, C. V., and Shields, F. D., Jr. (1999). “Volume of scour holes associated with 90-degree spur dikes.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(9), 972–978.
Kuhnle, R. A., Simon, A., and Bingner, R. L. (2000). “Dominant discharge of the incised channels of Goodwin Creek.” In Proceedings of the 1999 International Water Resources Engineering Conference (CD-ROM), Bathala C. T., ed., ASCE, Reston, Va.
Kuhnle, R. A., Simon, A., and Bingner, R. L. (2000). “Dominant discharge of the incised channels of Goodwin Creek. “In Proceedings of the 1999 Institutional Water Resources Engineering Conference, Walton, R., and Nece, R. E., eds., Environmental and Water Resources Institute, ASCE, Reston, VA, CD-ROM.
Lagasse, P. F., Schall, J. D., and Richardson, E. V. (2001). “Stream stability at highway structures.” Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 20, 3rd Ed., NHI-01-002, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
Lane, E. W. (1955a). “The importance of fluvial morphology in hydraulic engineering.” Proceedings, ASCE, 81(745), 1–17.
Lane, E. W. (1955b). “Design of stable channels.” Transactions, ASCE, 120, 1234–1279.
Langbein, W. B., and Leopold, L. B. (1966). “River meanders theory of minimum variance.” USGS Professional Paper 422-H, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.
Leopold, L. B., and Maddock, T., Jr. (1953). “The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications.” U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 252, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Leopold, L. B., and Wolman, M. G. (1960). “River meanders.” Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 71, 769–794.
Leopold, L. B., Wolman, M. G., and Miller, J. P. (1964). Fluvial processes in geomorphology. Freeman, New York, San Francisco.
Limerinos, J. T. (1970). “Determination of the Manning coefficient from measured bed roughness in natural channels.” U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1989-B, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Mavis, F. T., and Laushey, L. M. (1949). “Formula for velocity at beginning of bed-load movement is reappraised.” Civil Engineering, ASCE, 19(1), 38–39, 72.
Meyer-Peter, E., and Muller, R. (1948). “Formulas for bedload transport.” Proc. Second Meeting of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, IAHR, Stockholm, Sweden, 39–64.
Millar, R. G., and Quick, M. C. (1993). “Effect of bank stability on geometry of gravel rivers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 119(12), 1343–1363.
Miller, D. E., and Skidmore, P. B. (1998). “Application of deformable stream bank concepts to natural channel design.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Water Resources Engineering, Abt S. R., Young P. J., and Watson C. C., eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., 441–446.
Miller, J. R., and Ritter, J. B. (1996). “An examination of the Rosgen classification of natural rivers.” Catena, 27, 295–299.
Montgomery, D. R. (1999). “Process domains and the river continuum.” The Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(2), 397–410.
Moscrip, A. L., and Montgomery, D. R. (1997). “Urbanization, flood frequency, and salmon abundance in Puget Sound lowland streams.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 33, 1289–1297.
National Research Council (NRC) (1992). Restoration of aquatic ecosystems. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Neill, C. R. (1973). Guide to bridge hydraulics. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont.
Newbury, R., and Gaboury, M. (1993). “Exploration and rehabilitation of hydraulic habitats in streams using principles of fluvial behavior.” Freshwater Biology, 29, 195–210.
Nunnally, N. R. (1985). “Application of fluvial relationships to planning and design of channel modifications.” Environmental Management, 9(5), 417–426.
Nunnally, N. R., and Sotir, R. B. (1997). “Criteria for selection and placement of woody vegetation in streambank protection.” Management of Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incision, Stabilization, Rehabilitation, and Restoration, Wang S. Y., Langendoen E., and Shields F. D., Jr., eds., Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Miss., 816–821.
Onishi, Y., Jain, S. C., and Kennedy, J. F. (1976). “Effects of meandering in alluvial streams.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 102(HY7), 899–917.
Paintal, A. S. (1971). “Concept of critical shear stress in loose boundary open channels.” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 1, 90–113.
Parker, G. (1990). “Surface-based bedload transport relation for gravel rivers.” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28(4), 417–436.
Parker, G., and Andres, D. (1976). “Detrimental effects of river channelization.” Proceedings of the Symposium on Inland Waters for Navigation, Flood Control & Water Diversions, ASCE, New York, 1248–1266.
Parker, G., and Klingeman, P. C. (1982). “On why gravel bed streams are paved.” Water Resources Research, 18(5), 1409–1423.
Pemberton, E. L., and Lara, J. M. (1984). “Computing degradation and local scour.” Technical Guideline, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Section, Hydrology Branch, Division of Planning Technical Services, Engineering and Research Center, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.
Pennisi, E. (2004). “The Grand (Canyon) experiment.” Science, 306(5703), 1884–1886.
Pfankuch, D. J. (1978). “Stream reach inventory and channel stability evaluation: A watershed management procedure.” Rep. 797-059/31, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, U.S. Government Printing Office, Region 10.
Pickett, S. T. A., and White, P. S., eds. (1985). The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics, Academic Press, Orlando, Fla.
Pickup, G. (1976). “Adjustment of stream-channel shape to hydrologic regime.” Journal of Hydrology, 30, 365–373.
Reiser, D. W. (1998). “Chapter 10: Sediment in gravel bed rivers: Ecological and biological considerations.” Gravel-bed rivers in the environment, Klingeman P. C., Beschta R. L., Komar P. D., and Bradley J. B., eds., Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colo.
Reiser, D. W., Ramey, M. P., Beek, S., Lambert, T. R., and Geary, R. E. (1989). “Flushing flow recommendations for maintenance of salmonid spawning gravels in a steep, regulated stream.” Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 3(1–4), 267–275.
Rhoads, B. L. (1995). “Stream power: A unifying theme for urban fluvial geomorphology.” Stormwater runoff and receiving systems, Herricks E. E., ed., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fla., 65–75.
Rhoads, B. L., and Herricks, E. E. (1996). “Chapter 12: Naturalization of headwater streams in Illinois: Challenges and possibilities.” River channel restoration, Brookes A. and Shields F. D., Jr., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 331–368.
Rhoads, B. L., and Urban, M. A. (1997). “Human-induced geomorphic change in low-energy agricultural streams: An example from east-central Illinois.” Management of landscapes disturbed by channel incision, stabilization, rehabilitation, and restoration, Wang S. Y., Langendoen E., and Shields F. D., Jr., eds., Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Miss., 968–973.
Rhoads, B. L., Wilson, D., Urban, M., and Herricks, E. E. (1999). “Interactions between scientists and nonscientists in community-based watershed management: Emergence of the concept of stream naturalization.” Environmental Management, 24(3), 297–308.
Richards, K. S. (1978). “Channel geometry in the riffle-pool sequence.” Geografiska Annaler, 60A, 23–27.
Richter, B. D., Baumgartner, J. V., Braun, D. P., and Powell, J. (1996). “A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems.” Conservation Biology, 10(4), 1163–1174.
Richter, B. D., Baumgartner, J. V., Braun, D. P., and Powell, J. (1998). “A spatial assessment of hydrologic alteration within a river network.” Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 14, 329–340.
Ries, K. G., III, and Crouse, M. Y. (2002). “The National Flood Frequency Program, version 3. A computer program for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for ungaged sites.” Water Resources Investigations Report 02-4168, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Rinaldi, M., and Johnson, P. A. (1997). “Characterization of stream meanders for stream restoration.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123(6), 567–570.
Rosgen, D. L. (1994). “A classification of natural rivers.” Catena, 22, 169–199.
Rosgen, D. L. (1996). Applied river morphology. Wildland Hydrology Publications, Pagosa Springs, Colo.
Rubey, W. W. (1933). “Settling velocities of gravel, sand, and silt particles.” American Journal of Science, Fifth Series, 25(148), 325–338.
“SAM Hydraulic Design Package for Channels.” (2005). <http://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/pls/erdcpub/www_welcome.navigation_page?tmp_next_page=18758>(Aug. 2, 2005).
Schmidt, J. C., Webb, R. H., Valdez, R. A., Marzolf, G. R., and Stevens, L. E. (1998). “Science and values in river restoration in the Grand Canyon.” Bioscience, 48(9), 735–747.
Schumm, S. A. (1969). “River metamorphosis.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 95(HY1), 255–274.
Schumm, S. A. (1977). The fluvial system. Wiley, New York.
Schumm, S. A., Harvey, M. D., and Watson, C. C. (1984). Incised channels: Morphology, dynamics and control. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo.
Seal, R. B., Copeland, R. R., and Hall, B. R. (1999). “Sedimentation engineering design in river restoration: The role of sedimentation engineering design.” Proceedings of the 1999 Water Resources Engineering Conference, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Sear, D. A. (1996). “Chapter 6: The sediment system and channel stability.” River channel restoration: Guiding principles for sustainable projects, Brookes A. and Shields F. D., Jr., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 149–199.
Shields, A. (1936). “Anwendung der aenlichkeitsmechanik und der turbulenzforschung auf die geschiebebewegung.” Mitteilungen der Preussischen Versuchsanstalt fur Wasserbau und Schiffbau, Berlin, Germany, by Ott W. P. and van Uchelen J. C., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
Shields, F. D., Jr. (1983). “Design of habitat structures for open channels.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 109(4), 331–344.
Shields, F. D., Jr. (1984). “Environmental guidelines for dike fields.” River Meandering, Proceedings of the conference Rivers ’83, Elliott C. M., ed., ASCE, New York, 430–442.
Shields, F. D., Jr. (1995). “Fate of Lower Mississippi River habitats associated with river training dikes.” Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Systems, 5, 97–108.
Shields, F. D., Jr. (1996). “Chapter 2: Hydraulic and hydrologic stability.” River channel restoration, Brooks A. and Shields F. D., Jr., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 24–74.
Shields, F. D., Jr. (1997). “Reach-average dimensions for channel reconstruction.” Environmental and coastal hydraulics: Protecting the aquatic habitat. Proceedings Theme B, Vol. 1, XXVII Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Wang S. Y. and Carstens T., eds., IAHR, Madrid, Spain, and ASCE, Reston, Va., 388–393.
Shields, F. D., Jr., and Abt, S. R. (1989). “Sediment deposition in cutoff meander bends and implications for effective management.” Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 4, 381–396.
Shields, F. D., Jr., Brookes, A., and Haltiner, J. (1999). “Chapter 14: Geomorphological approaches to incised stream channel restoration in the United States and Europe.” Incised river channels: Processes, forms, engineering and management, Darby S. E. and Simon A., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 371–394.
Shields, F. D., Jr., Cooper, C. M., and Knight, S. S. (1995a). “Experiment in stream restoration.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 121(6), 494–502.
Shields, F. D., Jr., and Gippel, C. J. (1995). “Prediction of effects of woody debris removal on flow resistance.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 121(4), 341–354.
Shields, F. D., Jr., Knight, S. S., and Cooper, C. M. (1995b). “Incised stream physical habitat restoration with stone weirs.” Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 10, 181–198.
Shields, F. D., Jr., Morin, N., and Cooper, C. M. (2004). “Large woody debris structures for sand bed channels.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130(3), 208–217.
Shiono, K., Al-Romaih, J. S., and Knight, D. W. (1999). “Stage-discharge assessment in compound meandering channels.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(1), 66–77.
Simon, A. (1989). “The discharge of sediment in channelized alluvial streams.” Water Resources Bulletin, 25(6), 1177–1188.
Simon, A., and Collison, A. J. C. (2001). “Pore-water pressure effects on the detachment of cohesive streambeds: Seepage forces and matric suction.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26(13), 1421–1442.
Simon, A., Curini, A., Darby, S. E., and Langendoen, E. J. (2000). “Bank and near-bank processes in an incised channel.” Geomorphology, 35, 193–217.
Simon, A., Dickerson, W., and Heins, A. (2004). “Suspended-sediment transport rates at the 1.5-year recurrence interval for ecoregions of the United States: Transport conditions at the bank-full and effective discharge?” Geomorphology, 58, 243–262.
Simon, A., and Downs, P. W. (1995). “An interdisciplinary approach to evaluation of potential instability in alluvial channels.” Geomorphology, 12, 215–232.
Simon, A., Langendoen, E. J., and Thomas, R. E. (2003). “Incorporating bank-toe erosion by hydraulic shear into a bank-stability model: Missouri River, eastern Montana.” Proc., First Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds, October 27–30, Benson, Ariz., Renard K. G., McElroy S. A.,Gburek W. J., Canfield H. E., and Russell R. L., eds., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md., 70–76.
Simon, A., and Thomas, R. E. (2002). “Processes and forms of an unstable alluvial system with resistant, cohesive streambeds.” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27, 699–718.
Simons, D. B., and Senturk, F. (1976). Sediment transport technology. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo.
Smith, C. L., and Klingeman, P. C. (1998). “Institutional structures for river restoration.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Water Resources Engineering, Abt S. R., Young-Pezeshk J., and Watson C. C., eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., 654–659.
Snake River Salmon Recovery Team (SRSRT). (1994). “Snake River Salmon Recovery Team: Final recommendations to the National Marine Fisheries Service.” Summary Report, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Portland, Ore.
Soar, P. J., and Thorne, C. R. (2001). “Channel restoration design for meandering rivers.” ERDC/CHL CR-01-1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Miss.
Society for Ecological Restoration Science & Policy Working Group (SER). (2002). “The SER primer on ecological restoration.” <www.ser.org/Primer.pdf>(July 10, 2002).
Stanley, E. H., Luebke, M. A., Doyle, M. W., and Marshall, D. W. (2002). “Short-term changes in channel form and macro-invertebrate communities following low-head dam removal in the Baraboo River, Wisconsin.” Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 21, 172–187.
Stevens, H. H., and Yang, C. T. (1989). “Summary and use of selected fluvial sediment-discharge formulas.” Water Resources Investigations Report 89-4026, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
Stevens, M. A., Simons, D. B., and Richardson, E. V. (1975). “Nonequilibrium river form.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 101(HY5), 557–566.
“The maximum permissible mean velocity in open channels.” (1936). Gidrotekhnicheskoie Stroitel’stvo (Hydrotechnical construction), 5(May), 5–7.
Thomas, W. A., Copeland, R. R., Raphelt, N. K., and McComas, D. N. (1995). “Hydraulic design package for flood control channel: (SAM) User’s manual.” U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Thompson, D. M. (2002a). “Channel-bed scour with high versus low deflectors.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 128(6), 640–643.
Thompson, D. M. (2002b). “Long-term effect of instream habitat-improvement structures on channel morphology along the Blackledge and Salmon Rivers, Connecticut.” Environmental Management, 29(1), 250–265.
Thorne, C. R. (1997). “Chapter 7: Channel types and morphological classification.” Applied fluvial geomorphology for river engineering and management, Thorne C. R., Hey R. D., and Newson M. D., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 175–222.
Thorne, C. R. (1999). “Chapter 5: Bank processes and channel evolution in the incised rivers of north-central Mississippi.” Incised river channels, Darby S. E. and Simon A., eds., Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 97–122.
Thorne, C. R., Allen, R. G., and Simon, A. (1996a). “Geomorphological river channel reconnaissance for river analysis, engineering and management.” Transactions, Institute of British Geography, 21, 469–483.
Thorne, C. R., Reed, S., and Doornkamp, J. C. (1996b). “A procedure for assessing river bank erosion problems and solutions.” Rep., National Rivers Authority, Almondsbury, U.K.
Thorne, C. R., Soar, P. J., Hey, R. D., and Watson, C. C. (1998). “Dominant discharge calculation: A practical guide.” Rep., submitted to the U.S. Army Research, Development and Standardisation Group–U.K., London, under Contract No. N68171-97-M-5757, Project No. R&D8399-EN-01, Department of Geography, University of Nottingham, U.K.
Townsend, C. R., Scarsbrook, M. R., and Doledec, S. (1997). “The intermediate disturbance hypothesis, refugia, and biodiversity in streams.” Limnology and Oceanography, 42, 938–939.
Trimble, S. W. (1997). “Stream channel erosion and change resulting from riparian forests.” Geology, 25(5), 467–469.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (1991). “Hydraulic design of flood control channels.” EM 1110-2-1601. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (1993). “Coldwater River watershed.” Supplement I to General Design Memorandum No. 54, Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, Demonstration Erosion Control Project, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Miss.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (1994). “Engineering and design—Channel stability assessment for flood control projects.” EM 1110-2-1418. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (1995). “Sedimentation investigation of rivers and reservoirs.” EM-1110-2-4000. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (1977). “Design of open channels.” Technical Release No. 25, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
Van den Berg, J. J. H. (1995). “Prediction of channel pattern of alluvial rivers.” Geomorphology, 121995, 259–279.
Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., and Cushing, C. E. (1980). “The river continuum concept.” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37, 103–137.
Vaselaar, R. T. (1997). “Opening the flood gates: The 1996 Glen Canyon Dam experiment.” Restoration and Management Notes, 15(2), 119–125.
Wharton, G., Arnell, N. W., Gregory, K. J., and Gurnell, A. M. (1989). “River discharge estimated from channel dimensions.” Journal of Hydrology, 106, 365–376.
White, W. R., Bettess, R., and Paris, E. (1982). “Analytical approach to river regime.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 108(HY10), 1179–1193.
Wilcock, P. R. (1998). “Two-fraction model of initial sediment motion in gravel-bed rivers.” Science, 280, 410–412.
Williams, G. P. (1978). “Bankfull discharge of rivers.” Water Resources Research, 14(6), 1141–1480.
Williams, J. E., Wood, C. A., and Dombeck, M. P., eds. (1997). Watershed restoration: Principles and practices. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Md.
Williamson, K. J., et al. (1995a). Gravel disturbance impacts on salmon habitat and stream health. Volume I: Summary report, Oregon State University, Water Resources Research Institute, Corvallis, Ore.
Williamson, K. J., et al. (1995b). Gravel disturbance impacts on salmon habitat and stream health. Volume II: Technical background report. Oregon State University, Water Resources Research Institute, Corvallis, Ore.
Wolman, M. G. (1954). “A method of sampling coarse river bed material.” Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 35(6), 951–956.
Wolman, M. G., and Miller, J. P. (1960). “Magnitude and frequency of forces in geomorphic processes.” Journal of Geology, 68, 54–74.
Wu, F. C., and Chou, Y. J. (2003). “Simulation of gravel-sand bed response to flushing flows using a two-fraction entrainment approach: Model development and flume experiment.” Water Resources Research, 39(8) 1211.
Yang, C. T. (1973). “Incipient motion and sediment transport.” Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 99(HY10), 1679–1704.
Yevjevich, V. (1972). Probability and statistics in hydrology. Water Resources Publications, Fort Collins, Colo.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Sedimentation Engineering
Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice
Pages: 461 - 503

History

Published online: May 6, 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

ASCE Technical Topics:

Authors

Affiliations

F. Douglas Shields Jr.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Chapter
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$252.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Chapter
$35.00
Add to cart
Buy E-book
$252.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share