The Formation and Effect of Wave Induced Notches on the Failure of Coastal Slopes

Wave action on coastal slopes is the primary factor responsible for their erosion and failure. Ocean water levels are rising. Ocean water levels have an important effect on the intensity of wave induced erosion. At high ocean water levels, waves break at the toe of the slopes. The energy from the waves causes the erosion of the slopes and a notch develops as a result. This study describes the formation of notches in coastal slopes located in the USA, England and Mexico, and analyzes the effect of the notches on their failure. A notch in a coastal slope acts as a stress concentrator. If a slope with a notch fails, the failure starts at the notch where the stresses are the highest. Thus, a notch dictates the way a coastal slope fails. An explanation for the notch-induced slope failures is presented using the principles of Fracture Mechanics theory.