Space Habitat Design Considerations Related to Different Gravity Environment

Reduced and artificially induced gravity levels relative to the Earth's have major influences upon human operations, health and safety that must be carefully considered throughout all habitat planning and design processes. These considerations include influences upon astronaut/cosmonaut mobility, task performance, bone and muscle deterioration, fluid loss, psychological and spatial adaptation, and in the case of artificially induced gravity, impacts of Coriolis forces and cross-coupled accelerations. This paper will explore the various facets of spacecraft architecture and human factors design of space facilities for different gravity conditions, most particularly during long-term space flights. Included: (1) Partial gravity (Lunar and Mars); (2) Microgravity (Low Earth Orbit and Phobos/Deimos); and (3) Artificial gravity (centripetally induced). In designing for different gravity environments, architects must address both physical and psychological adaptation and operational problems for humans who exist beyond their natural environment. Included are complex adjustment problems such as those which will occur during transfers from one level of gravity to another. The main purpose is to create safe, comfortable facilities that optimize health, performance and morale.