Hurricane Response of Nearshore Borrow Pits from Airborne Bathymetric Lidar
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 1
Abstract
Airborne bathymetric lidar surveys taken in Florida before and after the severe 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons show infilling of seventeen dredged nearshore borrow pits. During these seasons, groups of pits captured volumes that were the equivalent of up to four years of net longshore transport, even though only one of the seventeen pits studied was inside the presumed depth of closure. Unsurprisingly, dimensionless infilling increased strongly with the ratio of wave height to pit depth. For open coast pits with large alongshore lengths, cross-shore infilling appeared to dominate over longshore infilling but both processes may be of comparable importance in shorter pits. Infilling of three borrow pits adjacent to ebb shoals was found to be considerably larger than on open coasts. Bathymetric changes in borrow pits occurred at greater depths than on nearby undisturbed profiles. Crude estimates of the long term infilling rates from tropical cyclones indicate that annual infilling volumes may be equivalent to more than one quarter of the expected net longshore transport at some locations. However, the episodic nature of hurricanes means that infilling events will be highly irregular.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Joint Airborne LIDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX), the USACE System-Wide Water Resources Program, the USGS Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies, the NASA EAARL program, and the University of Notre Dame. ABK was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSFCBET 0423877 and the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. ONRN0001406IP20020. Discussions with Bob Dean led to improvements in several sections of this paper.
References
Bender, C. J., and Dean, R. G. (2003). “Wave field modification by bathymetric anomalies and resulting shoreline changes: A review with recent results.” Coastal Eng., 49, 125–153.
Booij, N., Holthuijsen, L. H., and Ris, R. C. (1996). “The SWAN wave model for shallow water.” Proc., 25th Int. Conf. Coastal Engng., Vol. 1, B. L. Edge, ed., ASCE, New York, 668–676.
Cialone, M. A., and Stauble, D. K. (1998). “Historical findings on ebb shoal mining.” J. Coastal Res., 14(2), 537–563.
Coastal Planning and Engineering. (2007). “Borrow area 11 modeling & analysis for potential impacts.” 2006/7 Panama City beach restoration project.
Coastal Technology Corporation. (2002). St. Andrews Bay Entrance downdrift influence assessment.
Combe, A. J., and Soileau, C. W. (1987). “Behavior of man-made beach and dune: Grand Isle, Louisiana.” Coastal sediments ’87, ASCE, New York, 1232–1242.
Dean, R. G., and Dalrymple, R. A. (2002). Coastal processes with engineering applications, World Scientific, Singapore.
Dean, R. G., and O’Brien, M. P. (1987). “Florida’s east coast inlets, shoreline effects, and recommendations for action.” Technical Rep. No. 87-17, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Gomi, P., Sergent, P. and Zhang, B. (2004). “Evolutions morphodynamique des souilles d’extraction marines.” VIIIème Journées Nationale Génie Civil-Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 211–222.
Hallermeier, R. J. (1978). “Uses for a calculated kimit depth to beach erosion.” Proc., 16th Int. Conf. Coastal Eng, ASCE, New York, 1493–1512.
Hilton, M. J., and Hesp, P. (1996). “Determining the limits of beach-nearshore sand systems and the impact of offshore coastal sand mining.” J. Coastal Res., 12(2), 496–519.
Irish, J. L., McClung, J. K., and Lillycrop, W. J. (2000). “Airborne lidar bathymetry: The SHOALS system.” PIANC Bulletin, 103, 45–53.
Jones, C. P. (1980). “Big Hickory Pass, new pass, and Big Carlos Pass—Glossary of inlets 8.” Florida Sea Grant Program Rep. No. 37, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Kennedy, A. B., Slatton, K. C., Hsu, T. -J., Starek, M. J., and Kampa, K. (2008). “Ephemeral sand waves in the hurricane surf zone.” Mar. Geol., 250, 276–280.
Kojima, H., Ijima, T., and Nakamuta, T. (1986). “Impact of offshore dredging on beaches along the Genkai Sea, Japan.” Proc., 20th Int. Conf. Coastal Eng., B. L. Edge, ed., ASCE, New York, 1281–1295.
Neumann, C. J. (1989). “The National Hurricane Center Risk Analysis Program (HURISK).” NOAA Technical Memorandum Rep. No. NWS NHC 38.
Tolman, H. L. (2002). “User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH-III version 2.22.” NOAA/NWS/NCEP/MMAB Technical Note Rep. No. 222.
Uda, T., Chiaki, A., and Chujo, N. (1986). “Beach changes caused by offshore dredging.” Coast. Eng. J., 29, 215–226.
Van Gaalen, J. F. (2004). “Longshore sediment transport from northern Maine to Tampa Bay, Florida: A comparison of longshore field studies to relative potential sediment transport rates derived from wave information study hindcast data.” MS thesis, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
Van Rijn, L. C., Soulsby, R. L., Hoekstra, P., and Davies, A. G. (2005). “Sandpit. Sand transport and morphology of offshore sand mining pits. End document.”
Walstra, D. -J. R., Van Rijn, L. C., Boers, M., and Roelvink, D. (2003). “Offshore sand pits: Verification and application of a hydrodynamics and morphodynamic model.” Proc., Coastal Sediments 2003, R. A. Davis, ed., World Scientific, Singapore.
Walton, T. L. (1976). “Littoral drift estimates along the coastline of Florida.” Florida Sea Grant Program Rep. No. 13, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Wang, Y. H., Howard, W. W., Chang, T. H., and Smutz, M. (1978). “Littoral sand transport near Panama City Beach, Florida.” UFL/COEL Rep. No. 78/011, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Laboratory, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Watts, G. M. (1953). “A study of sand movement at South Lake Worth Inlet, Florida.” Technical Memorandum Rep. No. TM 42, Beach Erosion Board, Vicksburg, Miss.
Wozencraft, J. M., and Lillycrop, W. J. (2003). “SHOALS airborne coastal mapping: Past, present, and future.” J. Coast. Res., 38, 207–215.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Jan 7, 2009
Accepted: May 8, 2009
Published online: May 11, 2009
Published in print: Jan 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.