Abstract
Rapid urbanization and irrational land use seriously threaten ecological security. Quantitative analysis optimization of ecological security patterns (ESPs) could ensure the sustainable development of ecosystems. Identifying of ecological sources’ thresholds and corridors is a difficult task. An integrated framework and analytical method are proposed here based on Geographic Information System (GIS) software, Python language, and a minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model to construct and quantitatively analyze ESPs. The model includes the following functions: (1) the delimitation of ecological patches by assessing regional habitat quality; (2) identification of ecological sources using patch numbers (PNs), proportional area, and a landscape connectivity index; (3) identification of a resistance surface coefficient with a night light index; and (4) extraction of key ecological corridors and nodes using a modified multiprocess and batch processing flow of MCR. Habitat quality was classed at middle and high levels, the minimum area threshold of ecological sources was , and urban areas and highways were the main obstacles to sustainable development. Potential key ecological corridors were extracted. The method can provide technical support for regional infrastructure planning, landscape optimization, and regional development.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by the Special Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Land and Resources Public Welfare Industry in China (20141106-5): Research on Ecological Landscape Design Technology of Land Comprehensive Consolidation. The anonymous reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged.
References
Adriaensen, F., J. P. Chardon, G. De Blust, E. Swinnen, S. Villalba, H. Gulinck, and E. Matthysen. 2003. “The application of ‘least-cost’ modelling as a functional landscape model.” Landscape Urban Plann. 64 (4): 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00242-6.
Amaral, S., A. Monteiro, G. Camara, and J. Quintanilha. 2006. “DMSP/OLS night-time light imagery for urban population estimates in the Brazilian Amazon.” Int. J. Remote Sens. 27 (5): 855–870. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160500181861.
Baral, H., R. J. Keenan, S. K. Sharma, N. E. Stork, and S. Kasel. 2014. “Spatial assessment and mapping of biodiversity and conservation priorities in a heavily modified and fragmented production landscape in north-central Victoria, Australia.” Ecol. Indic. 36 (1): 552–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.09.022.
Beiler, M. R. O., and B. Philips. 2016. “Prioritizing pedestrian corridors using walkability performance metrics and decision analysis.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 142 (1): 04015009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000290.
Beiler, M. R. O., and C. Treat. 2015. “Integrating GIS and AHP to prioritize transportation infrastructure using sustainability metrics.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 21 (3): 04014053. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000245.
Blaikie, P. 2008. “Epilogue: Towards a future for political ecology that works.” Geoforum 39 (2): 765–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.07.004.
Bloom, D. E., D. Canning, and G. Fink. 2008. “Urbanization and the wealth of nations.” Science 319 (5864): 772–775. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1153057.
Breuste, J. H., and M. Artmann. 2014. “Allotment gardens contribute to urban ecosystem service: Case study Salzburg, Austria.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 141 (3): A5014005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000264.
Bureau of Statistics of Anhui Province. 2017. Anhui Statistical Yearbook 1999–2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
Cano-Orellana, A., and M. Delgado-Cabeza. 2015. “Local ecological footprint using principal component analysis: A case study of localities in Andalusia (Spain).” Ecol. Indic. 57: 573–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.014.
China Meteorological Data Service Center. 2010. “Temperature and rainfall data.” Accessed April 26, 2019. https://data.cma.cn/.
Conefur Inputs. 2016. “Conefor Inputs for GIS.” Accessed April 9, 2016. https://www.jennessent.com/arcgis/conefor_inputs.html.
Ebrahimzadeh, S., M. Motagh, V. Mahboub, and F. M. Harijani. 2018. “An improved RUSLE/SDR model for the evaluation of soil erosion.” Environ. Earth Sci. 77 (12): 454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7635-8.
Franco, D., D. Franco, I. Mannino, and G. Zanetto. 2003. “The impact of agroforestry networks on scenic beauty estimation: The role of a landscape ecological network on a socio-cultural process.” Landscape Urban Plann. 62 (3): 119–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00127-5.
Gao, Y., C. R. Zhang, Q. S. He, and Y. L. Liu. 2017. “Urban ecological security simulation and prediction using an improved cellular automata (CA) approach—A case study for the city of Wuhan in China.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14 (6): 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060643.
Geospatial Data Cloud. 2009. “Topography data: Digital elevation model and slope.” Accessed December 14, 2018. https://www.gscloud.cn.
Gerrard, R., P. Stine, R. Church, and M. Gilpin. 2001. “Habitat evaluation using GIS: A case study applied to the San Joaquin Kit Fox.” Landscape Urban Plann. 52 (4): 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00119-5.
Ghosh, T., S. Anderson, R. L. Powell, P. Sutton, and C. Elvidge. 2009. “Estimation of Mexico’s informal economy and remittances using nighttime imagery.” Remote Sens. 1 (3): 418–444. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1030418.
Gong, J. Z., Y. S. Liu, B. C. Xia, and G. W. Zhao. 2009. “Urban ecological security assessment and forecasting, based on a cellular automata model: A case study of Guangzhou, China.” Ecol. Modell. 220 (24): 3612–3620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.018.
Heenkenda, K. M., and R. Bartolo. 2016. “Regional ecological risk assessment using a relative risk model: A case study of the Darwin Harbour, Darwin, Australia.” Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 22 (2): 401–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1078225.
Hersperger, A., M. Gennaio, P. H. Verburg, and M. Bürgi. 2010. “Linking land change with driving forces and actors: Four conceptual models.” Ecol. Soc. 15 (4): 306–315. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03562-150401.
Imhoff, M., W. Lawrence, D. Stutzer, and C. Elvidge. 1997. “A technique for using composite DMSP/OLS ‘city lights’ satellite data to map urban area.” Remote Sens. Environ. 61 (3): 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00046-1.
Keeley, A. T., P. Beier, B. W. Keeley, and M. E. Fagan. 2017. “Habitat suitability is a poor proxy for landscape connectivity during dispersal and mating movements.” Landscape Urban Plann. 161: 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.01.007.
Kong, F. H., H. W. Yin, N. Nakagoshi, and Y. G. Zong. 2010. “Urban green space network development for biodiversity conservation: Identification based on graph theory and gravity modeling.” Landscape Urban Plann. 95 (1): 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.11.001.
Langemeyer, J., E. Gómez-Baggethun, D. Haase, S. Scheuer, and T. Elmqvist. 2016. “Bridging the gap between ecosystem service assessments and land-use planning through multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).” Environ. Sci. Policy 62: 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.02.013.
Leh, M. D. K., M. D. Matlock, E. C. Cummings, and L. L. Nalley. 2013. “Quantifying and mapping multiple ecosystem services change in West Africa.” Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 165 (1751): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.12.001.
Li, X. S., B. F. Wu, H. Wang, and J. Zhang. 2011. “Regional soil erosion risk assessment in Hai Basin.” J. Remote Sens. 15 (2): 372–387. https://doi.org/1007-4619 (2011) 02-372-16.
Li, Y., and S. L. Huang. 2015. “Landscape ecological risk responses to land use change in the Luanhe River Basin, China.” Sustainability 7 (12): 16631–16652. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71215835.
Li, Y. F., Y. L. Shi, S. Qureshi, A. Bruns, and X. D. Zhu. 2014. “Applying the concept of spatial resilience to socio-ecological systems in the urban wetland interface.” Ecol. Indic. 42 (7): 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.09.032.
Li, Z. X., and L. Y. Xu. 2010. “Evaluation indicators for urban ecological security based on ecological network analysis.” Procedia Environ. Sci. 2 (6): 1393–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.151.
Liu, J. G., et al. 2015. “Systems integration for global sustainability.” Science 347 (6225): 1258832. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258832.
Loro, M., E. Ortega, R. M. Arce, and D. Geneletti. 2015. “Ecological connectivity analysis to reduce the barrier effect of roads: An innovative graph-theory approach to define wildlife corridors with multiple paths and without bottlenecks.” Landscape Urban Plann. 139: 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.03.006.
LP DAAC (Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center). 2019. “Earth science data.” Accessed April 29, 2019. https://lpdaac.usgs.gov.
Ma, Q., C. Y. He, J. C. Wu, Z. F. Liu, and Q. F. Zhang. 2014. “Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urban impervious surfaces in China: An improved assessment using nighttime light data.” Landscape Urban Plann. 130: 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.06.009.
Mathey, J., S. Rossler, J. Banse, I. Lehmann, and A. Brauer. 2015. “Brownfields as an element of green infrastructure for implementing ecosystem services into urban areas.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 141 (3): A4015001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000275.
MRT (Modis Reprojection Tool). 2009. “Reproject and reformat moderate resolution imaging.” Accessed February 24, 2009. https://lpdaac.usgsgov/tools/modis_reprojection_tool.
Mücher, C. A., S. M. Hennekens, R. G. Bunce, J. H. Schaminée, and M. E. Schaepman. 2009. “Modelling the spatial distribution of Natura 2000 habitats across Europe.” Landscape Urban Plann. 92 (2): 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.04.003.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2017. China Statistical Yearbook 1999–2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2010. “Geographical information monitoring cloud platform.” Accessed December 10, 2017. https://www.dsac.cn/.
Peng, J., Y. J. Pan, Y. X. Liu, H. J. Zhao, and Y. L. Wang. 2018. “Linking ecological degradation risk to identify ecological security patterns in a rapidly urbanizing landscape.” Habitat Int. 71: 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.11.010.
Peng, J., H. Shen, W. H. Wu, Y. X. Liu, and Y. L. Wang. 2016. “Net primary productivity (NPP) dynamics and associated urbanization driving forces in metropolitan areas: A case study in Beijing City, China.” Landscape Ecol. 31 (5): 1077–1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0319-9.
Raza, S. M. H., and S. A. Mahmood. 2018. “Estimation of Net Rice Production through Improved CASA Model by Addition of soil suitability.” Sustainability 10 (6): 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061788.
Saura, S., and J. Torné. 2012. “Conefor 2.6 user manual (May 2012).” Accessed December 16, 2017. https://www.conefor.org/coneforsensinode.html.
Scheller, R. M., and D. J. Mladenoff. 2007. “An ecological classification of forest landscape simulation models: Tools and strategies for understanding broad-scale forested ecosystems.” Landscape Ecol. 22 (4): 491–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9048-4.
Schmidt, J. P., R. Moore, and M. Alber. 2013. “Integrating ecosystem services and local government finances into land use planning: A case study from coastal Georgia.” Landscape Urban Plann. 122: 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.11.008.
Sharp, R., et al. 2015. InVEST 3.2.0 user‘s guide. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ.
Solovjova, N. V. 1999. “Synthesis of ecosystemic and ecoscreening modelling in solving problems of ecological safety.” Ecol. Modell. 124 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00122-2.
Su, Y. X., X. Z. Chen, J. S. Liao, H. G. Zhang, C. J. Wang, Y. Y. Ye, and Y. Wang. 2016. “Modeling the optimal ecological security pattern for guiding the urban constructed land expansions.” Urban For. Urban Greening 19: 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.06.013.
Tan, M., X. Li, H. Xie, and C. Lu. 2005. “Urban land expansion and arable land loss in China—A case study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.” Land Use Policy 22 (3): 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.03.003.
Teng, M. J., C. G. Wu, Z. X. Zhou, E. Lorda, and Z. M. Zheng. 2011. “Multipurpose greenway planning for changing cities: A framework integrating priorities and a least-cost path model.” Landscape Urban Plann. 103 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.05.007.
Townsend, A. C., and D. A. Bruce. 2010. “The use of night-time lights satellite imagery as a measure of Australia’s regional electricity consumption and population distribution.” Int. J. Remote Sens. 31 (16): 4459–4480. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160903261005.
United Nations Development Programme. 2013. China national human development report 2013. Beijing: China Translation and Publishing Corporation.
Wang, Q. S., X. L. Yuan, J. Zhang, R. M. Mu, H. C. Yang, and C. Y. Ma. 2013. “Key evaluation framework for the impacts of urbanization on air environment: A case study.” Ecol. Indic. 24: 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.004.
Wang, Y., Q. Ding, and D. F. Zhang. 2015. “An eco-city evaluation method based on spatial analysis technology: A case study of Jiangsu Province, China.” Ecol. Indic. 58 (58): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.032.
Wu, H., and X. L. Zhang. 2017. “Dynamic response relationship between urbanization and cultivated land use intensification in Anhui province.” Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 33 (12): 262–269. https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.12.034.
Wu, J. G., W. N. Xiang, and J. Z. Zhao. 2014. “Urban ecology in China: Historical developments and future directions.” Landscape Urban Plann. 125: 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.02.010.
Xu, J., and J. Kang. 2017. “Comparison of ecological risk among different urban patterns based on system dynamics modeling of urban development.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 143 (2): 04016034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000365.
Yin, H. W., F. H. Kong, Y. M. Hu, P. James, F. Xu, and L. J. Yu. 2016. “Assessing growth scenarios for their landscape ecological security impact, using the SLEUTH urban growth model.” J. Urban Plann. Develop. 142 (2): 05015006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000297.
Yu, K. J. 1996. “Security patterns and surface model in landscape ecological planning.” Landscape Urban Plann. 36 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(96)00331-3.
Yu, Q., D. P. Yue, J. P. Wang, Q. B. Zhang, Y. T. Li, Y. Yu, J. X. Chen, and N. Li. 2017. “The optimization of urban ecological infrastructure network based on the changes of county landscape pattern: A typical case study of ecological fragile zone located at Deng Kou (Inner Mongolia).” J. Cleaner Prod. 163: S54–S67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.014.
Yu, Q., D. P. Yue, Y. H. Wang, K. Su, M. Z. Fang, H. Ma, Q. B. Zhang, and Y. Huang. 2018. “Optimization of ecological node layout and stability analysis of ecological network in desert oasis: A typical case study of ecological fragile zone located at Deng Kou County (Inner Mongolia).” Ecol. Indic. 84: 304–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.002.
Zarandian, A., H. Baral, N. E. Stork, M. A. Ling, A. R. Yavari, H. R. Jafari, and H. Amirnejad. 2017. “Modeling of ecosystem services informs spatial planning in lands adjacent to the Sarvelat and Javaherdasht protected area in northern Iran.” Land Use Policy 61: 487–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.12.003.
Zhao, S., L. Da, Z. Tang, H. Fang, K. Song, and J. Fang. 2006. “Ecological consequences of rapid urban expansion: Shanghai, China.” Front. Ecol. Environ. 4 (7): 341–346. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0341:ECORUE]2.0.CO;2.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 5, 2018
Accepted: Dec 10, 2018
Published online: Jun 25, 2019
Published in print: Sep 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Nov 25, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.