Technical Papers
Nov 30, 2022

Effects of EPS, Mn–Zn Ferrite, and Layers on the Electromagnetic Absorption Performance of Magnesium Phosphate Cement

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 2

Abstract

In view of the excellent bonding capacity, rapid hardening, and high early strength, magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) functionalized with impedance matching agent of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and absorber of Mn–Zn ferrite that exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance (EWAP) is fabricated to shield the construction of buildings against the ever-increasing electromagnetic radiation hazards. Influences of EPS and Mn–Zn ferrite contents and layers of specimens on the reflection loss (RL) of MPC in the frequency range of 118  GHz are systematically investigated. Test results demonstrate that EPS and Mn–Zn ferrite significantly enhance the EWAP of MPC due to the porous structure effect by EPS and multiple magnetic loss effects by Mn–Zn ferrite. MPC with double-layer structure shows an optimal EWAP as featured by a peak RL value of 23.2  dB and a bandwidth of 17 GHz below 10  dB. The electromagnetic energy absorbing mechanisms of MPC are further analyzed with scanning electron microscopy/energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. In view of structural strengths, the modified MPC is able to repair damaged concrete of prefractured specimens, which ensures the reliability and rapidity of electromagnetic radiation protection.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51908182), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei (No. E2020202043), the Graduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province (No. CXZZBS2021024), and the National Key Laboratory Foundation of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact (No. 6142902200304).

References

Aminul, M., and B. Chen. 2019. “Research progresses on magnesium phosphate cement: A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 211 (Jun): 885–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.304.
Brodsky, L., R. Habash, W. Leiss, D. Krewski, and M. Repacholi. 2003. “Health risks of electromagnetic fields. Part III: Risk analysis.” Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 31 (4): 333–354. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v31.i4.20.
Choi, J., and H. Jung. 2015. “A new triple-layered composite for high-performance broadband microwave absorption.” Compos. Struct. 122 (Apr): 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.020.
Christ, A., M. Douglas, J. Nadakuduti, and N. Kuster. 2013. “Assessing human exposure to electromagnetic fields from wireless power transmission systems.” Proc. IEEE 101 (6): 1482–1493. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2013.2245851.
Dai, Y., M. Sun, C. Liu, and Z. Li. 2010. “Electromagnetic wave absorbing characteristics of carbon black cement-based composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 32 (7): 508–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.03.009.
Ding, Z., D. Li, Y. Wang, S. Hong, and B. Dong. 2020. “Water distribution characteristics and research with capillary absorption for magnesium phosphate cement-coated cement pastes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 265 (Dec): 120319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120319.
Gong, K., Z. Pan, A. Korayem, L. Qiu, D. Li, F. Collins, and W. Duan. 2015. “Reinforcing effects of graphene oxide on portland cement paste.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27 (2): A4014010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001125.
Guan, H., S. Liu, Y. Duan, and C. Ji. 2006. “Cement based electromagnetic shielding and absorbing building materials.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 28 (5): 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.12.004.
Guan, H., S. Liu, Y. Duan, and Y. Zhao. 2007. “Investigation of the electromagnetic characteristics of cement based composites filled with EPS.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 29 (1): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.08.001.
He, Y., Y. Cui, L. Lv, F. Wang, and S. Hu. 2018a. “Microwave absorbing mortar using magnetic hollow fly ash microspheres/Fe3O4 composite as absorbent.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (6): 04018112. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002298.
He, Y., G. Li, H. Li, and L. Lv. 2018b. “Ceramsite containing iron oxide and its use as functional aggregate in microwave absorbing cement-based materials.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. Mater. Sci. Ed. 33 (1): 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-018-1797-9.
He, Y., L. Lv, K. Sun, F. Wang, and S. Hu. 2018c. “Electromagnetic wave absorbing cement-based composite using nano-Fe3O4 magnetic fluid as absorber.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 92 (Sep): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.05.004.
Hou, C., T. Li, T. Zhao, W. Zhang, and Y. Cheng. 2012. “Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of carbon nanotubes doped rare metal/pure carbon nanotubes double-layer polymer composites.” Mater. Des. 33 (Jan): 413–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.042.
Huang, L., Y. Duan, X. Dai, Y. Zeng, and W. Zhang. 2019. “Bioinspired metamaterials: Multibands electromagnetic wave adaptability and hydrophobic characteristics.” Small 15 (40): 1902730. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201902730.
Huang, L., Y. Duan, J. Liu, Y. Zeng, and W. Zhang. 2020. “Bioinspired gyrotropic metamaterials with multifarious wave adaptability and multifunctionality.” Adv. Opt. Mater. 8 (12): 2000012. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202000012.
Iqbal, A., F. Shahzad, K. Hantanasirisakul, M. Kim, J. Kwon, J. Hong, H. Kim, D. Kim, Y. Gogotsi, and C. Koo. 2020. “Anomalous absorption of electromagnetic waves by 2D transition metal carbonitride Ti3CNTx (MXene).” Science 369 (6502): 446–450. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba7977.
Jiang, W., H. Ma, L. Yan, J. Wang, and S. Qu. 2019. “A microwave absorption/transmission integrated sandwich structure based on composite corrugation channel: Design, fabrication and experiment.” Compos. Struct. 229 (Dec): 111425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111425.
Kimura, K., and O. Hashimoto. 2004. “Three-layer wave absorber using common building material for wireless LAN.” Electron. Lett. 40 (21): 1323. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20046426.
Kumar, A., A. Shishkin, T. Koppel, and N. Gupta. 2018. “A review of porous lightweight composite materials for electromagnetic interference shielding.” Composites, Part B 149 (Sep): 188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.05.027.
Li, B., Y. Duan, Y. Zhang, and S. Liu. 2011. “Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of cement-based composites filled with porous materials.” Mater. Des. 32 (5): 2570–2582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.039.
Li, J., Y. Xie, W. Lu, and T. Chou. 2018. “Flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing composite based on 3D rGO-CNT-Fe3O4 ternary films.” Carbon 129 (Apr): 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.094.
Li, W., T. Wu, W. Wang, P. Zhai, and J. Guan. 2014. “Broadband patterned magnetic microwave absorber.” J. Appl. Phys. 116 (4): 044110. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4891475.
Li, Y., and B. Chen. 2013. “Factors that affect the properties of magnesium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (Oct): 977–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.103.
Li, Y., X. Liu, and J. Li. 2016a. “Bond properties of FRP-concrete interface with nano-modified epoxy resin under wet-dry cycles.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 21 (4): 1379–1385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0921-7.
Li, Y., X. Liu, and J. Li. 2017a. “Experimental study of retrofitted cracked concrete with FRP and nanomodified epoxy resin.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (5): 04016275. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001810.
Li, Y., X. Liu, and Z. Wang. 2019. “Experimental study on reinforcement and chloride extraction of concrete column with MPC-CFRP composite anode.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 23 (4): 1766–1775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-1595-8.
Li, Y., X. Liu, M. Wu, and W. Bai. 2017b. “Research of electrochemical chloride extraction and reinforcement of concrete column using MPC-bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic sheet & mesh.” Constr. Build. Mater. 153 (Oct): 436–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.131.
Li, Y., T. Shi, and J. Li. 2016b. “Effects of fly ash and quartz sand on water-resistance and salt-resistance of magnesium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 105 (Feb): 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.154.
Liu, F., Z. Li, Y. Ding, and Y. Tian. 2017a. “Influence of wastewater sludge pyrolysis char as dopants on the microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of iron deficient Mn-Zn ferrite (Zn0.75Mn0.75Fe1.5O4) based on microwave induced sintering method.” J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 126 (Jul): 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.06.007.
Liu, S., J. Liu, and X. Dong. 2007. Electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing materials. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press.
Liu, Y., Z. Qin, and B. Chen. 2020. “Experimental research on magnesium phosphate cements modified by red mud.” Constr. Build. Mater. 231 (Jan): 117131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117131.
Liu, Z., H. Ge, J. Wu, and J. Chen. 2017b. “Enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding of carbon fiber/cement composites by adding ferroferric oxide nanoparticles.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151 (Oct): 575–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.017.
Lu, Z., D. Hou, H. Ma, T. Fan, and Z. Li. 2016. “Effects of graphene oxide on the properties and microstructures of the magnesium potassium phosphate cement paste.” Constr. Build. Mater. 119 (Aug): 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.060.
Lv, L., Y. He, B. Ping, F. Wang, and S. Hu. 2017. “TiO2 containing electromagnetic wave absorbing aggregate and its application in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 134 (Mar): 602–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.153.
Lv, X., Y. Duan, and G. Chen. 2018. “Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of cement-based composites filled with graphene nano-platelets and hollow glass microspheres.” Constr. Build. Mater. 162 (Feb): 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.047.
Ma, C., and B. Chen. 2017. “Experimental study on the preparation and properties of a novel foamed concrete based on magnesium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 137 (Aug): 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.092.
Ma, G., J. Sun, L. Wang, F. Aslani, and M. Liu. 2018. “Electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of cementitious composite for 3D printing containing waste copper solids.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 94 (Nov): 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.09.005.
Ma, G., Y. Zhang, and X. Liu. 2020. “Electromagnetic wave absorption performance of magnesium phosphate cement functionalized by nano-Fe3O4 magnetic fluid and hollow glass microspheres.” Constr. Build. Mater. 265 (Dec): 120771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120771.
Pan, Z., L. He, L. Qiu, A. Korayem, G. Li, J. Zhu, and W. Duan. 2015. “Mechanical properties and microstructure of a graphene oxide–cement composite.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 58 (Apr): 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.02.001.
Qin, J., J. Qian, C. You, Y. Fan, Z. Li, and H. Wang. 2018. “Bond behavior and interfacial micro-characteristics of magnesium phosphate cement onto old concrete substrate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 167 (Apr): 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.018.
Shi, C., J. Yang, N. Yang, and Y. Chang. 2014. “Effect of waterglass on water stability of potassium magnesium phosphate cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 53 (Oct): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.03.012.
Van Loock, W. 2008. “Problems of human exposure in electromagnetic fields and radiation.” In Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on Electromagnetic Interference & Compatibility, 399–403. New York: IEEE.
Wang, B., Z. Guo, Y. Han, and T. Zhang. 2013. “Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/cement composites.” Constr. Build. Mater. 46 (Sep): 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.006.
Wang, D., P. Yang, P. Hou, L. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhou, N. Xie, S. Huang, and X. Cheng. 2017. “Cement-based composites endowed with novel functions through controlling interface microstructure from Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 80 (Jul): 268–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.03.017.
Wang, W., C. Zang, and Q. Jiao. 2014. “Synthesis, structure and electromagnetic properties of Mn-Zn ferrite by sol-gel combustion technique.” J. Mag. Magn. Mater. 349 (Jan): 116–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.08.057.
Wang, Z., T. Zhang, and L. Zhou. 2016. “Investigation on electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of copper slag-filled cement mortar.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 74 (Nov): 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.10.003.
Xiong, H., J. Hong, C. Luo, and L. Zhong. 2013. “An ultrathin and broadband metamaterial absorber using multi-layer structures.” J. Appl. Phys. 114 (6): 064109. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4818318.
Xu, X., X. Lin, X. Pan, T. Ji, Y. Liang, and H. Zhang. 2020. “Influence of silica fume on the setting time and mechanical properties of a new magnesium phosphate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 235 (Feb): 117544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117544.
Zhang, C., Y. Peng, Y. Song, J. Li, F. Yin, and Y. Yuan. 2020. “Periodic three-dimensional nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon spheres embedded with Co/Co3O4 nanoparticles toward microwave absorption.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 (21): 24102–24111. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c03105.
Zhang, X., and W. Sun. 2009. “Investigation on microwave absorbing properties of double-layer cementitious composites.” Adv. Mat. Res. 79–82 (Aug): 1843–1846. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.79-82.1843.
Zhang, X., and W. Sun. 2010. “Microwave absorbing properties of double-layer cementitious composites containing Mn–Zn ferrite.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 32 (9): 726–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.07.013.
Zhao, H., K. Jiang, R. Yang, Y. Tang, and J. Liu. 2020. “Experimental and theoretical analysis on coupled effect of hydration, temperature and humidity in early-age cement-based materials.” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 146 (Jan): 118784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118784.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35Issue 2February 2023

History

Received: Feb 25, 2022
Accepted: May 23, 2022
Published online: Nov 30, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Apr 30, 2023

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Assistant Professor, School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei Univ. of Technology, 5340 Xiping Rd., Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-8286. Email: [email protected]
Zhuang Wang [email protected]
Master’s Student, School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei Univ. of Technology, 5340 Xiping Rd., Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China. Email: [email protected]
Master’s Student, School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei Univ. of Technology, 5340 Xiping Rd., Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China. Email: [email protected]
Doctoral Student, School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei Univ. of Technology, 5340 Xiping Rd., Beichen District, Tianjin 300401, China. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share