Technical Papers
Jun 11, 2018

Experimental Investigation on Corrosion Effect on Mechanical Properties of Buried Cast Iron Pipes

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 8

Abstract

A review of published literature on the corrosion of metal pipes reveals that current research on corrosion of full-size pipe sections in real soil conditions is highly limited, with almost no research reported on the corrosion effect on degradation of mechanical properties, and fracture toughness in particular, of cast iron pipes buried in real soil. This paper presents a new testing methodology for investigating the corrosion of cast iron pipes in real soil and evaluating its effect on the degradation of both fracture toughness and modulus of rupture in various environments represented by different pH values of soil. Microstructure analyses of pipe specimens before and after corrosion were also conducted to identify possible causes for degradation of mechanical properties, and specimens were compared with exhumed pipes. Both fracture toughness and rupture modulus of pipe specimens decreased with corrosion, and localized corrosion and formation of the graphitized zone in cast iron pipes were the primary causes for degradation of their mechanical properties. The results presented in the paper contribute to the body of knowledge of corrosion in realistic soil and its effect on the mechanical properties of buried pipes.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

Financial support from Australian Research Council under DP140101547, LP150100413, and DP170102211 is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Andrade, C., and C. Alonso. 1996. “Corrosion rate monitoring in the laboratory and on-site.” Constr. Build. Mater. 10 (5): 315–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00044-5.
ASTM. 2004. Calculation of corrosion rates and related information from electrochemical measurements. ASTM G102. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2006. Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system). ASTM D2487. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2011. Standard practice for preparing, cleaning, and evaluating corrosion test specimens. ASTM G1-03. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness KIC of metallic materials. ASTM E399/E1820. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2000. Test sieves: Technical requirements and testing—Test sieves of metal wire cloth. BS 410-1:2000. London, UK: BSI.
Cole, I. S., and D. Marney. 2012. “The science of pipe corrosion: A review of the literature on the corrosion of ferrous metals in soils.” Corros. Sci. 56: 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.12.001.
Conlin, R. M., and T. J. Baker. 1991. Application of fracture mechanics to the failure behaviour of buried cast iron mains. Wokingham, UK: Transport and Road Research Laboratory.
De la Fuente, D., J. Alcántara, B. Chico, I. Díaz, J. A. Jiménez, and M. Morcillo. 2016. “Characterisation of rust surfaces formed on mild steel exposed to marine atmospheres using XRD and SEM/Micro-Raman techniques.” Corros. Sci. 110: 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2016.04.034.
Doyle, G., M. V. Seica, and M. W. Grabinsky. 2003. “The role of soil in the external corrosion of cast iron water mains in Toronto, Canada.” Can. Geotech. J. 40 (2): 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-106.
Fitzgerald, J. H. 1968. “Corrosion as a primary cause of cast-iron main breaks.” J. Am. Water Works Assn. 60 (8): 882–897. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1968.tb03621.x.
Goodman, N., T. Muster, P. Davis, S. Gould, T. Harvey, and D. Marney. 2013. “Accelerated test based on EIS to predict buried steel pipe corrosion.” In Proc., Corrosion and Prevention 2013. Melbourne, Australia: Australasian Corrosion Association.
Gupta, S. K., and B. K. Gupta. 1979. “The critical soil moisture content in the underground corrosion of mild steel.” Corros. Sci. 19 (3): 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(79)90015-5.
Hou, Y., D. Lei, S. Li, W. Yang, and C.-Q. Li. 2016. “Experimental investigation on corrosion effect on mechanical properties of buried metal pipes.” Int. J. Corros. 2016: 5808372. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5808372.
Kreysa, G., and M. Schütze. 2008. DECHEMA corrosion handbook. 2nd rev. ed. and extended ed. Frankfurt: Dechema.
Li, C. Q., and S. T. Yang. 2012. “Stress intensity factors for high aspect ratio semi-elliptical internal surface cracks in pipes.” Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip. 96–97: 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2012.05.005.
Liu, T. M., Y. H. Wu, S. X. Luo, and C. Sun. 2010. “Effect of soil compositions on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbon steel in simulated soil solution.” Materialwiss. Werkstofftech. 41 (4): 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201000578.
Makar, J. M., R. Desnoyers, and S. E. McDonald. 2001. “Failure modes and mechanisms in gray cast iron pipe.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Underground Infrastructure Research, 303–312. Amsterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Marcus P. 2011. Corrosion mechanisms in theory and practice. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Millard, S. G., D. Law, J. H. Bungey, and J. Cairns. 2001. “Environmental influences on linear polarisation corrosion rate measurement in reinforced concrete.” NDT and E Int. 34 (6): 409–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(01)00008-1.
Mohebbi, H., and C. Q. Li. 2011. “Experimental investigation on corrosion of cast iron pipes.” Int. J. Corros. 2011: 506501. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/506501.
Moore, T. J., and C. T. Hallmark. 1987. “Soil properties influencing corrosion of steel in Texas soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51 (5): 1250–1256. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050029x.
Moser, A. P., and S. L. Folkman. 2001. Buried pipe design, 57. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Murray, J. N., and P. J. Moran. 1989. “Influence of moisture on corrosion of pipeline steel in soils using in situ impedance spectroscopy.” Corrosion. 45 (1): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3577885.
Nesic, S., J. Postlethwaite, and S. Olsen. 1996. “An electrochemical model for prediction of corrosion of mild steel in aqueous carbon dioxide solutions.” Corrosion 52 (4): 280–294. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3293640.
Norin, M., and T.-G. Vinka. 2003. “Corrosion of carbon steel in filling material in an urban environment.” Mater. Corros. 54 (9): 641–651. https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.200303680.
Petersen, R. B., M. Dafter, and R. E. Melchers. 2013. “Modelling the lone-term corrosion of cast iron pipes.” In Proc., Corrosion and Prevention Conf. Kerrimuir, Australia: Australasian Corrosion Association, Inc.
Petersen, R. B., and R. E. Melchers. 2012. Vol. 23 of Long-term corrosion of cast iron cement lined pipes, 1–10. Callaghan, NSW, Australia: Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability, Univ. of Newcastle.
Pritchard, O., S. H. Hallett, and T. S. Farewell. 2013. “Soil corrosivity in the UK–Impacts on Critical Infrastructure.” In Infrastructure transitions research consortium working paper series, 1–55. Cranfield, UK: Cranfield Univ.
Rajani, B. 2000. Investigation of grey cast iron water mains to develop a methodology for estimating service life. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association.
Romanoff, M. 1957. Underground corrosion. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards.
Romanoff, M. 1964. “Exterior corrosion of cast-iron pipe.” J. Am. Water Works Assn. 56 (9): 1129–1143. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1964.tb01314.x.
Rossum, J. R. 1969. “Prediction of pitting rates in ferrous metals from soil parameters.” J. Am. Water Works Assn. 61 (6): 305–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1969.tb03761.x.
Royse, K. R., A. M. Tye, K. A. Linley, and H. J. Napier. 2009. The development of an underground asset management tool in BGS. Nottingham, UK: British Geological Survey.
Saheb, M., D. Neff, L. Bellot-Gurlet, and P. Dillmann. 2011. “Raman study of a deuterated iron hydroxycarbonate to assess long-term corrosion mechanisms in anoxic soils.” J. Raman Spectrosc. 42 (5): 1100–1108. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2828.
Sancy, M., Y. Gourbeyre, E. M. M. Sutter, and B. Tribollet. 2010. “Mechanism of corrosion of cast iron covered by aged corrosion products: Application of electrochemical impedance spectrometry.” Corros. Sci. 52 (4): 1222–1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.12.026.
Schwerdtfeger, W. J. 1953. “Laboratory measurement of the corrosion of ferrous metals in soils.” J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. 50 (6): 329–336.
Seica, M. V., and J. A. Packer. 2004. “Mechanical properties and strength of aged cast iron water pipes.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 16 (1): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:1(69).
Wang, W., A. Zhou, G. Fu, C.-Q. Li, D. Robert, and M. Mahmoodian. 2017. “Evaluation of stress intensity factor for cast iron pipes with sharp corrosion pits.” Eng. Fail. Anal. 81: 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.06.026.
Wu, Y. H., T. M. Liu, S. X. Luo, and C. Sun. 2010. “Corrosion characteristics of Q235 steel in simulated Yingtan soil solutions.” Materialwiss. Werkstofftech. 41 (3): 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201000559.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30Issue 8August 2018

History

Received: Oct 4, 2017
Accepted: Feb 21, 2018
Published online: Jun 11, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Nov 11, 2018

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Weigang Wang
Ph.D. Student, School of Engineering, RMIT Univ., Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
Chun-Qing Li [email protected]
Professor, School of Engineering, RMIT Univ., Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Dilan Robert
Senior Lecturer, School of Engineering, RMIT Univ., Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
Annan Zhou
Senior Lecturer School of Engineering, RMIT Univ., Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share