Characterization of a Recycling Agent for Restoring Aged Bitumen
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 8
Abstract
High reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content mixes are likely to be susceptible to pavement distress such as fatigue cracking and raveling because of aged bitumen. In this study, the potential of recycling agents to restore hardened binders to desired properties was evaluated. Aged bitumen extracted from field cores was blended with different concentrations of a rejuvenating agent. The rheological properties of the asphalt samples were tested using a Brookfield viscometer and a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Furthermore, in order to better understand the recycling effect, the chemical properties of the binders were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). A correlation was found between percentages of large molecules obtained from GPC and the viscoelastic properties of bitumen blends. The aging characteristics were determined by measuring functional group changes in carbonyl and sulfoxide peak areas by FTIR. Both rheological and chemical analyses are needed to characterize the effects of a recycling agent on bitumen blends.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are very grateful for support from the Taiwan Directorate General of Highways to make the completion of this work possible.
References
AASHTO. 2012. Standard method of test for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AASHTO T315. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2013. Standard method of test for viscosity determination of asphalt binder using rotational viscometer. AASHTO T316. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Al-Abdul Wahhab, H. I., I. M. Asi, F. M. Ali, and I. A. Al-Dubabi. 1999. “Prediction of asphalt rheological properties using HP-GPC.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 11 (1): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1999)11:1(6).
Asphalt Institute. 2014. Asphalt mix design methods. 7th ed. Lexington, KY: Asphalt Institute.
ASTM. 2012a. Standard practice for classifying hot-mix recycling agents. ASTM D4552. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2012b. Standard practice for recovery of asphalt from solution using the rotary evaporator. ASTM D5404. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bennert, T., and R. Dongre. 2010. “Backcalculation method to determine effective asphalt binder properties of recycled asphalt pavement mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2179: 75–84. https://doi.org/10.3141/2179-09.
Bowers, B. F., B. Huang, X. Shu, and B. C. Miller. 2014. “Investigation of reclaimed asphalt pavement blending efficiency through GPC and FTIR.” Constr. Build. Mater. 50: 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.003.
Chesner, W. H., R. J. Collins, and M. H. MacKay. 1998. User guidelines for waste and by-product materials in pavement construction. FHWA-RD-97-148. McLean, VA: Federal Highway Administration.
Copeland, A. 2011. Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: State of the practice. FHWA-HRT-11-021. McLean, VA: Federal Highway Administration.
Jennings, P. W. 1980. High pressure liquid chromatography as a method of measuring asphalt composition. FHWA-MT-7930. McLean, VA: Federal Highway Administration.
Karlsson, R., and U. Isacsson. 2006. “Material-related aspects of asphalt recycling-state-of-the-art.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 18 (1): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:1(81).
Lamontagne, J., P. Dumas, V. Mouillet, and J. Kister. 2001. “Comparison by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of different aging techniques: Application to road bitumens.” Fuel 80 (4): 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00121-6.
Mogawer, W. S., T. Bennert, J. S. Daniel, R. Bonaquist, A. Austerman, and A. Booshehrian. 2012. “Performance characteristics of plant produced high RAP mixtures.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 13 (S1): 183–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2012.657070.
NCAT (National Center for Asphalt Technology). 2014. “NCAT researchers explore multiple uses of rejuvenators.” Asphalt Technol. News 26 (1): 7–8.
Noureldin, A. S. 1995. Oxidation of asphalt binders and its effect on molecular size distribution and consistency. ASTM STP1241. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Peterson, G. D., R. R. Davison, G. J. Glover, and J. A. Bullin. 1994. “Effect of composition on asphalt recycling agent performance.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1436: 38–46.
Read, J., and D. Whiteoak. 2003. The shell bitumen handbook. 5th ed. London, UK: Thomas Telford.
Shen, J., S. Amirkhanian, and J. A. Miller. 2007. “Effects of rejuvenating agents on Superpave mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 19 (5): 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:5(376).
Stroup-Gardiner, M. 2016. Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement and recycled asphalt shingles in asphalt mixtures. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Tran, N. H., A. Taylor, and R. Willis. 2012. Effect of recycling agent on performance properties of HMA mixtures with high RAP and RAS contents. NCAT12-05. Auburn, AL: National Center for Asphalt Technology.
UN (United Nations). 1987. “Our common future.” Accessed November 18, 2015. http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm#III.5.
West, R., J. R. Willis, and M. Marasteanu. 2013. Improved mix design, evaluation, and materials management practices for hot mix asphalt with high reclaimed asphalt pavement content. Washington, DC: National Center for Asphalt Technology.
Yapp, M. T., A. Z. Durrani, and F. N. Finn. 1991. HP-GPC and asphalt characterization literature review. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
Zaumanis, M., and R. B. Mallick. 2015. “Review of very high-content reclaimed asphalt use in plant-produced pavements: State of the art.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 16 (1): 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2014.893331.
Zaumanis, M., R. B. Mallick, and R. Frank. 2013. “Evaluation of rejuvenator’s effectiveness with conventional mix testing for 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2370: 17–25. https://doi.org/10.3141/2370-03.
Zhao, S., B. F. Bowers, B. Huang, and X. Shu. 2014. “Characterizing rheological properties of binder and blending efficiency of asphalt paving mixtures containing RAS through GPC.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 26 (5): 941–946. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000896.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 17, 2016
Accepted: Feb 20, 2018
Published online: May 26, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 26, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.