Technical Papers
Sep 29, 2015

Effect of Cement on Treatment of a Clay Soil Contaminated with Glycerol

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 4

Abstract

An investigation into the behavior of a contaminated clay soil and its treatment was carried out through a program of experimental tests. The contaminated soil samples were prepared with different percentages (3, 6, and 9%) of a glycerol solution with 40% concentration. The samples were prepared as mixtures of clean or glycerol-contaminated soil with different cement contents (3, 6, and 9%). Atterberg limits and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on the samples. The results showed that Atterberg limits are reduced by adding glycerol or cement or adding glycerol to soil-cement. Both the strength and stiffness of the contaminated soil are reduced by increasing the degree of contamination. The results of treated soil showed that adding cement to contaminated soil increases the strength and the amount of increase in strength is dependent on the percent of cement, curing time and degree of contamination. Based on scanning electron microscopy analysis, it was found that the presence of glycerol prevents the interaction between soil and cement.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Al-Rawas, A. A., Hago, A. and Al-Sarmi, H. (2005). “Effect of lime, cement and sarooj (artificial pozzolan) on the swelling potential of an expansive soil from Oman.” Build. Environ., 40(5), 681–687.
ASTM. (1985). “Methods of test for tensile strength of hydraulic cement mortars.” ASTM C190, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007a). “Standard practice for making and curing soil-cement compressive and flexure test specimens in the laboratory.” ASTM D1632, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007b). “Standard test method for compressive strength of moulded soil-cement cylinders.” ASTM D1633, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2008). “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars.” ASTM C109, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2008). “Standard test method for time setting of hydraulic cement by Vicat needle.” ASTM C191, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2010a). “Standard test method for normal consistency of hydraulic cement.” ASTM C187, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2010b). “Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of soil.” ASTM D4318, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bahar, R., Benazzoug, M., and Kenai, S. (2004). “Performance of compacted cement stabilized soil.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 26(7), 811–820.
Bell, F. G. (1993). Engineering treatment of soils, Chapman and Hall, London.
Botta, D., Dotelli, G., Biancardi, R., Pelosato, R. and Sora, N. I. (2004). “Cement-clay pastes for stabilization/solidification of 2-chloroaniline.” Waste Manage., 24(2), 207–216.
Cai, Y., Shi, B., Ng, C. W. W., and Tang, C.-S. (2006). “Effect of polypropylene fiber and lime admixture on engineering properties of clayey soil.” Eng. Geol., 87(3–4), 230–240.
Chen, F. H. (1975). Foundation on expansive soils, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Choquette, M., Bérubé, M. A., and Locat, J. (1987). “Mineralogical and microtextural changes associated with lime stabilization of marine clays from eastern Canada.” Appl. Clay Sci., 2(3), 215–232.
Collins, K., and McGown, A. (1974). “The form and function of microfabric features in a variety of natural soils.” Geotechnique, 24(2), 223–254.
Croft, J. B. (1967). “The influence of soil mineralogical composition on cement stabilization.” Geotechnique, 17(2), 119–135.
Cullinane, J. M., and Jones, L. W. (1989). “Solidification and stabilization of hazardous waste.” Hazard. Mater. Contr., 2(1), 9–19.
den Haan, E. J. (1998). “Cement based stabilizers for Dutch organic soils.” Proc. Int. Conf. on Problematic Soils, Vol. 1, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 53–56.
Edmeades, R. M., and Hewlett, P. C. (1998). “Cement admixtures.” Lea’s chemistry of cement and concrete, P. C. Hewlett, ed., Arnold, London, 837–896.
Estabragh, A. R., Beytolahpour, I., and Javadi, A. A. (2011). “Effect of resin on the strength of soil-cement mixture.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 969–976.
Estabragh, A. R., Namdar, P., and Javadi, A. A. (2012). “Behavior of cement-stabilized clay reinforced with nylon fiber.” Geosynth. Int., 19(1), 85–92.
Gussoni, M., et al. (2004). “H NMR spin-spin relaxation and imaging in porous system: An application to the morphological study of white portland cement during hydration in the presence of organics.” Magn. Reson. Imaging, 22(6), 877–889.
Hassan, H. F., Taha, R., Al Rawas, A., Al Shandoudi, B., Al Gheithi, K., and Al Barami, A. M. (2005). “Potential uses of petroleum-contaminated soil in highway construction.” Constr. Build. Mater., 19(8), 646–652.
Hoikkala, S., Leppänen, M., and Tanska, H. (1997). “Block stabilization of peat in road construction.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ICSMFE), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1693–1696.
Kumar, A., Walia, B. S., and Bajaaj, A. (2007). “Influence of fly ash, lime and polyester fibres on compacted and strength properties of expansive soil.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 242–248.
Meegoda, J. N., Chen, B., Gunasekera, S. D., and Pederson, P. (1998). “Compaction characteristics of contaminated soils: Reuse as a road base material.” Proc., Geocongress: Geotechnical Special Publication No. 79: Recycled Materials in Geotechnical Applications, ASCE, Reston, VA, 195–209.
Meegoda, J. N., and Muller, R. T. (1993). “Petroleum contaminate soils in highway construction.” Proc., Recovery and Effective Reuse of Discarded and By-Products for Construction of Highway Facilities, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway, Administration, VA, 83–95.
Meegoda, N. J., and Ratnaweera, P. (1994). “Compressibility of contaminated fine-grained soils.” Geotech. Test. J., 17(1), 101–112.
Miller, G., and Azad, S. (2000). “Influence of soil type on stabilization with cement kiln duct.” Constr. Build. Mater., 14(2), 89–97.
Moore, C. A., and Mitchell, J. K. (1974). “Electromagnetic forces and soil strength.” Geotechnique, 24(4), 627–640.
Muntohar, A. S., and Hantoro, G. (2000). “Influence of rice husk ash and lime on engineering properties of clayey subgrade.” Electr. J. Geotech. Eng., 5, 1–9.
Ogino, T., Goto, T., Kataoka, K., and Kuroda, M. (1994). “Utilization of stabilized dredged waste for construction material.” Proc., 1st Int. Congress on Environmental Geotechnics (ICEG), Bitech, Richmond, BC, Canada, 49–56.
Parkkinen, E. (1997). “Utilization of industrial by-products to strength soft clayey and organic soils.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ICSMFE), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1701–1704.
Pincus, H. J., Meegoda, N. J., and Ratnaweera, P. (1995). “Treatment of oil contaminated soils for identification and classification.” Geotech. Test. J., 18(1), 41–49.
Pollard, S. J. T., Montggomery, D. M., Sollars, D. M., and Perry, R. (1991). “Organic compounds in the cement-based stabilization/solidification of hazardous mixed wastes: Mechanistic and process considerations.” J. Hazard. Mater., 28(3), 313–327.
Ratnaweera, P., and Meegoda, J. N. (2005). “Shear strength and stress-strain behaviour of contaminated soils.” Geotech. Test. J., 29(2), 1–8.
Sezer, A., Inan, G., Yilmaz, H. R., and Ramyar, K. (2006). “Utilization of a very high lime fly ash for improvement of Izmin clay.” Build. Environ., 41(2), 150–155.
Shen, C. K., and Mitchell, J. K. (1966). “Behaviour of soil-cement in repeated compression and flexure.” Highway Res. Rec., 128, 68–100.
Singh, S. K., Srivastava, R. K., and John, S. (2008). “Settlement characteristics of clayey soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.” Soil Sediment Contam., 17(3), 290–300.
Sridharan, A., and Rao, G. (1979). “Shear strength behaviour of saturated clays and role of the effective stress concept.” Geotechnique, 29(2), 177–193.
Tremblay, H., Duchesne, J., Locat, J., and Leroueil, S. (2002). “Influence of the nature of organic compounds on fire soil stabilization with cement.” Can. Geotech. J., 39(3), 535–546.
Tuncan, A., Tuncan, M., and Koyuncu, H. (2000). “Use of petroleum contaminated drilling wastes as sub-base material for road construction.” Waste Mange. Res., 18(5), 489–505.
Vipulanandan, C. (1995). “Effect of clays and cement on the solidification/ stabilization of phenol-contaminated soils.” Waste Manage, 15(5/6), 399–406.
Wiles, C. (1987). “Review of solidification/stabilization technology.” J. Hazard. Mater., 14(1), 5–21.
Yazdandoust, F., and Yasrobi, S. S. (2010). “Effect of cyclic wetting and drying on swelling behaviour of polymer-stabilized expansive clays.” Appl. Clay Sci., 50(4), 461–468.
Young, J. F. (1972). “A review of the mechanisms of set-retardation in portland cement pastes containing organic admixtures.” Cem. Concr. Res., 2(4), 415–433.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28Issue 4April 2016

History

Received: Oct 7, 2014
Accepted: Aug 5, 2015
Published online: Sep 29, 2015
Discussion open until: Feb 29, 2016
Published in print: Apr 1, 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

A. R. Estabragh [email protected]
Associate Professor, Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, P.O. Box 4411, Karaj, 31587-77871 Tehran, Iran (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, P.O. Box 4411, Karaj, 31587-77871 Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]
A. A. Javadi [email protected]
Professor, Computational Geomechanics Group, Dept. of Engineering, Univ. of Exeter, Devon EX4 4QF, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share