Assessing Rainfall Data Homogeneity and Estimating Missing Records in Mākaha Valley, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 15, Issue 1
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine records from long-term rain gauges in Mākaha Valley for data homogeneity and to compare methods of estimating missing data. Double mass analysis was used to investigate data homogeneity. Results show that tree growth near one gauge has reduced rainfall catch by 21–25% since 1974. Four methods for estimating missing daily rainfall data were then tested using index gauges selected from a network of 21 active rain gauges. The number of index gauges and their order of selection were varied according to proximity and correlation. Selection by correlation significantly improved the performance of the station average and inverse distance methods for most cases, as well as the normal ratio method for the case when only one gauge is used. The normal ratio method produces the lowest error when two to five index gauges are used; the inverse distance method yields the lowest error when six or seven index gauges are used. Direct substitution produces better accuracy than the normal ratio method when using only one index gauge. Problems related to multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and assumptions of data normality preclude the use of multiple linear regression.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The project was supported by two grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture: (1) Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Grant No. UNSPECIFIED2004-34135-15058 and (2) McIntire-Stennis formula Grant No. UNSPECIFIED2006-34135-17690. The writers thank Heather Jeppesen and Pao-Shin Chu for their assistance with locating historical data. Special thanks to Viktor Polyakov, Nghia Dai Tran, and Domingos Maria for their assistance with field instrumentation and digitizing historical data. Finally, the writers thank the Honolulu Board of Water Supply and members of Mohala I ka Wai for their assistance and cooperation.
References
ASCE. (1996). Hydrology handbook, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
Dean, J. D., and Snyder, W. M. (1977). “Temporally and areally distributed rainfall.” J. Irrig. Drain. Div., 103(IR2), 221–229.
Dingman, S. L. (2002). Physical hydrology, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Dunne, T., and Leopold, L. B. (1978). Water in environmental planning, Freeman, New York.
Giambelluca, T. W., Nullet, M. A., and Schroeder, T. A. (1986). “Rainfall atlas of Hawai‘i.” Rep. No. R76, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, 267.
Hirsch, R. M., Helsel, D. R., Cohn, T. A., and Gilroy, E. J. (1993). “Statistical analysis of hydrologic data.” Handbook of hydrology, D. R. Maidment, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Mair, A., Fares, A., and El-Kadi, A. (2007). “Effects of rainfall and groundwater pumping on streamflow in Mākaha, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i.” J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 43(1), 148–159.
Marquardt, D. W. (1970). “Generalized inverses, ridge regression, biased linear estimation, and nonlinear estimation.” Technometrics, 12, 591–612.
McCuen, R. H. (1989). Hydrologic analysis and design, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Moriasi, D. N., Arnold, J. G., Van Liew, M. W., Bingner, R. L., Harmel, R. D., and Veith, T. L. (2007). “Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations.” Trans. ASABE, 50(3), 885–900.
Oki, D. S. (2004). “Trends in streamflow characteristics at long-term gaging stations, Hawai‘i.” U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Rep. No. 2004-5080, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 120.
Salas, J. D.-J. (1993). “Analysis and modeling of hydrological time series.” Handbook of hydrology, D. R. Maidment, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Simanton, J. R., and Osbon, H. B. (1980). “Reciprocal-distance estimate of point rainfall.” J. Hydr. Div., 106(HY7), 1242–1246.
Teegavarapu, R. S. V., and Chandramouli, V. (2005). “Improved weighting methods, deterministic and stochastic data-driven models for estimation of missing precipitation records.” J. Hydrol., 312, 191–206.
Tung, Y. -K. (1983). “Point rainfall estimation for a mountainous region.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 109(10), 1386–1393.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2010
Pages: 61 - 66
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 13, 2008
Accepted: May 8, 2009
Published online: May 11, 2009
Published in print: Jan 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.