Simulation of Countercurrent Operation of Two-Stage Hybrid PAC-Submerged Membrane System for Trace Organics Removal
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 6
Abstract
A countercurrent two-stage hybrid powdered activated carbon-submerged membrane (PAC-SM) system for atrazine removal was simulated numerically in the present work. The simulation of the system performance at different operating conditions confirms that the adsorption capacity of the powdered activated carbon (PAC) can be further utilized and a stable product water quality can be maintained in the countercurrent two-stage mode as compared with the concurrent single-stage operations. For instance, the utilization of the PAC adsorption capacity was enhanced by 28% in the countercurrent two-stage operation at a flux of , and 21% of enhancement was obtained at a flux of by more frequent PAC replacement. Therefore, the adsorption capacity utilization is also dependent on the membrane filtration flux. Moreover, if the final effluent concentration was controlled at a higher level (e.g., instead of ), a further 5% of the PAC adsorption capacity can be utilized. In addition, reducing the replacement rate (RR) will make the operation similar to a system with continuous PAC dosing (pseudo-steady-state) by presenting nearly constant product water quality. This study sheds some light on the performance of a countercurrent multistage hybrid PAC-SM system for its further applications and system optimization.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Agency of Science, Technology, and Research of Singapore (A*STAR) for funding the Temasek Professor Program in Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water.
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Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 138 • Issue 6 • June 2012
Pages: 625 - 631
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 9, 2009
Accepted: Oct 14, 2011
Published online: Oct 18, 2011
Published in print: Jun 1, 2012
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