Journal of Cold Regions Engineering

Analytical models of local bond stress‐slip relationships are established based on an experimental program of 65 specimens in the temperature range between $-70°C$ and $-10°C$ and at normal temperature $(+20°C)\text{.}$ One can conclude that low temperature has little influence on the relationship between concrete compressive strength, $f_c^{\prime }\text{,}$ and the maximum bond stress, $t_{\max }$ as well as bond behavior, except that an increase in compressive strength is associated with an increase in bond strength. An analytical model for cyclic loading is established by estimating the deterioration of bond resistance and reloading stiffness. The deterioration appears to be closely related to the effective energy dissipated during the loading cycles. This analytical model has been applied to describe the bond stress‐slip relationship of the concrete‐steel interface under monotonic, repeated‐cyclic, and reversed‐cyclic loading conditions. Very good correlations between the numerical predictions and the experimental results were obtained.

The Arctic and cold regions of the United States present many unique and difficult engineering problems that demand a coordinated fundamental research program. As a response to the Arctic Research and Policy Act, the National Science Board commissioned a study (the Colwell Report) that examined the role of the National Science Foundation (NSF) in polar regions. The report's recommendation 14 called for the conduct of basic engineering research in polar regions and suggested it be a specifically targeted research component within the Engineering Directorate of NSF. The report presents the type of fundamental research programs that would aid in the solution of long‐term cold regions engineering problems. Over 40 participants in a 2‐1/2‐day period suggested 14 research programs within four broad groupings—offshore technology; watersheds, rivers, and coastal zones; facilities infrastructure technology; and transportation infrastructure technology.

According to the Clean Air Act of 1970, maximum allowable ambient carbon monoxide (CO) levels are 9 ppm for eight hours and 35 ppm for one hour. The frequent violation of these standards in Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska, has prompted these communities to encourage strategies intended to reduce CO concentrations. To help gauge the relative merits of various strategies, computer models are commonly used to predict both CO emissions and the resultant concentration of CO in the atmosphere. This study has focused on the use of CALINE4 as a line source dispersion model in Alaska. A large amount of applicable meteorological, air quality, and traffic data for Fairbanks has been assimilated as part of this study. This model may be used to approximate peak values and trends over time for CO levels in Fairbanks, but a lack of more detailed data precludes the formulation of quantitative global statements about the predictability of peaks and detailed spatial trends. More detailed emissions and meteorological data are needed. However, the separation of horizontal dispersion from vertical dispersion bodes well for the future application of CALINE4 in Alaska.