CO Modeling in Alaska
Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 4
Abstract
According to the Clean Air Act of 1970, maximum allowable ambient carbon monoxide (CO) levels are 9 ppm for eight hours and 35 ppm for one hour. The frequent violation of these standards in Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska, has prompted these communities to encourage strategies intended to reduce CO concentrations. To help gauge the relative merits of various strategies, computer models are commonly used to predict both CO emissions and the resultant concentration of CO in the atmosphere. This study has focused on the use of CALINE4 as a line source dispersion model in Alaska. A large amount of applicable meteorological, air quality, and traffic data for Fairbanks has been assimilated as part of this study. This model may be used to approximate peak values and trends over time for CO levels in Fairbanks, but a lack of more detailed data precludes the formulation of quantitative global statements about the predictability of peaks and detailed spatial trends. More detailed emissions and meteorological data are needed. However, the separation of horizontal dispersion from vertical dispersion bodes well for the future application of CALINE4 in Alaska.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, A. M. (1988). “Validation of CALINE4 for highway projects in Fairbanks, Alaska,” thesis presented to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, at Fairbanks, Alaska, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
2.
Assessment of Anchorage's reasonable further progress toward attainment of NAAQs for CO for 1986. (1987). By Sierra Research, Inc., for Dept. of Health and Human Services, Air Pollution Control Agency, Anchorage, Alaska, Sacramento, Calif.
3.
Assessment of Fairbanks' reasonable further progress toward attainment of NAAQs for CO for 1986. (1987). By Sierra Research, Inc., for Fairbanks North Star Borough, Sacramento, Calif.
4.
Bellomo, S. J., and Liff, S. D. (1984). Fundamentals of air quality for highway planning and development. Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., 238.
5.
Benson, P. E. (1982). “Modifications to the Gaussian vertical dispersion parameter, near roadways.” Atmos. Envir., 16(6), 1399–1405.
6.
Benson, P. E. (1984). “CALINE4—a dispersion model for predicting air pollution concentrations near roadways.” CALTRANS Report No. FHWA/CA/TL‐84/15, California Dept. of Transp., Sacramento, Calif., 204.
7.
Benson, P. E. (1988). “Development and verification of the California line source dispersion model.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1176, 69–77.
8.
Benson, P. E., and Nokes, W. A. (1985). “Development of worst case meteorology criteria.” CALTRANS Report No. FHWA/CA/TL‐85/14, California Dept. of Transp., Sacramento, Calif., 79.
9.
Benson, P. E., Nokes, W. A., and Cramer, R. L. (1986). “Evaluation of the CALINE4 line source dispersion model for complex terrain application.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1058, 7–13.
10.
Bowling, S. A. (1984). “Meteorological factors responsible for high CO levels in Alaskan cities.” EPA‐600/S3‐84‐096, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Ofc. of Res. and Development, Corvallis, Oreg., Dec., 82.
11.
Bowling, S. A. (1985). “Modifications necessary to use standard dispersion models at high latitudes.” Atmos. Envir., 19(1), 93–97.
12.
Bowling, S. A., and Benson, C. S. (1978). “Study of the subarctic heat island at Fairbanks, Alaska.” EPA‐600/4‐78‐027, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Ofc. of Res. and Development, Triangle Park, N.C., June, 147.
13.
Climatological Data, Alaska. (1974–1986). Nat. Climate Data Center, Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Vols. 60–72. Ashville, N.C.
14.
Coutts, H. J. (1979). “A study of winter air pollutants at Fairbanks, Alaska.” EPA‐600/3‐79‐100, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Ofc. of Res. and Development, Corvallis, Oreg., Sept., 21.
15.
“An evaluation of carbon monoxide emissions models and mobile source dispersion models applicable to Alaskan cities.” (1986). Report No. AK‐RD‐87‐10. By Dames and Moore for Alaska Dept. of Transp. and Public Facilities, Fairbanks, Alaska, 42.
16.
Johnson, R., et al. (1989). “Implementation of CALINE4.” Report No. AK‐RD‐89‐01, Alaska Dept. of Transp. and Public Facilities, Fairbanks, Alaska, 119.
17.
Khazanie, R. (1979). Elementary statistics. Goodyear Publishing Co., Inc., Santa Monica, Calif.
18.
Leonard, L. E. (1977). Carbon monoxide emissions from moving vehicles in Fairbanks, Alaska: Vol. 3. State of Alaska Dept. of Highways, Juneau, Alaska.
19.
Martinez, J. R., et al. (1981). “Methodology for evaluating highway air pollution dispersion models.” Report No. 245, Nat. Cooperative Highway Res. Program, Transp. Res. Board, Nat. Res. Board, Washington, D.C.
20.
Morris, S., Poteet, R., and Schoenberg, S. (1988). Determination of weather‐normalized carbon monoxide trends in Anchorage, Alaska. Anchorage Dept. of Health and Human Services, Anchorage, Alaska, 10.
21.
Rau, J. G., and Wooten, D. C. (1980). Environmental impact analysis handbook. McGraw‐Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., 602.
22.
Schweiss, J. (1983). “Carbon monoxide study, Anchorage, Alaska.” EPA‐910/9‐83‐110, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, Wash., Nov., 56.
23.
Smith, M., and Aldrich, T. (1977). “Development of revised light duty vehicle emissions—average relationships.” EPA‐460/3‐77‐011. U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Ofc. of Mobile Air Pollution Control, Ann Arbor, Mich., Aug. 252.
24.
“User's guide to MOBILE3.” (1984). Report EPA‐4603‐84‐002. U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Mich.
25.
Wark, K., and Warner, C. (1976). Air pollution, its origin and control. IEP, New York, N.Y., 519.
26.
Weller, G. (1982). “Urban climates in Alaska.” Geophysical Inst. Annual Report, 1981/82, Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 3 • Issue 4 • December 1989
Pages: 191 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1989
Published in print: Dec 1989
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.