Performance-Based Wind Design of High-Rise Buildings Using Generated Time-History Wind Loads
Abstract
Introduction
Significance of Research
Case Study Model
Initial Design
Structural system | Building height | Materials | Natural periods | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Concrete | Reinforcing bar (SD500) | |||
Building frame system with ordinary shear walls | 180 m (story height of ) | Strength : 40 MPa | Yield strength : 500 MPa | -dir.: 4.431 s |
Modulus of elasticity : 30,008 MPa | Modulus of elasticity : 200,000 MPa | -dir.: 4.456 s | ||
-dir.: 2.879 s |
Structural members | Size | Effective stiffness |
---|---|---|
Core wall | (Thickness) main perimeter core wall: 900 mm | (1st–6th stories) |
Internal wall: 250 mm | In-plane stiffness: , a, | |
Out-of-plane stiffness: | ||
(7th–45th Stories) | ||
In-plane stiffness: , , | ||
Out-of-plane stiffness: | ||
Coupling beam | () | , , |
Column | (1st–24th stories) | , b, |
(25th–45th stories) | ||
Beam | () | , , |
Slab | (Thickness) 210 mm | In-plane stiffness: rigid diaphragm |
Out-of-plane stiffness: c |
Note: = axial rigidity of gross section; = flexural rigidity of gross section; and = shear rigidity of gross section.
Parameters | Contents |
---|---|
Effective ground acceleration parameter, | |
Site class | (more than 20-m depth to bedrock) |
Response modification factor, | 5 (building frame system) |
Importance factor, | 1.2 |
Load factor | 1.0 |
Damping ratio, | 5% |
Parameters | Contents |
---|---|
Basic wind speed, (100-year MRI) | |
Surface roughness category | B |
Power law exponent of mean wind speed profile, | 0.22 |
Topography factor, | 1.0 |
Importance factor, | 1.0 |
Load factor | 1.3 |
Design wind speed, | |
Damping ratio, | 1.2% [ISO 4354 (ISO 2009)] |
Response modification factor, | 1, 2, 3 |
Inelastic Modeling
Material Models for Fiber Elements
Concentrated Plastic Hinges
Gravity Load
Acceptance Criteria
Generation of Time-History Wind Load
Along-Wind Load
Parameters | Equations |
---|---|
Normalized PSD of along-wind speed | |
Standard deviation of along-wind speed | |
Turbulence intensity | |
Turbulence length |
Note: = PSD of along-wind speed; = frequency; = design wind speed at the reference height of ; = reference building height (m); = power law exponent of mean wind speed profile; and = height of the atmospheric boundary layer from the ground surface (m).
Parameters | Conditions | Equations |
---|---|---|
Windward wall, | — | |
Leeward wall, | ||
Pressure distribution coefficient for vertical profile, | ||
Note: = breadth of building (perpendicular to along-wind direction) (m); = depth of building (perpendicular to across-wind direction) (m); = height from the ground (m); and = height above ground surface starting atmospheric boundary layer (m).
Across- and Torsional-Wind Loads
Parameters | Conditions | Equations |
---|---|---|
Normalized PSD of across-wind overturning moment | — | |
Standard deviation of across-wind overturning moment | — | |
Across-wind fluctuating overturning moment factor | — | |
Number of peaks of across-wind spectrum | — | |
Amplification factor | First peak | |
Second peak | ||
Normalized bandwidth factor | First peak | |
Second peak | ||
Normalized frequency | First peak | |
Second peak |
Note: = PSD of across-wind overturning moment. Application conditions for first and second peaks are and , respectively.
Parameters | Equations |
---|---|
Normalized PSD of torsional-wind moment | |
Standard deviation of torsional-wind moment | |
Torsional-wind fluctuating moment factor | |
Normalized wind speed for torsional wind | |
Amplification factor for torsional vibration spectrum | |
Exponential factor for normalized wind speed |
Note: = larger of and ; = PSD of torsional-wind moment; and , = normalized PSDs of torsional-wind moment when are 4.5 and 6, respectively.
Generation of Time-History Loads for Nonlinear Analysis
Wind Load Combination
Load combination | Along wind | Across wind | Torsional wind |
---|---|---|---|
1 | |||
2 | |||
3 |
Note: , , = along-, across-, and torsional-wind loads, respectively; = gust effect factor for along-wind load; and = wind load combination factor for across- and torsional-wind loads (defined in Table 10).
Directional load maximum instant | Along-wind load/absolute maximum | Across-wind/absolute maximum | Torsional-wind/absolute maximum |
---|---|---|---|
Along wind | 1 | 0.303 | 0.346 |
Across wind | 0.518 | 1 | 0.491 |
Torsional wind | 0.612 | 0.640 | 1 |
Analysis Results
Nonlinear Static Analysis
Design code and analysis model | Overstrength factor (strength at collapse start/yield strength) | Ductility (displacement at collapse start/yield displacement) |
---|---|---|
MOLIT (2016) (building frame system) | 2.5 | 5 ( for tall buildings) |
1.73 | 2.29 | |
2.33 | 4.76 | |
2.63 | 5.83 |
Nonlinear Modal Time-History Analysis
Conclusion
Appendix. Design Results of Main Structural Members
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.23 (0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.23 (0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
40–42 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.34 (14.9%) | 0.17 (16.3%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (14.9%) | 0.14 (30.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
37–39 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.17 (33.3%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.14 (44.3%) | 0.08 (0%) |
34–36 | 0.46 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.17 (33.3%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.14 (44.3%) | 0.08 (0%) |
31–33 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.17 (40.1%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.14 (50.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
28–30 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.20 (29.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.14 (50.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
25–27 | 0.52 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.20 (36.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (46.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
22–24 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.20 (42.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
19–21 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.20 (42.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
16–18 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.20 (42.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
13–15 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.20 (36.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.17 (46.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
10–12 | 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.20 (29.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.17 (40.1%) | 0.08 (0%) |
7–9 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.17 (33.3%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.14 (44.3%) | 0.08 (0%) |
4–6 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.14 (37.4%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.11 (49.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
1–3 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.32 (8.2%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.32 (8.2%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.26 (19.0%) | 0.11 (19.7%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.26 (19.0%) | 0.11 (19.7%) | 0.08 (0%) |
40–42 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.26 (25.7%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
37–39 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.26 (25.7%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
34–36 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.28 (17.2%) | 0.11 (42.7%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.11 (42.7%) | 0.08 (0%) |
31–33 | 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.28 (17.2%) | 0.11 (44.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.26 (25.7%) | 0.11 (44.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
28–30 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.32 (8.2%) | 0.14 (44.3%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.26 (25.7%) | 0.11 (55.3%) | 0.08 (0%) |
25–27 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.32 (8.2%) | 0.17 (46.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.26 (25.7%) | 0.11 (63.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
22–24 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.28 (23.9%) | 0.14 (58.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
19–21 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.28 (23.9%) | 0.14 (58.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
16–18 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.28 (23.9%) | 0.14 (58.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
13–15 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.28 (23.9%) | 0.14 (58.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
10–12 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.32 (8.2%) | 0.17 (41.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.28 (17.2%) | 0.14 (51.2%) | 0.08 (0%) |
7–9 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.28 (17.2%) | 0.14 (50.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.26 (25.7%) | 0.11 (59.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
4–6 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.26 (25.7%) | 0.11 (49.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.11 (49.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
1–3 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.20 (36.8%) | 0.11 (19.7%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.20 (36.8%) | 0.11 (19.7%) | 0.08 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 0.46 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.20 (22.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.20 (22.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
40–42 | 0.43 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.17 (40.1%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.14 (50.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
37–39 | 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.17 (40.1%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (25.9%) | 0.14 (50.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
34–36 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.20 (36.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.14 (54.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
31–33 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.20 (36.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.17 (46.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
28–30 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.20 (42.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
25–27 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
22–24 | 0.55 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (37.9%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (37.9%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
19–21 | 0.55 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (37.9%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (37.9%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
16–18 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.23 (33.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
13–15 | 0.52 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.20 (42.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (34.4%) | 0.17 (50.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
10–12 | 0.49 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.20 (36.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (30.4%) | 0.17 (46.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
7–9 | 0.43 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.17 (40.1%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (20.8%) | 0.14 (50.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
4–6 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.14 (37.4%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.34 (8.0%) | 0.14 (37.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
1–3 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.32 (8.2%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.28 (17.2%) | 0.11 (32.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 1.44 | 0.70 | 0.24 | 1.26 (12.5%) | 0.52 (24.9%) | 0.24 (0%) | 1.16 (19.4%) | 0.52 (24.9%) | 0.24 (0%) |
40–42 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 1.06 (15.9%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
37–39 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 1.06 (15.9%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
34–36 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 1.06 (15.9%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
31–33 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 1.06 (15.9%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
28–30 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.93 (26.5%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
25–27 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.93 (26.5%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
22–24 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.93 (26.5%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
19–21 | 1.26 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.99 (21.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.86 (32.0%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
16–18 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.83 (28.9%) | 0.36 (48.9%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
13–15 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.86 (26.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (33.3%) | 0.78 (32.9%) | 0.36 (48.9%) | 0.08 (33.3%) |
10–12 | 1.06 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.83 (22.2%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.73 (31.0%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
7–9 | 0.93 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.73 (21.1%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.64 (31.2%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
4–6 | 0.78 | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.59 (24.2%) | 0.27 (33.4%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.55 (29.0%) | 0.26 (36.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
1–3 | 0.55 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.46 (16.1%) | 0.23 (20.1%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.43 (21.6%) | 0.23 (20.1%) | 0.08 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 1.35 | 0.70 | 0.24 | 1.16 (14.1%) | 0.52 (24.9%) | 0.24 (0%) | 1.16 (14.1%) | 0.52 (24.9%) | 0.24 (0%) |
40–42 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.99 (14.3%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
37–39 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.99 (14.3%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
34–36 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.99 (14.3%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
31–33 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.99 (14.3%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
28–30 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.86 (26.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
25–27 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.86 (26.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) |
22–24 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.93 (20.2%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.83 (28.9%) | 0.36 (48.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
19–21 | 1.16 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.86 (26.1%) | 0.39 (44.6%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.83 (28.9%) | 0.36 (48.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
16–18 | 1.07 | 0.70 | 0.08 | 0.83 (22.9%) | 0.36 (48.9%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.78 (27.3%) | 0.36 (48.9%) | 0.08 (0%) |
13–15 | 1.06 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.83 (22.2%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.73 (31.0%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
10–12 | 0.99 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.73 (26.5%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.68 (31.2%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
7–9 | 0.86 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.68 (20.2%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.64 (25.7%) | 0.36 (30.8%) | 0.08 (0%) |
4–6 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 0.08 | 0.58 (20.4%) | 0.28 (29.2%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.55 (24.5%) | 0.26 (36.4%) | 0.08 (0%) |
1–3 | 0.55 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.46 (16.1%) | 0.23 (11.0%) | 0.08 (0%) | 0.43 (21.6%) | 0.23 (11.0%) | 0.08 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.55 (22.5%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.55 (22.5%) | 0.09 (0%) |
40–42 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
37–39 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
34–36 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
31–33 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
28–30 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
25–27 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
22–24 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
19–21 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
16–18 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
13–15 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
10–12 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
7–9 | 1.70 | 0.07 | 0.61 (64.1%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (64.1%) | 0.07 (0%) |
4–6 | 2.23 | 0.07 | 1.38 (38.1%) | 0.07 (0%) | 1.03 (53.8%) | 0.07 (0%) |
1–3 | 2.57 | 0.07 | 1.70 (33.9%) | 0.07 (0%) | 1.70 (33.9%) | 0.07 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
40–42 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
37–39 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
34–36 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
31–33 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
28–30 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
25–27 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
22–24 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
19–21 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
16–18 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
13–15 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
10–12 | 1.38 | 0.07 | 0.61 (55.8%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (55.8%) | 0.07 (0%) |
7–9 | 2.23 | 0.07 | 1.03 (53.8%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (72.6%) | 0.07 (0%) |
4–6 | 2.57 | 0.07 | 2.23 (13.2%) | 0.07 (0%) | 1.70 (33.9%) | 0.07 (0%) |
1–3 | 2.57 | 0.07 | 2.57 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 2.23 (13.2%) | 0.07 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.55 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.55 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
40–42 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
37–39 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
34–36 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
31–33 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
28–30 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
25–27 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) | 0.71 (0%) | 0.09 (0%) |
22–24 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
19–21 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
16–18 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
13–15 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) |
10–12 | 1.03 | 0.07 | 0.61 (40.8%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (40.8%) | 0.07 (0%) |
7–9 | 2.23 | 0.07 | 0.61 (72.6%) | 0.07 (0%) | 0.61 (72.6%) | 0.07 (0%) |
4–6 | 2.57 | 0.07 | 1.70 (33.9%) | 0.07 (0%) | 1.38 (46.3%) | 0.07 (0%) |
1–3 | 2.57 | 0.07 | 2.57 (0%) | 0.07 (0%) | 2.23 (13.2%) | 0.07 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 1.02 | 0.44 | 0.56 (45.1%) | 0.11 (75.0%) | 0.43 (57.8%) | 0.08 (81.8%) |
40–42 | 1.11 | 0.44 | 0.61 (45.0%) | 0.11 (75.0%) | 0.46 (58.6%) | 0.08 (81.8%) |
37–39 | 1.22 | 0.66 | 0.67 (45.1%) | 0.28 (57.6%) | 0.51 (58.2%) | 0.16 (75.8%) |
34–36 | 1.39 | 0.66 | 0.76 (45.3%) | 0.28 (57.6%) | 0.56 (59.7%) | 0.16 (75.8%) |
31–33 | 1.54 | 0.66 | 0.82 (46.8%) | 0.29 (56.1%) | 0.62 (59.7%) | 0.19 (71.2%) |
28–30 | 1.69 | 0.88 | 0.90 (46.7%) | 0.44 (50.0%) | 0.67 (60.4%) | 0.28 (68.2%) |
25–27 | 1.78 | 0.88 | 0.98 (44.9%) | 0.44 (50.0%) | 0.73 (59.0%) | 0.28 (68.2%) |
22–24 | 1.99 | 0.88 | 1.02 (48.7%) | 0.44 (50.0%) | 0.77 (61.3%) | 0.28 (68.2%) |
19–21 | 1.99 | 0.88 | 1.02 (48.7%) | 0.44 (50.0%) | 0.82 (58.8%) | 0.29 (67.0%) |
16–18 | 1.99 | 0.88 | 1.02 (48.7%) | 0.44 (50.0%) | 0.82 (58.8%) | 0.29 (67.0%) |
13–15 | 1.99 | 0.88 | 1.02 (48.7%) | 0.44 (50.0%) | 0.82 (58.8%) | 0.29 (67.0%) |
10–12 | 1.78 | 0.88 | 0.94 (47.2%) | 0.44 (50.0%) | 0.77 (56.7%) | 0.28 (68.2%) |
7–9 | 1.54 | 0.66 | 0.82 (46.8%) | 0.29 (56.1%) | 0.70 (54.5%) | 0.28 (57.6%) |
4–6 | 1.17 | 0.66 | 0.61 (47.9%) | 0.16 (75.8%) | 0.53 (54.7%) | 0.16 (75.8%) |
1–3 | 0.64 | 0.28 | 0.36 (43.8%) | 0.08 (71.4%) | 0.36 (43.8%) | 0.08 (71.4%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison to the results of factor of 1.
Story | Reinforcing bar ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43–45 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.16 (0%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (0%) | 0.28 (0%) |
40–42 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.16 (0%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (0%) | 0.28 (0%) |
37–39 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.16 (0%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (0%) | 0.28 (0%) |
34–36 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
31–33 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
28–30 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
25–27 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
22–24 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
19–21 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
16–18 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
13–15 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
10–12 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (42.9%) | 0.28 (0%) |
7–9 | 0.63 | 0.28 | 0.16 (74.6%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (74.6%) | 0.28 (0%) |
4–6 | 1.74 | 0.28 | 0.16 (90.8%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (90.8%) | 0.28 (0%) |
1–3 | 2.50 | 0.28 | 0.28 (88.8%) | 0.28 (0%) | 0.16 (93.6%) | 0.28 (0%) |
Note: Values in parentheses are reduced percentages in comparison with to the results of factor of 1.