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EDITOR’S NOTE
Jul 15, 2009

Editor’s Note

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 8
The annual meeting of the editorial board of the Journal was held on May 2, 2009, in conjunction with the ASCE Structures Congress in Austin, Texas. Several relevant and significant issues related to the review process were discussed, including ongoing efforts to reduce the mean time from submission to publication. The statistics on turnaround times are often skewed by outliers, such as authors who resubmit a revised paper six or more months after the initial review. While time limits on resubmissions were not strictly enforced in the past, the move to the new online submission and review system has enabled both editors and ASCE staff to carefully monitor deadlines. Review times continue to decrease but the rate of submissions continues to grow. Readers are encouraged to contact the editor with comments and suggestions on improving the review process without sacrificing the quality of the published papers.

Members of the Editorial Board

Associate editors (AEs) are the backbone of the Journal. AEs are experts in their field who are carefully screened and selected by the editor in consultation with chairs of ASCE technical committees. The nomination of an individual as AE of the Journal of Structural Engineering (JSE) represents a notable professional achievement and attests to the individual’s standing and recognition in the academic and research community. I would like to utilize some of my editorial space in this and forthcoming issues to introduce our readers to these remarkable individuals who serve in volunteer roles and do a commendable job of carrying out peer reviews and maintaining extremely high standards to make JSE the preeminent journal in the field of structural engineering.
Dr. Emin Aktan (Fig. 1) received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1973 in earthquake-structural engineering. After serving at the Middle East Technical University in Turkey, he joined the University of California at Berkeley as a research engineer. From 1979–1984 he was mentored by Dr. Vitelmo Bertero, Dr. Egor Popov, and Dr. Ray Clough, and managed the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Research Program on RC Buildings. Subsequently he held academic positions at several universities until joining Drexel University in 1997. Dr. Aktan’s research since 1984 has focused on structural identification and health monitoring of operating prototype buildings and bridges. He has strived to integrate analysis and experiment with heuristics, and participated in the structural identification of dozens of operating and decommissioned constructed systems including major long-span suspension bridges. Dr. Aktan served as the founding chair of the ASCE SEI Technical Committees on “Performance-based Structural Engineering” and “Structural Identification of Constructed Systems.”
Fig. 1. Emin Aktan
His passion is reforming civil engineering education by leveraging operating multidomain infrastructure systems as field laboratories for research and education. Dr. Aktan has been funded by NSF, FHwA, EPA, and by various state agencies since he started his career as a faculty member in 1984. He has supported and graduated more than a dozen Ph.D. students, published widely in leading international journals, and consulted for prestigious corporations and university programs.
Dr. Anil K. Agrawal (Fig. 2) is a professor of Civil engineering at the City College of the City University of New York. He received his B.Tech. in civil engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, in 1988, his M.Eng. in civil engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1991, and his Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of California, Irvine, in August 1997, and joined the City College of New York in September 1998. He also worked as a research engineer at the Technical Research Institute of the Mitsui Construction Company in Japan from 1991 to 1993. He has published more than 50 journal papers and more than 100 conference papers. He is currently the member of the executive committee of the U.S. Panel of International Association of Structural Control and Health Monitoring, chair of ASCE Committee on Structural Control, and associate editor of the Journal of Bridge Engineering. His areas of interest include earthquake engineering, structural dynamics, structural control, smart materials and systems, dynamic behavior of structures subject to blasts/explosive loads, structural health monitoring, bridge management systems, and asset management of physical infrastructure.
Fig. 2. Anil Agrawal
Dr. Rakesh Gupta’s (Fig. 3) expertise is in the area of structural wood engineering and wood science. He is currently a professor in the Department of Wood Science and Engineering at Oregon State University. He teaches courses on the mechanical behavior of wood and wood science to students majoring in wood science, and design of wood structures to students majoring in Civil Engineering. The major thrust of his research program is in the area of timber engineering and mechanics. Specifically, in the last few years, his research projects have been in the following areas: (1) mechanical properties/behavior of wood, (2) seismic behavior of wood-frame buildings and components, (3) load paths and system behavior in light-frame wood construction, and (4) tsunami/hurricane surge wave loading on wood frame structures. He is currently co-PI on an NSF-funded project titled “NEESR II: Mitigating the Risk of Coastal Infrastructure through understanding Tsunami-Structure Interaction and Modeling.” He has more than fifty refereed journal publications in the area of wood engineering and mechanics, and has chaired numerous sessions on wood engineering at various national and international conferences. He is an active member of the Committee of Wood of ASCE, and has chaired the Committee on Wood Education in the past. He was also a steering committee member of the “Wood Engineering Challenges in the New Millennium—Critical Research Needs” preconference workshop held at the 2008 Structures Congress in Vancouver, and chaired the session on “Designing Wood Structures for Durability.” He is a member of Forest Products Society, Society of Wood Science and Technology, American Forest and Paper Association, and American Society for Testing and Materials.
Fig. 3. Rakesh Gupta
Dr. Vinay Gupta (Fig. 4) has been a professor at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) since 1999. He joined IITK as assistant professor in 1990. His research is in the fields of earthquake engineering and random vibrations, and he has published on a variety of topics in these fields. His specialties include wavelet-based seismic response of structures, seismic response of secondary systems, wavelet-based simulation of spectrum-compatible accelerograms, performance-based seismic design, peak statistics in seismic response, and strength reduction factors. He is an author of more than 55 papers in refereed journals. Dr. Gupta is a life fellow of the Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, a fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, an affiliate member of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, and a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. He has been editor of ISET’s Journal of Earthquake Technology since 1998, and an associate editor of the Journal of Structural Engineering since 2003. He was vice-president of the Indian Society of Earthquake Technology from 2003 to 2007. He was awarded the Young Engineer Award in 1997 by Indian National Academy of Engineering and Kapitza Medal in 2004 by the U.S. chapter of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
Fig. 4. Vinay Gupta
Dr. Bing Li’s (Fig. 5) background includes both academia and engineering practice. He has an undergraduate degree from Tongji University, Shanghai, China. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, under the supervision of Professor Bob Park. He worked in building design practice for ten years in Shanghai, New Zealand, and Hong Kong before joining the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore in 1999. He is a Chartered Structural Engineer in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Hong Kong.
Fig. 5. Li Bing
Dr. Li teaches undergraduate and graduate classes on structural analysis and design of RC structures. Dr. Li’s research interests encompass the field of seismic and blast performance of reinforced concrete and precast building structures, with a focus on large-scale tests of reinforced-concrete components and structures as well as analytical modeling and the development of design models and guidelines. He participates in seismic- and blast-resistant code developments and implementations of research results in engineering practice. He was awarded the Defense Technology Prize 2006 by the Ministry of Defense in Singapore.
Dr. Elisa Sotelino (Fig. 6) received a B.S. degree in civil engineering and an M.S. in structural engineering from PUC-Rio in Brazil. In 1984 she began her graduate studies at Brown University where she received an M.S. in applied mathematics and a Ph.D. in solid mechanics. Since 1990, Sotelino has been in the faculty of two top-ten land grand universities (1990–2004 at Purdue University, and from 2005 to the present at Virginia Tech). Her research activities in computational mechanics integrate emerging computing technologies, such as high-performance computing, and structural and solid mechanics.
Fig. 6. Elisa Sotelino
Some of her current research projects include, but are not limited to, the behavior of structures under fire loading; multiscale characterization, modeling, and simulation of stone-based infrastructure materials; optimization of bridge structural components made of ultra high performance concrete and long-term bridge performance. During her tenure at Purdue University, she was a key player in a team effort on the creation of a new research area, which consisted of the creation of the SECSDE (Structural Engineering Concurrent Software Development Environment). She is the author or coauthor of over 80 papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings. Fourteen Ph.D. students and several M.S. students have graduated under her supervision or cosupervision. Additionally, Sotelino has been active in service both within the profession as well as within the university setting. She has been AE of the Journal since 2002. Sotelino also chaired the ASCE Technical Committee on Emerging Computing Technology (1999–2003), and has served as a member on both the advisory board and the scientific committee for the European Community on Computational Methods and Applied Sciences Thematic conferences on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2007 and 2009). In addition, she has been invited to give numerous presentations and keynote lectures at international conferences, and has coorganized three NSF-sponsored international workshops.

This Month in JSE

Eleven technical papers and a technical note have been selected from the following themes: safety and reliability, seismic effects, shock and vibratory effects, metal structures, wood structures, and structural optimization.

Safety and Reliability

A 2D spatial time-dependent reliability model is developed by Mullard and Stewart to facilitate “Stochastic Assessment of Timing and Efficiency of Maintenance for Corroding RC Structures.” The analysis includes the effect of inspection interval, maintenance technique, repair efficiency and repair threshold. Based on the analyses of a typical RC bridge deck subjected to a corrosive marine environment, it was found that repair efficiency affecting time to corrosion initiation of repaired concrete is more critical to the performance of the repair than repair efficiency that affected the corrosion rate. In “Serviceability Reliability of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Corroded Reinforcement,” Val and Chernin examine the effect of corrosion on deflections of RC beams and, subsequently, on the probability of serviceability failure due to excessive deflection. A nonlinear finite-element model is used to describe the structural behavior of RC beams with corroding reinforcement. Uncertainties associated with the model and available data are taken into account. Results show that an increase in deflections due to corrosion has a smaller effect on serviceability of RC beams than corrosion-induced cracking.

Seismic Effects

A “New Lateral Force Distribution for Seismic Design of Structures” based on the concept of uniform distribution of deformation is implemented by Hajirasouliha and Moghaddam. The structural properties are modified so that inefficient material is gradually shifted from strong to weak areas of a structure. It is shown that the seismic performance of such a structure is better than those designed conventionally. Based on extensive simulations of shear-building models with various dynamic characteristics, a more adequate load pattern is proposed for seismic design of building structures that is a function of the fundamental period of the structure and the target ductility demand.
Rad and Adebar investigate the seismic behavior of shear walls that are often supported near or below grade by stiff floor diaphragms connected to perimeter foundation walls in “Seismic Design of High-Rise Concrete Walls: Reverse Shear due to Diaphragms below Flexural Hinge.” It is recommended that an upper-bound estimate of bending moment capacity of the high-rise wall combined with an assumed zero base shear force can be used in a simple nonlinear static analysis to estimate the maximum shear force below the flexural plastic hinge. Also, an upper-bound estimate of floor diaphragm stiffness should be used to not underestimate the shear strain demand on high-rise walls. The “Effectiveness of Some Strengthening Options for Masonry-Infilled RC Frames with Open First Story” is evaluated by Kaushik et al. A method is developed for calculating the required increase in strength of the open first-story columns. Code-based methods were found to increase only lateral strength (and not ductility) of the typical frames considered in the study, whereas some of the proposed alternate schemes were found to improve both lateral strength and ductility for improved seismic performance.

Shock and Vibratory Effects

Fujikake et al. present findings from an experimental study and simplified simulations in their paper “Impact Response of Reinforced-Concrete Beam and Its Analytical Evaluation.” The experimental study involves a drop hammer impact test and investigates the influence of drop height and the effect that the amount of longitudinal steel reinforcement contributes to the response of under-reinforced RC beams with adequate transverse reinforcement. The experimental impact responses of the beams were later simulated with a two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system model, in which the loading rate effects were considered. The model is shown to reasonably reproduce results for beams that exhibited overall flexural failure.

Metal Structures

Reynaud and Peyton examine the relationship between the strength of connected elements and the strength of the connector in “Strength of Screw Connections in Cold-Formed Steel Construction.” Fastener strength test data from three independent manufacturers are presented and it is shown that as the thickness or yield strength of the connected elements is increased, the ratio of the fastener strength to the bearing/tilting strength decreases to values of less than one-half in some cases. The “Reversed Cyclic Performance of Shear Walls with Wood Panels Attached to Cold-Formed Steel with Pins” is evaluated by Serrette and Nolan. For the assemblies tested and the specific pin type used, it is shown that the average ratio of the peak strength to the derived allowable strength exceeded 2.8, the average maximum usable displacement exceeded 3.5% of the wall height, the average ratio of the peak strength displacement to the allowable strength displacement exceeded 9.3, and the average maximum usable displacement was 35% greater than the peak strength displacement.

Wood Structures

In “Development of Nailed Wood Joint Element in ABAQUS,” Xu and Dolan present a hysteretic model to simulate the behavior of a nailed joint in which the hysteretic constitutive law is characterized by a series of ordinary differential equations. Suitable parameters of the model for different joint configurations are estimated through genetic algorithms. The model is validated with experimental data on the cyclic response of a wood shear wall. The follow-up paper discusses the “Development of a Wood-Frame Shear Wall Model in ABAQUS.” A complete shear wall model is composed of boundary framing members and two diagonal hysteretic springs. The parameters of the springs are estimated from shear wall test data or detailed shear wall simulation results. The accuracy and efficiency of the shear wall model is verified by simulating the experimental response of a two-story residential building.

Structural Optimization

An integrated approach to “Stiffness Optimization for Wind-Induced Dynamic Serviceability Design of Tall Buildings” is proposed by Chan et al. A rigorously derived optimality criteria (OC) method is developed for seeking the optimal distribution of element stiffness for a tall building system satisfying the peak acceleration design constraints. Two full-scale 60-story building examples of mixed steel and concrete construction, with and without complex 3D mode shapes, are used to illustrate the effectiveness and practical application of the optimal design technique.

Technical Note

Kim and Reda Taha propose a new methodology to consider uncertainty propagation in serviceability calculations in “Robustness to Uncertainty: An Alternative Perspective in Realizing Uncertainty in Modeling Deflection of Reinforced Concrete Structures.” The propagation of random uncertainties in deflection of a continuous one-way RC slab is examined. It is shown that by considering a threshold of uncertainty in predicted deflection, the robustness-to-uncertainty in model inputs for different deflection prediction models can be evaluated. It is also established that a tradeoff between model robustness and model accuracy exists in modeling deflection of RC structures.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 135Issue 8August 2009
Pages: 883 - 886

History

Received: May 13, 2009
Accepted: May 13, 2009
Published online: Jul 15, 2009
Published in print: Aug 2009

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Authors

Affiliations

Sashi K. Kunnath
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California at Davis, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616. E-mail: [email protected]

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