Civil Engineering and Urban Planning 2012

The seismic response effect of the parameters of soil layers on the soft soil tank foundation was analyzed based on numerical simulation. The research results show that dynamic pore water pressure in the center of the tank foundation accumulates gradually and tends to be stable under the earthquake load; the influence of vertical permeability on tank foundation dynamic pore water pressure is significantly; the soil compression modulus is the main influencing factor of dynamic deformation of tank foundation, the maximum dynamic deformation happens at the right 0.8D of tank base center, and with the increase of compression modulus, the deformation of tank foundation evens gradually.

In karst areas, water discharging from a karst spring carries an imprint of hydrologic information upstream in the karst triple void media aquifer. The shape of the outflow hydrograph recorded at a spring is a unique reflection of the response of the aquifer. This paper presents a detailed analysis and explanation of recession curves of spring hydrograph generated from the designed karst aquifer. The laboratory experiments showed that the conduit recession is only one part of the first recession component. The spring flow hydrograph is the global response to the input signals and influenced by many hydrologic factors. The experimental results confirm that the recession coefficients are significantly related to the characteristics of the karst triple void media.

To measure the average stain of cracked ferrocement plates under bending successfully, thin and flexible copper foils were bonded to the plate surface before the strain gauges. A complete load-strain curve of ferrocement under bending was obtained by using this measuring method. Through conversion, the crack width was approximately estimated by reflecting the bending strain. The initial crack width, the ultimate crack width and the load-crack width curves could be acquired. Both the load-displacement curve and the load-strain curve show that ferrocement plate had good performance in energy absorption and flexural strength.

For energy-based seismic design, hysteretic energy can be used for evaluating damage of buildings, in which establishment of simple and accurate procedure for estimating energy demands is the key point. In this paper, the energy balance equation of buildings is expanded, based on the equivalent SDOF system assumption, and the relation equation of seismic hysteretic energy between multi-storey buildings and equivalent SDOF systems is derived. According to the derivation of energy balance equation, a methodology for estimating total hysteretic energy of buildings is proposed and the formula for estimating distribution of hysteretic energy along stories is presented. An example is provided, in which three kinds of soil site are considered and corresponding earthquake records are used to verify the methods. The analytical results show that: (1) the method for estimating the total hysteretic energy is suitable for hard soil site, but it is unsuitable for the other sites; (2) the method for estimating the distribution of hysteretic energy is available for obtaining the tendency of distribution of hysteretic energy along stories and finding out the weakest storey of buildings subjected to earthquake motions.

The concept of linary-medium model based on quasi-continuous medium was proposed by Shen Zhujiang who conceptualized geological materials as binary structural bodies consisting of bonding elements and frictional elements. From the viewpoint of mesomechanics, the elastoplastic constitutive of binary medium for soils is derived by Eshelby eigenstrain self-consistent method considering compatibility of strain and continuity of stress between bonding elements and frictional elements. The constitutive model we give can reflect the influence on mechanics performances of structural soils caused by shape of bonding elements (frictional elements), breakage law, stress history, and state of stress, etc.

Microcracks and microvoids are the main microdefects in rock-like materials, when water infiltrates through a microcrack, an additional opening stress is applied to the surface of microcracks. Based on superposition principle, the response of rock-like materials under triaxial tension and pore pressure is separated into two parts: the first part is the response of materials under hydrostatic pressure and pore pressure in microcracks, the other is the response of materials under far field stress and pore pressure in the microvoids. Based on the analysis of the deformation in a RVE, an additional compliance tensor is obtained. The satisfactory agreement between the computed and experimental results demonstrates the validity of the proposed model.

A new thin-walled beam-column element is developed. This element model is based on the first-order beam theory. The interpolation functions are constructed according to the relationship between translational and rotational displacements. Based on the principle of virtual work, the new two node beam element model is derived. This element model includes transverse and rotational shear deformation and the coupling of flexure and torsion. Numerical results are validated through comparisons of the results of current element model with those based on other formulations presented in the literature. The results of the example also show that the shear locking is avoided using this element without reduced integration.

A quantitative method for evaluating the seismic collapse-resistant capacity for reinforced concrete structures is proposed. Based on the push-over analysis, pushing a building to collapse can obtain the maximum value of base shear force, corresponding to collapse critical point. The maximum shear force is divided by the total mass of the structure, and a horizontal structural acceleration called SA which represents the structure response is obtained. Then the maximum earthquake affecting coefficient can be calculated by SA and the characteristic period Tg. Finally peak ground acceleration (GA) is obtained, which can be a performance index to evaluate the seismic collapse-resistant capacity. The method is verified by two frame structure models, indicating that the method can compare the seismic collapse-resistant capacity of different buildings.

Along with the economic development and social progress, the whole society put forward higher requirements to the service quality of the power supply enterprise. But in terms of user management, most of domestic power grid enterprises haven't form clear customer service model. This phenomenon brings inconvenience to user unified management service. Focusing on visualization of grid users, compositive information acquirement and transmission, discuss a deeper application, a new delicacy management mode of city power grid users is brought in this paper, which enrich the technically system of transmission and distribution technology for the next step of grid construction.

With the development of the society, the education and the construction of the campus in recent years, the designing of Gymnasium in Universities is facing many new problems, which has aroused public attention. The planning and design for gymnasium in universities are integrated and studied as a whole. People start to explore the possible direction of development from its own characteristics, so that the original intention of the design are implemented and reflected in the project construction and utilization, thus helping the university campus to create a harmonious atmosphere, it is also conducive to integrate the university campus organically into the urban environment, so that the college stadiums can achieve the goal of sustainable development through the sharing of resources.

The Xi'an-Hanzhong section of the GZ40 National Trunk Highway has finished construction and opened to traffic. With experience learned from more than five years of work on the Xi'an Hanzhong Expressway, we summarize and analyze the original design to aid civil engineers in improving highway design and construction procedures for future projects.

Rural energy construction is a special field in energy sustainable development for China. Rational energy structure is able to promote the social, economic and environmental development. This paper used system dynamics theory to analysis the rural energy system, divided it into four subsystems, including population, energy supply, renewable energy resources and structure. The simulation model for rural energy in Shandong Province was established to find rational patterns for rural energy sustainable development.

The Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM) is presented for analyzing linear-elastic cracked structures. An automatic adaptive refinement procedure based on stress recovery procedures is also involved in this process. Numerical examples formode I and mixed-mode condition are performed and results are in excellent agreement with the analytic solution, and example problem is also presented to simulate crack propagation.

This paper promoted a theoretical method to identify the relationship between bus-ticket price and private cars'trip volumes. This method analyzed the influence of the average income of urban residents and trip cost of private cars based on the regression model. Then according the elastic theory, the paper calculated the elastic relation of bus-ticket price and private cars'trip volumes. This theory method could quantify the influence effect of bus-ticket price.

Facing the current situation of lacking of description of topological relations of model in BIM applications, this paper puts forward a new presentation of models, which is relationship-oriented building information modeling. It is based on the modeling of relationship between building elements, so it easily contains a variety of relationship-based topology information, which can combine the information of any component in the model. Then this paper focuses on the study of analysis on this type of model. Designs based on the analysis will not only involve in specific designs of modeling but also involve in specific designs of analytical class. Designs in this paper mainly focus on the aspects of realization and scalability of model analysis. At last, the feasibility and rationality of the designs will be attested by integrating a prototype system with several experimental examples.

The confined aquifer within irregular water boundary can not be evaluated with Dupuit equation. This paper intends to determine the water heads in a confined aquifer within irregular boundary when a single well is pumping water with an approximated solution and a full implementation in a numerical code. This paper also intends to give more information of the precision of the approximated analytical solution. Results indicate that the proposed equivalent analytical solution is reasonable when the pumping rate Q is very little. However when pumping rate increases to a certain value, the proposed equivalent analytical solution is not applicable.

Harbin, one of the biggest and most important cities in Northern China, is demanding for a large amount of water resources every day. The water-supply security should be first ensured to protect the urban stability and economic development. In the paper, the classification and 7 characteristics (including potentiality and uncertainty, objectivity and universality, contingency and necessity, correlation and gradation, variety and high frequency, transitivity, variability) of water system risks are firstly analyzed to provide references for the specific case of Harbin. Then, based on the current situation, potential risks of urban water supply in Harbin are analyzed from three aspects, including water quantity, water quality and water-supply projects, so that proper measures will be taken to prevent the possible risks and protect water supply.

Urban green space system plays an important role in urban disaster reduction system. An analysis of Green space planning and function for urban gardens based on the concept of disaster reduction was presented herein. The concept of "Green Multivariate Layout" was given based on the analysis. Cooperative work of green space system for urban green garden can be realized, and benefits of disaster reduction and prevention can be improved.

In this paper, we evaluated the changes of land use/cover and landscape pattern in Derong County during the period 1993-2009. Results show that: 1) there was a significant reduction in arable land and forestland, however, rangeland and construction land increased greatly; 2) the degrees of separation and fragmentation for water bodies and construction land were relatively high, by contrast, the degrees for farmland, forestland, and rangeland increased first and then decreased, influenced by policies and human activities; 3) the landscape structure became increasingly fragmented and then aggregated, while the landscape heterogeneity increased first and then decreased.

Previous researchers processed monitoring data through some math means mainly, which make the result reflect better the character of building monitoring data. But data expression is single. However you process the data in various methods, the result is a line chart or a smooth curve fitting. It is necessary to develop more data expression and processing methods. It will help us find the character of monitoring objects that is difficult to find in a single line chart. This paper introduces the K chart which is used in the stock market commonly. And the author did some trials in this new method to analyze axial force of deep silt foundation pit supporting.

Heavy harm to both shaft itself and workers can be caused by the deformations for the mine shaft over past many year's working. Curtain grouting is one of efficient methods to protect the shaft and the earth's surface around the shaft from the harm. The deformation caused by grouting around mine shaft is monitored with a reasonable scheme. The detected data is forecasted separately by the suited time-series model and wavelet analysis. After comparing between the actual observation values and forecasting values, it is found that the precision of wavelet analysis of results is the highest.

Water-soluble polymer with its hydrophilic, adhesion, film formation and etc. excellent performance made good effects on the soil and water conservation, soil moisture, loose soil and other soil improvement. A series tests were conducted on the expansibility, erosion resistance of the expansive soils modified by the STW Water-soluble polymer. The modified mechanism was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The result showed that the STW Water-soluble polymer improved the expansibility, erosion resistance greatly.

The mapping is an important means for protecting the traditional architecture. The traditional architecture usually lacks the files about construction technology, and the considerations shall be taken for protecting the buildings during mapping. The traditional mapping method has a low accuracy, and the aerial measurement is risky, which has certain destruction on these buildings. This article will explore the use of nonprism laser range finder total station to conduct non-contact data acquisition on the building, and then use the underlying function of AutoCAD, through the secondary development of AutoCAD, to achieve the 3-D digital mapping function of building, and thus the flat, vertical, profile and other building drawings can be obtained. The technology is of great significance to the mapping and protection of traditional architecture.

Building is one physical form with actual use function, and it is an artwork formed by architects conducting processing and combination to the basic geometric forms in accordance with the law of aesthetics, the author has summarized the formation of the architectural pattern to be several formation modes according to the formation features of the architectural bodies, through the research on these several kinds of formation modes, we can excavate the law of the formation of the architectural pattern and grasp the technique for the architectural image design.

Based on the survey data and variables of effectiveness, efficiency and equity, this study develops a "3E" satisfaction model and fuzzy synthetic evaluation model to make a performance evaluation on university campus. The results show that, efficiency, effectiveness and equity are positively correlated with the satisfaction of Zijingang campus of Zhejiang University, yet their impacts are different: the overall satisfaction is low; the effectiveness is good while efficiency and equity are inadequate. More specifically, Efficiency is the most influential factor to satisfaction, but in reality it has the lowest satisfaction; effectiveness, which has higher satisfaction actually, affects teachers and students less; besides, the campus planning is pursuing effectiveness at the cost of efficiency and equity. These conclusions suggest that, campus planning should pay more attention to the integrated development of "efficiency, effectiveness, equity and optimality", so as to promote the optimization and transformation of university campus planning.

This paper presents a calculating method on the travel speed for urban expressway. Time mean speed and space mean speed are introduced at first. On that basis, the definition on travel speed is given. And then, a five-step calculating procedure is designed. Interesting to note that the expressway should be divided into several sections and delay functions should be calibrated for specific traffic flow states in this research. Finally, a part of expressway (7 km) in Tianjin City is brought as our case. Through calibration, calculation and verification in the case study, this calculating method is illustrated to be effective to estimate the travel speed for urban expressway.

Zhongshan Municipality is located in the delta of Pearl River. Industries in townships comprise the main components of Zhongshan's economy, which is termed Zhongshan Development Pattern. Industries in townships started relatively early and at that time, the policy system was not completely built up and the labour force was relatively cheap. Therefore townships had a better economic system compared to the central city. However, with the industrial type transformation in China, development patterns of municipalities require change and promotion. Meanwhile, bottleneck effects in township industries of Zhongshan have emerged in the perspective of efficiency and land supplement. The municipality has been challenged by deficient market demands and deficient developmental motivation. It is becoming more and more important to coordinate the development of townships with the central city. The article uses scenario analysis to simulate the relationship between townships' development and the city's development, in order to find an approach to enhance the competitiveness for the municipality.

The critical force of a cantilever column with a tip mass subjected to a subtangential follower force is discussed. Based on its differential equation, the closed-form solution on the critical force of a cantilever column with tip mass subjected to a follower force is derived out. The effects of the parameters related to a subtangential follower force and the tip-mass on the critical force can be analyzed with the consequence.

The article discusses the effect of urban color in the construction of city landscape. Put forward the city characteristic shaping strategy and path by using traditional urban color gene, discusses the urban color image shaping method through some examples.

According to the special geographical characters, the reservoir area of Liyang City built a Pre-reservoir, which has an area of 0.1hm², including a pretreatment zone, plant purification zone, biological purification zone, deep purification zone. The pre-reservoir significantly improves water quality, and the removal rate of suspended solid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen were 66%, 43%, 48% and 41% respectively. The system could remove the SS with high efficiency. From the Particle size distribution analysis, the results revealed that the particle size > 30μm and <4μm of SS could to be removed in sediment area. Pollutant removal mechanisms are achieved by gravitational settling, algal settling, wetland plant uptake and bacterial decomposition. The pre-reservoir areas provide storage for flood waters and established vegetation removes pollutants.

Many classical theories on soil mechanics expound bearing capacity of soil such as Terzaghi and Hansen, but they are only suitable to homogeneous soil. To non-homogeneous soil, there are many restrictive conditions or experienced. This text talks about computer simulation about bearing capacity and failure type of multilayer soils in Baotou, and compare its result with classical theories.

Cable dome is the most successful application of tensegrity system. It consists of cables and struts and prestress provides structural stiffness. According to the structural behavior of the dome, several construction schemes are first introduced. Then analysis methods including inverse analysis method and dynamic relaxation method are used to simulate the construction process of cable domes. The basic theory and the calculation steps are also discussed respectively.

In order to meet the design requirement of beam, it is necessary to monitor the construction process of jacking of steel-concrete composite beam in self-anchored suspension bridge, and lay down jacking scheme, furthermore, need to analyze the internal force of beam, measured value and calculates value of deflection and adjusts the jacking load. The test data shows that the construction scheme of grading jacking is convenient and feasible; moreover, it's good to improve the level of construction accuracy and decrease construction cost.

In the early stage of building design, the simulation software Ecotect are used to analyze and evaluate in architecture design process. The paper mainly includes the modeling, parameter setting of Ecotect, thermal environment analysis and daylighting analysis, then makes corresponding adjustment of the design based on the simulation results. The simulation of Ecotect could help designer understand the energy consumption and provide the scientific foundation in design phase, playing an important role in energy-saving building design.

Emission factors are closely related to traffic patterns. the Beijing bus fleet was used in this case study of developing a vehicle emission factor model based on a micro-traffic pattern approach. A hand-hold GPS was applied to record driving condition data for 4 typical bus route in Beijing. Besides, we introduce the micro-trip method to relate macro-traffic indicators to micro-traffic patterns. The result indicates distributions of each operating mode to total micro-trip are differenct with various road type and average speed. Generally, emission factors of all pollutants decease with increased average speed.

The construction of ‘Water City' makes waterfront public space spring up like mushrooms in Nanning City. It is a necessity to explore some localized and characterized development countermeasures for this kind of space system in order to play the construction effectiveness of the ‘Water City'. By analyzing the characteristics of the climatic environment of Nanning City as well as the characteristics of the employment of subtropical waterfront public space, the writer clearly decides the spatial characteristic positioning of composite function, water city and multi-culture, proposing the development measures for the construction of the network waterfront green leisure& recreation system, water-intimating entertainment place and facility system, the native resident show as well as the water culture park of ASEAN etc.

The limit values of axial compression ratio of reinforced concrete columns and steel reinforced concrete columns are introduced, and through the test, the influences of axial compression ratio on seismic ductility of SRC columns are analyzed. The limited values of axial compression ratio of the columns are obtained, corresponding different stirrup ratios at a certain level of displacement ductility.

Traditional architecture is a representative culture symbol of a region or a nation, which is not only the representative of material culture and the carrier of non-material culture, but also a typical cultural space. Minority nationality characteristic dwelling is a miracle of Chinese traditional folk residences. Under the impact of globalization and modernization, traditional residential architecture has been greatly affected and destroyed. At present, protection and reform on the Minority nationality characteristic dwelling in the southwest of Hubei Province has been paid attention by all the people. In this process, great achievements have been made, while many problems have appeared. This paper analyzes the social value, economic value and ecological value of Minority nationality characteristic dwelling protection, and the current problems of protection. It starts from the realities of minority nationality characteristic dwelling protection and analyzes the different regions, ethnic, social, and economic ecological conditions. It has put forward the protection principles and methods to promote protection and renovation work of dwellings in southwest minority area for further expand and upgrade.

Presently, the researches of displacement-based seismic design almost belong to two dimensions analysis. Both theoretical researches and seismic disasters indicate that the torsion responses can aggravate destroying of the asymmetry-plan buildings. Furthermore, the determinations of structural stiffness in the current procedure are almost dependent on subjective experience of designers which is not rational and economical. So, a method that uses displacement as the basis for the stiffness design of asymmetric-plan buildings is then presented: (1)By means of conceptual design, the initial structure are designed, the mode shapes and periods are then calculated by modal analysis and the weak members of the building are found out by dynamic analysis; (2) The target period and lateral equivalent stiffness are determined according to target displacement; (3) The lateral stiffness of initial designed structure is adjusted to make the displacement responses of the weakness members meet the limited displacements by the parameter of stiffness adjustment. Finally, an example is implemented in the paper for demonstrating the process and verifying the accuracy of the procedure.

Many factors affected dredger fill's consolidation. Dissipation of pore water pressure reflects the hydraulic fill's consolidation process from another angle. In this paper, hydraulic fill with the high clay content as study object. Indoor simulation experiments carried out under different drainage conditions: the same drawdown of different drainage rates, different drawdown rate of the same drainage. Comparison time of soil initiation drainage, the rate of drainage, and the dissipation of pore water pressure in the different drainage conditions. When the larger drawdown rapid drainage, found the soil has been reinforced around vertical drainage pipe first, pore water pressure changes so little when the soil away from the vertical body. Comparing speaking, the cohesive soil would be easier to consolidation in small drawdown and slow drainage process. Select the appropriate drawdown and drainage rate could be achieved better results of cohesive soil consolidation.

In terms of Biot's dynamic theory, the method of complex function is used to solve the problem of the dynamic response of circular-arc channel in a liquid-filled solid half-space under harmonic plane compressional waves. The equations of the Biot wave motion are decoupled to Helmholtz equations by introducing potential functions and the general solution is obtained. Utilizing the general solution of the potential functions, expressions for the displacements, stresses and pore pressures within the liquid-filled solid and surface channel can be obtained for certain boundary conditions. Here, a circular arc with large radius are used to simulate the straight boundary of the liquid-filled solid half-space. With different parameter conditions, Numerical results are showed and some laws are given and discussed.

In the paper, a mechanical model for the slab track was established. The mechanical characteristics and the deforming rule of slab track were analyzed using some parameters such as one group of fastening defects, two group of fastening defects, position of defects, etc. The results indicate that the fastening defects have a significant influence on the lateral displacement of track structure.

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of coal gangue(CG) weathering on CG highway properties, three kinds of CG originating from Wuhai, Xuejiawan and Dongsheng areas in China and a common road aggregate as a comparation were sampled to test their stabilities, consistence, free expansibility and unconfined compressive strength under the artificial physical weathering and chemical weathering conditions as a road construction material in lab respectively. The results showed that the stabilities of Wuhai CG were higher than that in others after the physical weathering and chemical weathering. The highway properties such as consistence, free expansibility and unconfined compressive strength of weathered Xuejiawan CG(X-CG) and Dongsheng CG(D-CG) could not meet the road's demands, while the Wuhai CG(W-CG) and road aggregate were content with the road's requirement.

The mathematical model of the effect of ground rigid body to seismic vibration is considered making use of Newton's law and scattering theory of the elastic wave, and the first kind of Fredholm integration equation of the unknown distribution force between the rigid body and the ground which has weak logarithmic singular characteristic is obtained by utilizing the boundary conditions and the dynaimic conditon of the problem and Gauss-Legendre integration formula is used to solve it. The given example shows the variations of the ratios of displcement amplitude of the rigid body and a point on the ground to the variations of incident angle and wave number.

The reconstruction work in Wenchuan seismic area has achieved great success which can be seen both from the government's reports and the victims' comments. But it was not studied that how to technically evaluate the status and the effect of such a great reconstruction process. Because of the complex situation, how to build an operable evaluation system in seismic area is the key problem. Take typical resettled environment as the research object, this paper make efforts to do a priority research to build the evaluation system. Four-step method and Triangular comprehensive evaluation method were employed to construct the evaluation factors set. Most of the evaluation factors were selected from the bottom-up survey. In conclusion, a set of factors which is suitable for the evaluation after resettlement were established. In the three different types of seismic areas, special factors which represent different modes have also been considered as well as the universality factors.

Fine-grained soil containing coarse is widely distributed in the sliding zone of slop, its strength softening characteristics at large strains is different from normal clay. Special attentions are paid to residual strength of the soils for stability analysis of slop, and the most widely used shear strength test in engineering is by means of the direct shear test. However, if the soils contain a relatively high proportion of coarse particles, over 30%, it is difficult to reach a residual value by the conventional apparatus, because of the decrease in shear strength with increasing strain would at a relatively large shear displacement. The test suffers from grains overflow through the small clearance between shear-boxes and the shear plane does not remain the same. With consideration of the above disadvantages, a new type of apparatus had been developed in this paper. By controlling the tilt of the upper shear-box caused by the relative displacement of boxes under vertical force, the apparatus can meet the repeated direct shear condition at large strains. The shear apparatus has several advantages that vertical pressure applied to the specimen can be maintained, and the relatively friction between the boxes is unaltered, if required, the shear dilatation effect of specimen is freely. The experiment results demonstrated that the apparatus is applicable to the residual strength test of the fine-grained soil containing coarse. It is easy to hold the grains and maintain the only shear planes, and the shear stress-shear displacement curves obtained from the improved apparatus can reflect the strain softening characteristics well. The new apparatus have advantages of clear principle and simple structure. By simple disassembled, it can recover to the conventional direct shear apparatus.

This paper suggests using the carbon fiber reinforced polymer to reinforce circularly the bamboo. A series of experiment studies were carried out to investigate the compressive strength, bending strength and tensile strength of bamboo reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The mechanical performances of bamboos with and without reinforcing were compared and the efficient reinforcing method was suggested.

The comprehensive disciplines of architecture and urban planning are imposing higher requirements on students. The learning methods also have their own characteristics. Three Gorges University's urban construction department has been taken as an example in the article. It has given rudimentary education on learning methods based on the analysis of student backgrounds, to help them understand the characteristics of the majors as soon as possible and master the proper learning methods, which will lay a solid foundation for their further study.

In order to study the seismic behavior of frame connections composed of special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular columns and steel beam, finite element analyses were performed using ABAQUS compared against experimental data. The failure modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves yield strength and ultimate strength have been analyzed. Comparing to the test results, it is shown that the calculated results are close, which states the finite element model selected in this paper is correct and the finite element analysis is feasible.

The sandwich external wall panel is made of fireproof paper honeycomb board as kernel material, and the external surface is covered by colorful extruded steel board, while the internal surface is coated with the thermal insulating frothing ceramic board or the calcium silicate board, which works as the insulating layer or protecting layer of the panel. After corresponding thermal calculation, the maximum heat transfer coefficient determined as 0.763~0.632 W/(m²⋅ K), which complies with the threshold stipulated in the National Code for external wall panel used in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone. The newly designed wall panel will save 65% of energy when compared with the traditional one made in 1980.

In order to solve both the construction of energy-saving and whether it should be a transformation sequence, the comprehensive evaluation index system was established. This article sets an AHP comprehensive evaluation model using the fuzzy mathematics and draws the conclusion that it can evaluate the existing building from the year of construction, damage degree, thermal comfort and structural plies.

City is a product of the combination of ancient and modern development. For urban studies, we need to explore the origins and characteristics of city from the historical roots. This article take Zhenjiang as an example, the method of Diehen Yingzao proposed by Professor Zhao Bing was used to exploring the history of urban construction in Zhenjiang. On this basis, combined with the advanced GIS technologies, we can be guided in all aspects of urban research, such as how to apply and deal with large amounts of historical data. Afterwards, we can more precise to study cities, and extract the information we need to facilitate our future research.

Due to the high environmental impact of the cement and concrete industries, the recycling of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashes (MSWI BA) in the concrete manufacturing is concerned through worldwide. Recycling of MSWIBA can reduce waste volume stored in landfills. It also can save energy and raw materials for cement manufacturing and reduce atmospheric pollution.

After the Second World War, the building and civil engineering industries had a rapid development. With the growth of society, complex structures and new types of buildings are demanded by the community. Although the normal materials are still applied, their features cannot alone satisfy the requirements for structures of the present day. Fortunately, the high performance concrete (HPC) has emerged. Due to the application of HPC, the contemporary types of buildings can be realized.

The article describes a laboratory experiment to determine the hormetic effects of inorganic mercury (Hg) on the earthworm Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) in OECD soils. In an experiment lasting 17d, survival rates of exposure to mercury chloride were investigated. 7d and 14d LC50 of mortality were 155.97 and 143.67mg/kg, respectively. There are a significant dose-response relationship between survival rates and Hg concentration (0, 50, 100,150, 200 and 250 mg/kg). Survival of E. fetida is a stable and sensitive biomarker to diagnose adverse effects of Hg in soil environment. Sub-chronic treatment (0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg) caused a significant increase at low doses yet an inhibitory at high levels in survival of earthworms over 7 d. The OECD soil exposure of the mature E. fetida showed a hormetic stimulation of 114-132% of survival rates. It indicated that inorganic Hg is capable of causing hormetic-like biphasic effects on earthworms and high dose of pollutants may conceal the hormesis of exposure to Hg.

This paper described an optimal inelastic-analysis-based seismic design methodology for steel building frameworks under earthquake ground motions. A nonlinear time history analysis procedure is adopted as the evolution tool for seismic demands. The analysis is categorized as an advanced analysis such that explicit member strength checking is not required in the design formulation. The design objectives are to minimize weight, earthquake input energy and to maximize hysteretic energy of fuse members. The design constraints include plastic rotation limit on frame members and inter-story drift limit on each story. A numerical example of moment-resisting frame is used to illustrate the methodology.

Since agricultural water security has been threatened by the serious shortage of water resources in northern China, how to efficiently and reasonably use soil water resources has become one of the research hotspots recently. At Taigu Water Balance Experimental Field of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau in Shanxi Province, we dynamically monitored the air temperature, soil freeze-thaw depth and soil moisture content within the depth of 100 cm from November 1, 2004 to March 31, 2005. And we found that the temperature fluctuated around 0 °C in winter with daytime temperature above 0, and the night temperature below 0 °C The soil within the depth of 10 cm froze at night and thawed at daytime, and soil water increased. As the air temperature continued to decrease, the freezing front developed downward because of the increase of the soil negative accumulated temperature. The frozen soil layer was thickened gradually and reached 60 cm on February 6th, 2005, then the high moisture zone formed at the depth of 30 to 50 cm and the soil water increased by 15% compared with the data of the before winter; due to water migration to the freezing front, the soil water at the depth of 70 to 80 cm decreased by 17% compared with the data of the before winter. The topsoil experienced several freeze-thaw microcirculations owning to the influence of the air temperature since February 13, 2005, and the frozen soil completely thawed on March 17th. The weather was dry during the freeze-thaw period, so the soil water at the depth of 0 to 10 cm decreased by 13% compared with the data of the before winter; the soil water at the depth of 20 to 60 cm increased by 10% after soil thawed completely. The research results would contribute to reasonable agriculture irrigation and high efficient soil water utilization in winter and spring.

Based upon a travel survey of 1365 individuals from nine selected sub-districts of Hangzhou, this study develops a subdivided Multinomial Logistic Model to explore the underlying influence of land-use characteristics on different communities' travel pattern of Shopping-Mall, utilizing explanatory variables of individual attributes, travel features and land-use characteristics. The results verify that, accessibility enhancement and mixed use of commercial and residential land could impel more walk and bicycle trips to Shopping-Mall; the growing of transit service would boost the probability of non-motorized travels as well, whereas transit density itself wouldn't restrict car trips to Shopping-Mall. These findings manifest that, inhabitants' trip structure of Shopping-Mall will be optimized by implementing the progressive planning idea of urban spatial organization, and it's necessary to synthesize multiple instrumentality of land-use governance, public facility control and traffic environment improvement in different scale of community business circle where residents' activities are concentrated. Moreover, the sample-subdivided simulation approach can be applied to evaluate various effects of land use on different groups more accurately and provide basis for planning-related decisions as well as local growth management.

The structural damage is bound to have a certain impact on the dynamic characteristics, and further to affect the carrying capability of the structure. With a half-through concrete-filled steel tubular arch bridge as the research object, the finite element procedure ANSYS is used to establish the 3D finite element dynamic model, and figure out the natural vibration frequency and the vibration mode of the bridge, and a research is made on the influence of the damages of the suspenders and cross-braces at different locations on the natural vibration characteristics. The analysis results show that the damage of suspender located in mid-span is even more significant in the influence on the vertical bending vibration, and the damage of cross-brace near the 1/4 span and 3/4 span is of great influence on the lateral vibration of the structure.

The goal of the present study is to investigate the significance of a practical training on improving students' individuality factors, and consciousness of sustainable civil engineering, among others. The practical training finished by two undergraduate classes from Yantai University was employed in the case study. Student feedback and a survey-based self-assessment showed that: (1) students perceived remarkable promotion in several individuality factors as a result of a 3-week training; (2) the training experience aroused further attention to sustainable construction. The empirical findings provide insights into rethinking the notable role of practical training in improving students' comprehensive qualities.

Sedimentary environment and possible origins of geothermal water in Gushi depression, Shaanxi Province, NW China are discussed in this paper based on the isotope and hydrochemistry characteristics of the geothermal water. The result shows that isotope and hydrochemistry characteristics in different part of study area act obviously differences, which indicate their different storage environments, recharge resources and genetic types. The study expound for the first time that genetic types of geothermal water are various and the main genetic types of geothermal water includes 1, modern circulating water which host on an opener thermal environment; 2, residual connate water that may be exists in closer geothermal reservoir; 3,the mixed water between 1 and 2.

Wastewater treatment plant is an environmental friendly engineering. But the environmental problem caused in its construction process is very big. To illuminate the environmental impact, this survey takes an urban wastewater treatment plant in Harbin as an example, and analyzes the environmental impact of the construction process with the method of LCA. Weighting the assessment results shows that the global warming potential is the largest, 68.523% of the total environmental impact, followed by non-renewable resources (28.996%), acidification potential (1.262%), water quality potential (0.533%), air quality potential (0.356%) , landfill space (0.228%), photochemical ozone creation potential (0.060%), water eutrophication (0.041%), potential human health effects (0.001%).

Since the introduction of idea of low-carbon economy and low-carbon city, the practice of low-carbon city construction has been launched extensively on a global scale. China, as a big developing country with a great speed of urbanization, has its own features to carry out the low-carbon city practice. On the basis of analyzing the national situation of Chinese urban development, this paper emphasizes on the policies and pilot projects to carry out the low-carbon city construction in China.

The middle and upper Jialing River area, as one of the key water and soil conservation control areas, has made some achievements in controlling soil erosion and water loss and protecting eco-environment after more-than-20-years construction of water and soil conservation projects such as conversion of farmlands to forests. In order to reflect the effects of the projects, the Lizixi watershed, a tributary of the middle Jialing River, is elected as a case study area. Based on TM and ETM digital data in 1986, 1999, 2001, remote sensing and GIS technology, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to simulate the impact of land use/coverage change (LUCC) on the run-off and sediment yields in the Lizixi watershed. The results indicate as follows: during the period of 1986-2001 forest area had increased by 5.87%, while cultivated land area had correspondingly reduced by 5.76% in the Lizixi watershed. Furthermore, LUCC had influences on the run-off and sediment yields indicate by SWAT scenarios modeling. Studies show that the implementation of conversion of farmlands to forests has positive effects on water and soil conservation and ecological environment development of Lizixi watershed.

Mechanical behaviors of structured soils can usually be quantitatively assessed based on the mechanical behaviors of the corresponding reconstituted clays. The method of preparing reconstituted soils will affect the quality of reconstituted samples remarkably, and therefore, affect their mechanical parameters. To guarantee the quality of reconstituted soil samples, a large diameter oedometer apparatus was modified for preparing reconstituted clay samples. To investigate the compression and strength behaviors of the reconstituted clay samples prepared by the modified apparatus, standard oedometer tests and triaxial undrained shear tests were also conducted. Odometer tests results suggest that the compression behavior of reconstituted clays is mainly influenced by initial water content for given clay. Triaxial undrained shear tests results show that the strength envelope is also influenced remarkably by initial water content for the reconstituted clays. Undrained shear strength can be well normalized by the normalized water content.

With the construction of underground space, the basement structures float frequently, especially local float which is more serious harmful. This paper analyzes mechanism of local floating, and takes a residential area basement project as an example, analyses the reasons of floating and calculates the deformation and stress of the basement during floating process in different constraints, different base plate thickness with the help of ANSYS finite element software. Through research and analysis, this paper suggests that anti-floating design water level is the core issue which constrains anti-floating design; there are certain limitations of a single anti-float safety factor; increase basement peripheral constraints and base plate thickness can reduce the basement local floating deformation.

Assuming that the friction angle on different slip plane varies with the angle between the sliding plane and bedding plane, a method for active earth pressure estimation accounting the strength anisotropy of soil was presented based on the method of level-layer analysis. According to two typical cases, the effects of strength anisotropy were discussed. It was found that strength anisotropy affects the active earth pressure significantly, and the active earth pressure gets its peak value when the inclination angle of bedding plane is about 60 degree. It was also shown that the anisotropy in peak strength makes significant influence on the location of sliding plane and limited effect on the value and acting point of active earth pressure.

The construction of subways requires large volumes of concrete. In the process of pouring and curing mass concrete, cracks can easily form in the concrete and harm the structural integrity of the tunnels and stations. This paper analyses the causes of those cracks in the concrete, points out the resulting dangers, and introduces methods to prevent the formation of cracks. The paper concludes by recommending that concrete mix be poured in segments of 25-30 meters long at a time, and the structural template for concrete pouring should be less than 10 meters when doing the secondary lining in regional tunnel.

In the building industry, there is a new innovation which called ecologically sustainable development (ESD). The ESD building aim to reduce energy costs, minimize the environmental impact and provide a healthy and comfortable work environment. This paper outlines a breakaway from antiquated design concepts and outlines how to improve the traditional commercial building methods with 1-2 Green star rating to be able to achieve the 5 star rating.

The theory and analysis of the industry chain have become the efficient methods of researching on industry development, industry, planning. However, the in-depth research on industrial chain theory and its planning system is also unusual. Integrated both industry chain research theory, the general theories, methods and steps about industrial chain planning will be discussed from the industrial chain concept in case of Xi'an Qujiang Louguan district.

Under the rapid development of the urbanization in Chinese, there are some problems about urbanization, such as ecological environment, fragmented historical context and poor quality of urbanization. The concept of "inclusive growth" has a profound significance for Chinese urbanization. "Inclusive growth" urbanization is rich in content, including the inclusion of people with nature, history and social. Based on that, the significances of "inclusive growth" for China's urbanization are discussed.

Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs), such as NSGA-II, has demonstrated encouraging strength on optimization during the past decade. Recently, cuckoo search, which was inspired by the obligate brood parasitism of some cuckoo species in nature, was proposed and reported to consistently outperform Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization on single-objective benchmark functions. In this paper, we combined cuckoo search with non-dominated sorting procedure of NSGA-II to generate a multi-objective cuckoo search (MOCS) algorithm. Then it was applied to the optimal design problems of Water Distribution Systems. The objectives took total cost and network resilience into account. The hydraulic simulations were implemented via EPANET software. To compare the power of MOCS and NSGA-II, the ratio of hypervolume (HVR) was used to assess the performance of each algorithm across multiple independent runs. The results obtained clearly show that MOCS is superior to NSGA-II by yielding more solutions of high quality in terms of convergence and diversity.

In this paper, the authors analyze the effect on the urban district CI construction from great events based on literatures review and discussion of the variation of visitors brought by great events and mass media coverage. The findings demonstrate that great event effectively promoted the CI ascension of new urban district,but there are still many aspects need to be improved. In accordance with the complete analysis framework of great events process--before, during and after the event, this paper put forward related countermeasures for CI construction of new urban district.

As China is facing the challenge of economic reform, urban development pattern is confronted with promotion and transformation. Meanwhile, the concept of urban planning and design in China need to be further discussed and more international cooperation and symposiums are required. The article will discuss the concepts of ecological, smart and recreational city development based on the case of Nansha New District, Guangzhou. The article will focus on how to understand and apply such concepts into China's practice in order to reform the spatial design paradigm and systematic spatial control method.

In the real large space fire, non-uniform longitudinal and transverse temperature distributions were usually occurred by fire position. Using finite element analysis software ANSYS, maximum deflection of a fixed supported steel beam with three aspects surrounding fire was analysed in this paper, it supposed non-uniform transverse temperature distributions on the basis of non-uniform longitudinal temperature distributions which was assumed firstly, and also made comparisions with uniform longitudinal temperature distributions.

To simulate the longitudinal deformation of shield tunnel, a sophisticated 3D model was established, taking interactions between bolts and segments into consideration. The longitudinal mechanical and deformation pattern of shield tunnel were analyzed. The results showed that the deformation of circumferential joint was composed of joint opening and dislocation, and the dislocation was the main deformation. A longitudinal deformation pattern of tunnel, being divided into three phases, was proposed and the failure modes of bolts were revealed.

Traffic ecosystem safety is an significant part of the national public safety, as important as the national defense security and the economic security. Traffic ecosystem safety and freshwater resources will be the two core elements of the urban survival and sustainable development in the future. Based on elaborating the connotation of the urban traffic ecosystem safety evaluation methods, the paper puts forward the framework of comprehensive evaluation methods to the urban traffic ecosystem safety based on the time and scope, impact. It selects the specific indicators preliminary in the framework and establishes the indicators set based on DPSIR. Proposing the method of calculating traffic ecosystem safety degree to measure the level of urban traffic ecosystem safety.

An open pit mining requires a high-level complex engineering system which is also high-risk. The success or failure of an open pit mining project, as well as the availability of the investment rate of return, are largely dependent on the rationality of science that include all kinds of strategic decisions made in the planning and designing stages and the production processes, and whether the production programs and parameters are best. Based on the characteristics of the open pit production, considering mining resources, mining conditions, the price of minerals products, costs of mining and ore dressing, and other factors, a software system named SmartMiner Software System is applied to optimize an open pit coal mine depending on the concept of optimization of ultimate pit realm of the open pit coal mine (Wang et al. 2000 and Gu et al. 2010). Following this, the coal and rock volume of the open pit coal mine and the ultimate pit realm of the model state after exploitation are calculated, which can act as guidance for mine production.

As studying the high-pile wharf in Zhejiang, build the finite element model, to research the law of transformation and the force changes of wharf structure under the circumstances of different free lengths of piles, with the displacement of corner points, upper structure internal force and foundation piles flexural being controlled. Through the study found that, with the free length of piles increased, displacement of corner points change along with the logarithmic curve, internal forces of the upper structure are affected slightly, moments of foundation piles present parabolic change. And thus identified the optimal free length of piles in this instance, which has a certain reference to structure optimization design of deep-water high-pile wharf.

Using the low point Engineering Plastic (EP) to modify warm asphalt and warm asphalt mixtures, testing the modification effect by laboratory test..and comparing the difference between it and hot modified asphalt mixture in pavement performance. Through analysis the economic and social benefits of each type of anti-rutting additive modified asphalt mixtures, explain the characteristics of warm asphalt mixtures modified by EP on economic, energy conservation and environmental protection.

The geometrical size and modulus of fibers are the main factors influenced the mechanical performances of fiber reinforced concrete. The use of different type of fiber in a suitable combination may potentially improve the overall mechanical performances of concrete and result in performance synergy. This paper studied experimentally the synergic mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HyFRC) with different kinds and percents of steel fibers and polypropylene fiber, to find out the higher performance of mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete mixtures. Four groups of test specimens with macro and micro-fiber combination of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber were used to investigate the HyFRC's compressive strength, split tensile strength, bending strength and impact resisting performance.

A two-dimensional physical model was used to study the stability and overtopping flux of breakwater in Malaysia Kuantan. Model tests were carried out in a wave flume at TIWTE. For original design, four typical breakwater trunk sections were chosen in this study and the stone (or tetrapod unit) stability and overtopping flux under different wave conditions were given, respectively. The conclusions should be used to achieve optimization of the design.

This paper introduces the study on treatment on the secondary biochemical effluent of pulp and paper wastewater by ozonation, and investigates the effects of the ozonation process on the wastewater COD, chroma, UV₂₅₄ and turbidity removal efficiency during ozone dosage, contact time and so on. The results showed that ozonation treatment effect was good, and with the increase of ozone dosage and contact time, the wastewater COD, chroma and UV₂₅₄ experimental conditions removal rate was increasing, and the optimum were that the ozone dosage was 126.46~147.37mg/L and contact time was 1.30~1.74h. Ozonation has a certain removal efficiency for turbidity, and turbidity removal rate was in a large range of 1.88~77.51%, but there is no obvious correlation with the ozone dosage and contact time.

The construction of Xi-xian New Area has started up. Fengdong New District, the core city of Xi-xian New Area will be built as an international modern city in the following twenty years. Population is the most powerful support to the construction of new district, forecasting the population properly is beneficial to the goal of the new district's construction. In the light of the inadaptability of the traditional methods to the new district, this article tries to form a population forecast and control framework containing analogical, structural, economical, ecological, dynamic and superior control factors. The population forecast result shows that it is close to the goal of superior planning and has the universal significance and the value of popularization.

This paper proposed a research framework to contribute to understanding how integrated policy and implementation approaches, based on the concept of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) can create more positive relationships between water management and urban development. The research includes the interaction of technical measures and public policy responses, water management, spatial planning, economic development, agriculture and other sector policies.

The study takes the Yellow River reservoir as water source, and takes the GAC-sand filter as the experimental object. The study compares ordinary sand filter with GAC-sand filter on removal efficiency of turbidity, UV₂₅₄, ammonia and MIB. In GAC-sand filter water, turbidity is 0.44NTU, ammonia is 0.19mg/L, UV₂₅₄ is 0.018cm^-1. The average removal rates of turbidity, ammonia and UV₂₅₄ are 47.45 %, 48.65% and 65.62%, respectively. In sand filter water, turbidity is 0.59NTU, ammonia is 0.25mg/L, UV₂₅₄ is 0.044cm^-1. The average removal rates of turbidity, ammonia, and UV₂₅₄ are 29.65%, 35.54%, and 7.77%, respectively. For GAC-sand filter, the removal rate of MIB is up to 89.28%. The experiment shows that GAC-sand filter water quality was significantly better than sand filter water. It is feasible for GAC-sand filter to strengthen technology transformation of sand filter.

Based on the observation of the runoff plots of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop and Astragalus absurgens on the Ansai Ecological Experimental Station, the long-term effect of vegetation cover on soil and water loss was studied. Results of the runoff and sediment on the plots indicated that there existed exponential relation between the soil erosion modulus under each rain by unit rainfall erosivity and vegetation cover: M=ae^-bF. The results alsoverified that the artificial forage grass generally degraded in 5th or 6th year after planting, mainly with the decrease of coverage, and needs human management for improving. It is clear that runoff and sediment decreased with the increase of vegetation cover; while with the vegetation degradation, its effectiveness to conserve soil and water also depressed.

On the premise of using stone chips, the paper studies the effect of the replacement level of recycled aggregates and w/c on the compressible properties of recycled concrete hollow blocks, then find out the linear relationship between the ratio of R_K/ R_L (R_K : the compressive strength of recycled concrete hollow block; R_L :the compressive strength of recycled concrete cube) and X (the replacement level of recycled aggregate), provide the theoretical basis to popularization and application of recycled concrete hollow block.

Bridge structural health monitoring system comprises a variety of sensors for measurement of physical parameters of structure and its surrounding environment. Despite the data acquisition system is designed by the advanced sensors, the invalid data and sensor fault is unavoidable in the uninterrupted monitoring system. A novel method based on sensor correlation analysis is proposed for identifying continuous invalid data and sensor fault, which were integrated and applied in the project of main roads bridge Online Safety Monitoring Management System in Hangzhou (Phase II), a web-based urban bridge cluster monitoring system have been established. According to a tied arch bridge case studies, the correlation degree between temperature and displacement sensor according to sliding time window is calculated. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the designed method and the application of the method in the fault identification and warning is discussed.

By adopting the method of precipitation and neutralization by limestone and absorption by fly ash, better results can be achieved in treatment of the acidic wastewater in coal mine. The process goes like this: first, use limestone to neutralize the wastewater until pH to be 4.5, and then use lime to make it to neutral state and absorb it with fly ash, whose appropriate amount is 10g/L.

Based on the experimental research on the dynamic release of heavy metal from sediments of a reservoir, release concentration curves of 5 heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg are obtained, the concentration trends of release curves are analyzed, release rate and annual release amount of heavy metals are calculated. The results indicate that the release concentrations of heavy metal pollutants from surface sediments of two catchment areas are low, which have little effect on the quality of overlying water. Being influenced by the water quality of the catchment areas, the release rate and annual release amount of Cr from the upstream reservoir sediment is larger than that from the downstream reservoir sediment. The release rates and annual release amounts of the other 4 heavy metals in the upstream reservoir area are smaller than that in the downstream area. These analysis results have a certain guiding significance to determine the sediment treatment and prevent the sediment secondary pollution.

This paper analyzes the historical origin of Landscape Architecture in Hydraulic Engineering through the overview of ancient water conservancy landscapes, some of the problems of modern water conservancy projects, and the interdisciplinary application prospects of Landscape Architecture and Hydraulic Engineering. At the same time, the article summarized and explained the connotation of Hydraulic Engineering-Landscape Architecture.

With the study on the dwelling in Yiqian Town (in Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province), in which there are three typical ancient dwellings as objects, the author concluded the features of general layout and exquisite detail. Moreover, the author made an analysis on the unique culture of Lotus, which provides references for the study on vernacular architecture.

Indicated by the practical investigating and theoretic analysis, the rheologic action of the soft soil could be accelerated by earthquake the dynamic loading, which induces more geotechnical engineering accidents and geologic disasters, for example foundation sedimentation and sliding movement, the project destabilizing to collapse etc. The samples of marine deposit soft soil are collected in xiamen, and the rheologic rate, rheologic acceleration and rheologic strain under the dynamic loading of sinusoidal variation are tested and analyzed by using dynamic-triaxial device, and the influences of dynamic loading frequency and breadth to dynamic characteristics of soft soil are analyzed.

In order to solve the problem of high stressed soft rock roadway bolt supporting in coal mine, the optimal bolt supporting design method based on ground stress is put forward to optimize roadway supporting design scheme. The engineering practices show that the plan can control roadway surrounding rock's bigger deformations, the supporting effect is better than original support style, and the cost and maintenance expense sharply decrease. And it is feasible to control high stress roadway rock, and also has reference to maintain soft roadway in similar conditions.

Modern construction projects are provided with characteristic of complexity, indeterminacy and dynamic. So it is necessary that good symbiosis is established in order to make effective management to the construction project. The paper analyzed the character of coordination and management for multi-project. The coordination and management system of multi-project was studied by basic theory about coordination and management. The basic model has been established for coordination and management system. And the effective function model has put forward. Through the function model for coordination and management system, the activity of construction project is more standardization and system. And the various risks resulting in difficult coordination and management would be reduced.

As the increasing scarcity of urban construction land, high-rise high-density development mode plays a leading role, which highlights the contradiction caused by sunshine problem. This paper aims to conduct an in-depth study on winter sunshine environment by choosing Harbin representative high-rise residential districts which contributes to exposing the severe current situation and diagnosing the root causes. Based on the new sunlight standard, suggestions are put forward in introspection on improvement of related auxiliary mechanism, multi-party balance of interest, and supervision of new standard implementation.

According to investigation data, we analysis the existing condition of earthquake-resistance performance of Beijing rural masonry structure and present the existing questions about site, foundation, material, structural component and aseismatic measure of this type structure. Through analyzing the reasons, the author gives the measures on how to improve the aseismatic performance of masonry structure in rural area.

This paper presents the case studies on the seismic design of a composite beam tied arch bridge under a research project on seismic behavior of highway bridges. In this paper, an available model of a CFT tied arch bridge with a main span of 180 m in China is discussed. Analysis is focused on the seismic responses of pile due to response spectrum analysis. The design response spectrum in china is selected as the excitations to examine the seismic behavior of the bridge. Results show that the design of arch rib, suspender, main girder, and pier meets the seismic performance objectives, and can be in elastic condition under the design earthquake.

In order to study the mechanical behavior of the dredger fill silty sand in Caofeidian port, a series of direct shear creep test under different normal pressure were performed. The experimental results indicate that dredger fill silty sand only shows the creep characteristics under certain shearing stress, while under low horizontal shear stress the soil sample generates almost no creep deformation, and the instantaneous deformation grows with the increase of shear load. The normal pressure has obvious influence on the dredger fill silty sand. The bigger the normal pressure, the smaller is the total creep deformation. The relationships of strain-time and strain-stress can be expressed by the power function.

In the campus, the road system plays a crucial role in the campus' stability and its culture. It has a decisive impact on the overall campus layout, pedestrian flow, logistic transportation and information transmission. In this paper, it analyzes the campus road traffic organization and the method of the road system planning and design.

Unloading is a complicated process that the load-carrying condition of main structure is gradually transferred and internal force is redistributed, different unloading scheme brings different structural performance, so the accurate numerical simulation analysis of the unloading process is highly important. A large-span cantilever steel structure is taken as an analytical example and the unloading process is simulated by SAP2000 software package. Firstly, the construction mechanic method is adopted to get the initial stress state before unloading. Then, a numerical simulation method is proposed and a comparison is made between structural reactions of two different unloading sequences to select the optimized unloading scheme.

The creation of highway winter landscape in cold areas is one of the most important approaches to ensure traffic safety and comfort of highway in cold areas in winter. Based on the analysis of the status on the design of highway winter landscape in cold areas, we put forward the necessity, principles and requirements to design the highway winter landscape in cold areas and discussed the ideas of the soft space landscape and hard space landscape design on highway from the driver's comfort and emphasized that the highway winter landscape design in cold areas should reflect sustainable design strategy of the regional culture and ecological environment protection. And these provided theoretical basis for the creation of highway winter landscape.

Construction of small town plays an important role in the progress of the urbanization in China. And better planning of small town is very important on promoting economic development and the construction of spiritual civilization of town and city. The current planning situations of 16 small towns which had powerful economy in Shandong province were investigated by surveying weather and natural environment factors, the economy and population status and land arrangement, measuring land area and taking relative photos. The results were as follows. Firstly, small town usually had small population density and land area. A dop tendency of economic degree was demonstrated from east to west. Besides, there were wide differences of natural conditions in these towns. Secondly, most land arrangements were unreasonable, the land proportions were imbalance. Generally there was a lack of completed transportation land and green space.

This paper focuses on the water pollution in the middle part of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing. The water environmental capacity is one main criterion to evaluate water resources and control water pollution. In this paper, one-dimensional model was established to calculate the water environmental capacity of Qinhuai River in parts basing on the relevant existing hydrological conditions and survey data. The study aims to analyze the model results and puts forward a reasonable water pollution control program.

Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contracts have been increasingly adopting for large infrastructure projects. However, BOT contracts have been a very important model for the investing and building the basic establishment. In order to improve management level and risk management ability for BOT projects, the model of integrated risk management for BOT projects is discussed in this paper. The risk involved in each phase of the project is analyzed. This paper suggests methods to mitigate these risks and put forward the correlative management flow and risk management process system as well as support technology. The method and technique put forward by this paper would be used for risk management of BOT projects. And it is effective for improve risk management ability and reduce the risk in BOT projects.

Building corridor is the only way to pass in fire evacuation, at the same time, it is the main way for smoke to spread. A numerical simulation of the fire smoke flow in the typical room-corridor model is presented. The influence of smoke-proof pendant wall on fire smoke flow is obtained. The results shown that smoke-proof pendant wall can effectively prevent the spread of the smoke, and improve the efficiency of the smoke ejection of the fire area; the higher drooping height of the smoke-proof pendant is, the better smoke ejection effect you will get, on the premise of the safe evacuation, it should try to increase the drooping height of the smoke-proof pendant. When using the smoke-proof pendant to divide smoke zone, we should set smoke exhaust outlets in the central of the smoke zone.

To research a method of accurate measurement and visual expression for classical gardens of Suzhou, 3D laser scanning technology was used in this study. 3D laser scanning technology instrument was used to acquire cloudy data and Auto Cad software was used to process data and map image. Classical gardens' digital accurate measurement and 3D visual digital expression were realized. The result shows that 3D laser scanning technology can be used for classical garden's architecture and it may play an important role on protecting the rich garden culture heritage.

At present, "The calculating manual of storm flood"is applied to calculate design flood in small catchment in every province. The calculating software for design flood is developed by using VB in this paper. Combined traditional calculation method with computer technology, the automatic calculation process is put to use. The software can not only directly calculate the peak discharge but also design flood process. With a reasonable result, simple method and easy operation, it remarkably improves the computational efficiency and can be conducted as a basic tool of hydrological workers.

In order to connect a reservoir to the water system of an inner lake in a planned residential district, as well as pass through an urban first-grade highway, a box-culvert structure will be built under the highway. The larger cross-section of the box-culvert in the preliminary design is on the conservatively safer side but not as economical, and yet will cause excessive foundation deformation due to heaver self-structural load. This paper proposed an optimal design with the best combinations of sidewalls, floor, and roof thickness of the box-culvert structure. Finite element method analysis of the stress and deformation of the box-culvert structure and its foundation with the highest and lowest water table levers during its simulated construction period was conducted. As a result, an optimal design was concluded, which not only reduces the use of concrete, but also reduces the demands on the bearing capacity of the foundation soil.

The bridge pile foundation is a common foundation type. In order to test the bearing capacity of pile foundation bridge and improve the safety of the bridge , based on bridge engineering theory and some other theories, combined with a provincial highway bridge Fen Road bridge pile testing engineering, by means of dynamic detector, from the pile integrity testing, checking of horizontal displacement vertical pile and pile bearing capacity checking other aspects of analysis, not only determing the integrity of the pile foundation, bearing capacity, but also explore a new detection ideas. As the pile foundation concealed, testing and security checking are more difficult. It has the important practical significance that studying the detection and calculation method can improve detection accuracy and save construction funds.

Religious space is an important part of the urban space and it had played a unique role. Islam is one of the three major religions in the world, many scholars have studied a great deal of Islamic Architectures but the evolution of Islamic space form is a little lacking. This paper, take Wuhan as an example, mainly analyzes the profile of Islamic Development, the layout of main mosque space and the factors affecting Islam spatial form and provides the scientific basis to the space layout of Islamic mosque in Wuhan city plan and design in the future.

This article is based on the characteristics and attributes of modern exhibitions. This article summarized color issues in contemporary exhibition space signage systems and focused on issues caused by concerns relevant to the current systems that are affected by individual, environmental, cultural, or technical factors.The principles proposed in this article, which are applicable to the current trend of color designs, should be based on general, striking, systematic, and artistic four rules. Derived from the proposed principle, extensive analysis was provided as to the methods of creating a clear, systematic, and convenient modern exhibition environment.

For a long time, academia has had two common views about the monetary policies' affects on development environment, especially the stock market, which could be summarized as direct impacts on stock market and positive correlated relationships between stock market and money supply. Based on these two points, many people believe that the stock bubble occurred in Japan at the end of last century was caused by the loose monetary policy which was executed at that time. However, empirical results do not support such ideas.

Based on the 1-D Terzaghiconsolidation theory, formula to computing pore-water pressure during soil consolidation in several cases of practical engineering are put forward. Codes in Mathematica@ are developed to computing excess pore-water pressure, which have multi-functionaluser interfaces. By dimensionless method, influence on pore-water pressure dissipation by some factors, such as T_v, u_b,u_a, computing point of depth z/h, is discussed and some useful conclusions are obtained.

Building a relatively scientific and feasible indicator system for evaluating the suitability of the mountainous land for construction is the basis for making such evaluation and realizing a reasonable layout for urban construction land. By expounding on the principles for indicator selection and taking into consideration mountainous land use characteristics, this study analyzes, screens, and picks out the indicators, which combine special factors with basic ones, for evaluating the suitability of the mountainous land for construction. It also carries out weighted distribution of factor indicators by using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Delphi approach comprehensively and quantized grading of evaluation indicators by using the theories of fuzzy mathematics. In the end, it manages to establish an indicator system suitable for evaluating the suitability of the mountainous land for construction.

The life time of urban settlement in China is much shorter than that of designing code, as the decline in residential areas happens not only to the physical aspect, but also to the social aspect. This paper analyzes the factors which drive the decline of urban settlement and sets up the integrated evaluation indicator system for development quality of urban settlement both in physical and social fields, so as to measure the development problems in the urban settlement. Finally, this paper takes an urban settlement of historic street in Chongqing as the example to apply the indicator system and bring up the suggestion for urban residential improvement.

According to the tourism development in Jiaozuo, the paper discusses tourism information system based on GIS, including technical route, composition and structure. Through qualitative and quantitative researches on the study area, a tourism information system based on GIS of Jiaozuo is designed in this paper. The system can provide inquiry, statistics and analysis for the tourism resources of Jiaozuo, and it can provide relevant graphic information as well.

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions from cement floor paint applied to a concrete slab were investigated in a small environmental chamber at 33°C and 43°C. Experimental results revealed that ethylbenzene, butyl acetate and total VOC (TVOC) concentrations increased rapidly after the start of the experiment, reached a maximum at 0.5 h, decreased rapidly up to 4 h and then decreased slowly with exposure time during 4-24 h. For ethylbenzene, butyl acetate and TVOC, concentrations at 43°C were higher than those at 33°C during the first 3 h and during 15-24 h. However, the concentrations at 43°C were less than those at 33°C during 4-15 h.

With the support of 3S technology, this paper is conducted to study the ecological security pattern of Nanyang city. According to ecological security pattern and law of minimum, three aspects are selected as culture, biology, and nature. Firstly, single factor evaluation of the critical spatial pattern is distinguished and the results are converted to spatial data. Integrate evaluation is conducted for the study area by using law of minimum model, thus, the distribution of ecological security pattern is obtained. On this basis, optimized strategy is developed for ecological security pattern of Nanyang city. The study also reveals that urban development based on ecological security pattern is an effective way to ensure sustainable development.

With the improvement of material living standards, the degree of concern for urban leisure space is more increasingly. Public open space is the carrier of the demand for people to experience. And the experience that enriches the activities and enhances the vitality is the feelings of the public activities of people. The paper analyzes the current situation of the public open space of the central of Hulan based on experience perspective. According to the entertainment, esthetic, escapist and education experience needs, the paper put forward the principles. And put forward the tactics on the system planning of public open place. Finally it has guiding significance to the system planning of public open place of the center of Hulan.

The tailings reservoir is a major facility in mine production, but also a potential dangerous sourse. So predicting the dam break flow and sediment transport process in the downstream, which contribute to the construction and safety management of the tailings reservoir, has the vital significance. In this paper, a horizontal 2-D dam break flow and sediment numerical model is established, which is applied in the dam break of Liushujing tailings reservoir, and it is proved that the model can simulate the process of flood submerging and sediment depositing well.

In order to make the experimental results more accurately reflect the actual engineering conditions, based on the two different chemical analysis tests for soluble salt of coarse grained saline soil, freezing-thawing cycles test, salt expansion tests under (no) additional load and large-scale collapsibility test are researched. And a comparative analysis is conducted between the engineering properties of coarse grained saline soil and the results of tow different corresponding test methods for soluble salt. It is shown that the results of soluble salt obtained by two different test methods (Standardized Method and Screening Method of 5mm) are quite different. When the sample is in optimum moisture content, the maximum inflation rate and collapsibility rate are 0.11% and 0.01%. The amount of salt expansion for the sample under additional covering load is less than 15%, comparing with no additional load. The collapsibility coefficient of the sample is less than 1.5%. The results from Screening Method of 5mm can better guide the construction.

Wood frame shear walls are commonly used as the primary component of the lateral load resisting system. The research on the performance of the walls under lateral load is a key point in light wood structures. The stiffness of load spreader has a direct impact on the failure mode and lateral resistance of wood frame shear walls in shear wall tests. Furthermore, it is more affected when hold-downs are not fixed at the ends of the walls and openings. A new load spreader setup is designed and used to conduct the test research under monotonic and cyclic protocol. The test specimens are three full size wood frames shear walls; one is a standard wall, one with door opening and the other one with a window opening. The shear strength, ultimate displacement and lateral displacement stiffness are studied. The test results are compared with the same specimens by using three different load spreaders.

The land should be used reasonably and protected maximally as far as possible in highway construction. Because the highway roadbed in mountain area is usually very high, substituting bridges for roadbed is an effective method of saving land resources, but it raises the cost of highway construction. Many factors, such as roadbed engineering costs, land resource, environment protection and so on, should be considered during highway construction. According to the land value theory and on the basis of land shadow price, the discrimination method of deciding the boundary condition under which roadbed is substituted for bridges is provided.

This paper focuses on differential settlement after old pavement renewing. To the section of the coastal highway upgraded engineering in Qingdao, the numerical simulation is conducted by the finite element analysis. In order to simulate the differential settlement between old and widened sections during different time, the technique of "birth-death element" is used. Meanwhile, the DP model of ANSYS is chosen to consider the non-linearity of soil. Based on the results by present method, the valuable reference is achieved to the actual project.

This paper first introduces the features of the MATLAB neural network toolboxes and their algorithm, discusses and constructs the river flow forecasting model and its steps by using the MATLAB neural network algorithm, and then uses it for short-term hydrologic forecasting between Shigu to Panzhihua in the Jinsha River of the Yangtze River upstream basin. According to the results of the case study, we see that short-term hydrologic forecasting can easily be done by using the MATLAB neural network toolboxes, in the case of that the allowable error is 10%, the qualify rate of prediction reaches 100%, so the method of the short-term hydrological forecasting based on the MATLAB neural network is certainly practical, and it is also a new mean of the hydrological forecasting.

Based on selected library elements in some designs, their reasons of emergence are stated, and their importance in the designs are listed, the relations between the technical requirements of a design adopting those elements, local culture and environment, and design ideas are elaborated.

As the further construction and development of China's high-tech industrial park, besides of the achievements, there exposed some undeniable problems, in which environmental and ecological problems being the major ones. Good park ecological planning shall be focused on establishing the ecological balance of the overall system. It is the foundation and basic guarantee of the good environment formation and the benign development of park environment in the future. This essay, from the aspects of necessity and features of park ecological landscape planning, summarizes the principle and target of ecological landscape park planning, and formulates relevant design countermeasures.

In this paper, the possibility for solar roof used on one dwelling house was discussed. On-site formation indicated that clean electricity could be produced for residents. Beyond that, the environment impact was also applied to evaluate the benefits of using solar roof. In the case study, an analysis on Japanese solar roof fixing on dwelling is carried out to evaluate the energy efficiency and carbon emission reduction by CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency); and shows a life-cycle cost of solar roof by LCC (Life Cycle Cost).

In the axial force existence situation, many columns should be reinforced by longitudinal and circumferential CFRP because of insufficient capacity. The nonlinear finite element analysis ANSYS was adopted to analyze the subject mentioned before. Subject to loading , 11 root columns were designed, aiming to the layer number of CFRP, the location and orientation of CFRP, the eccentric distant of specimens. One of them is a non-reinforcement column. Then this paper also studied the specimen failure modes and determined specimen torsion capacity. At the same time the torsion behavior of CFRP reinforced columns was analyzed.

The fully implicit closest point projection method (CPPM) which avoids the phenomenon of the trial stress drifting from the yield surface is a new numerical integration algorithm. The CPPM has the high accuracy and stability of the numerical solution. The finite element solver is developed based on the elastic-plastic theory and the CPPM of the non-associative isotropic hardening Drucker-Prager constitutive model. The complex geotechnical engineering problem can be solved by the self-developed nonlinear finite element program, then the results show that the accuracy and practicality of the program.

Water is an important component of soil, and it is also a significant factor for the influence on physical and mechanical properties of soil by its formation. The influence rule of soil formation on mechanical properties of soil is studied by miniature penetration test with soils of different water content. The results show that water information has remarkable influence on the mechanical properties of soil, and the largest content of hygroscopic water is a critical point. When the initial water content is higher than the critical point, the penetration strength decreases progressively along with the increasing of water content. When the initial water content is lower than the critical point, the penetration strength decreases progressively along with the decreasing of water content.

With the continuous development of society, industrial wastewater treatment problem has attracted more and more attentions among countries. In this situation, new technology has been developed. Due to the shortage of water resources and existing methods for chemical reagents and the rising of energy, membrane bioreactors have been considered as one of the most promising processes used for wastewater treatment and water reclamation. Of course, the wastewater can be readily treated not only with biological treatment but also with the aid of physicochemical treatment. In this paper, the source and the characteristics of the wastewater are introduced, as well as some cost-effective industrial wastewater treatment technology.

City is the main habitat for humans. Urbanization is an important indicator for economic and cultural development level of a country or region. The deepening of urbanization has brought major impact on ecological balance, which is particularly clearly seen in urban waterfront. Sound landscape renovation designs can improve urban living and investment environment, complete city functions, enhance city competiveness and achieve sustainable urban development. This paper is to provide new ideas in waterfront renovation designs through the following analysis.

In engineering practice, the situations of shield tunnel across the pipelines will often be encountered. Previous research work has always focused on the effect of various parameters of shield tunnel vertically or parallel across the pipeline. Meanwhile, there is a lack of information considering the influence of various parameters on the shield tunnel passing through the pipeline with an angle. The numerical study based on the Hangzhou metro project was carried out that investigated the effect of angle between tunnel and pipeline and different construction conditions on the pipeline. The reasonable angle and construction conditions were achieved and expected to be helpful for designers and constructors in future projects.

This paper aims to explore the impact on the structure strength resulted from various geometric designs of the crane jib. The designs used ANSYS for finite element analysis. The analysis used the rated loads along continuous position for the lattice crane jib and set up the modals for the beam elements, then, calculated the maximum values of the hanged load that caused local yielding points. In addition, the modals of natural frequency were analyzed. After the static analysis, the resonance behavior of the localization and veering was dynamically analyzed. The results could be utilized for establishing design criterion of structural modification and the further resonance behavior of the entire tower crane.

Based on the fact that the valuation model of port coastline resources, lack of Scientific and standardized evaluation of theories and methods, the authors analyze the general method to assess the value of port coastline resources. And build the evaluation model of resources value of the port coastline. The valuation model of port coastline resources based on income reduction method is objective, and it lays the foundation of further calculation and the achievement of port coastline resources valuation.

The wastewater generated by the squid waste which is used to produce feedstuff is nontoxic but deleterious, using the method of diluting spraying and cooling, waste a lot of heat and produce large amounts of wastewater, which increase the equipment investment and the running cost to treat with the waste water. Using the method of one kettle to heat up and several kettles to preheat can solve the heat recovery without increasing the volume of wastewater. By anaerobic treatment to reduce the COD and reclaim the methane, then by the pressure of biological oxidation, after stay 6 hours, the water COD_Cr is 120 mg/L, 7 hours is 93mg/L which meet the first emission standard set by the state-level.

With the beginning of Xi'an Metro's (underground subway) construction, the development of the Xi'an Metro has ushered in a golden era. Underground transportation will bring new changes to both residents' travel behavior and to the city's urban development pattern. Then the development of underground space, using the Metro as the backbone of that larger underground space system, will further promote the level of urban development in Xi'an. We therefore face a new question of how to achieve reasonable functional extension and sustainable utilization of underground space in the construction of the subway. This article discusses this topic in depth and gives some related proposals for the construction of Xi'an's Metro.

Cultural landscape is the common research subject of a number of areas including urban planning, landscape architecture, human geography etc. This paper applies comprehensive opinions in cultural geography and landscape ecology to explain the concept of cultural landscape and its classification system based on material and non-material characteristics and further discusses the theoretical basis of spatial analysis and multi-indicator comprehensive assessment of cultural landscape. As for the spatial complexity of cultural landscape, this paper, based on the analysis of spatial accessibility, sensitivity and spatial network layout, also provides an indicator system for quantitative assessment of cultural landscape as well as indicates the focus for further research.

With the development of large-scale construction project of urban metro, people attach more importance to the stability problem of road foundation with tunnel. This paper simulates load experiment to road foundation with shallow tunnel by strain control. Firstly, the practical method of post-peak parameter selection was introduced, and the "Prandtl's Wedge" problem was verified to demonstrate the effectiveness of the numerical experiment. Then, the load experiment took Construction-in-process of Dalian Metro as the subject, got the history of the bearing capacity versus vertical displacement from strain-softening model, the results indicate that experiment results are agree to the monitoring data, and we got progressive failure pattern of road foundation with tunnel which is valuable to strengthen the surrounding rock.

Asphalt pavements were liable to suffer from structural damage at early stage, so to reduce such damage in order to improve both social and economic benefits in pavements' lifespan. In this paper, damages at early stage were classified, meanwhile, the basic character and the reasons for the asphalt pavement early damages were also discussed, and the precautionary measurements were put forward accordingly.

This article relies on a key project of a central city in southwest, which aims at alleviating the traffic congestion issue. With rapid development of urbanization and motorization, quantitative strategic decision forthe transportation system planning becomes particularly imperative. Demand modeling provides a fundamental approach to evaluate various policies and to support scientific decision-making. In order to make quantitative analysis on the proposed planning scenarios, a city-wide four-step transportation demand model with feedback loop was established. Household information survey data were used to calibrate the model. A mode choice model based on Nested-Logit (NL) theory was set up depending on household vehicle ownership. A volume delay function (VDF) that considered intersection delay was proposed and calibrated for use in this particular city during traffic assignment process. Finally, various scenarios of different combinations of policy, management, and infrastructure improvement plan were tested using the developed model.

An experimental study of the hydrostatic compression behavior of concrete has been performed using 100 mm concrete cubes. A hydrostatic compression test consists of imposing the axial displacement at a constant quasi-static rate (5μm/s) while keeping the pressure equal to the axial stress. The compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity are measured before and after loading history, respectively. The reduction of compressive strength denotes the damage of concrete. Linearity fit and comparison analysis of experimental data is performed to describe the evolution of damage with respect to the descent of ultrasonic velocity. Research results show that, with the decrease in ultrasonic velocity beyond critical threshold, the damage has good linear relations with the reduction of ultrasonic velocity. It is concluded that ultrasonic inspection can be used in conjunction with destructive mechanical methods such as compression to strengthen the reliability of the result.

Multiple attribute system of coal mining area land (CMAL) development suitability was constructed. Considering the characteristic of linguistic-based attribute, uncertain linguistic variable and uncertain linguistic evaluation scale were defined for CMAL development suitability. Based on extended ordered weighting average operator, decision process of suitability evaluation for CMAL development was introduced. Taking Jixi coal mining area in Heilongjiang province as an application case, and its land development suitability was evaluated. The result shows that the method of uncertain multiple attribute decision for CMAL development suitability evaluation is effective.

Nowadays, the habitat fragmentation caused by human activities has greatly affected the migration and diffusion of wild animals, and finally results in the increased risk of species extinction. The theory of biological corridor provides new solutions to the protection of wildlife. The species movement resistance surface was built after identifying the resistance value of different types of land in Taicang city. Then this research simulates the potential biological corridor by using least-cost path method supported by ArcGIS spatial analysis module. The conclusion gives the planning scheme of biological corridor in Taicang city in order to achieve the best connection between habitat plaques for the purpose of animal protection.

Based on a theoretical model of residential choice, this paper from a micro perspective finds the migrant workers' work-oriented and rent avoidance residential choice type under the HRS and explains the reason for difficult realization of urban village reconstruction. Therefore, from the long run, the correct direction for the urban village reconstruction is to transform the economic interest oriented concept, consider public interest to a maximal extent, and make transformation from the "leap-forward" overall reconstruction to the "progressive" comprehensive improvement.

Although it is well known that the packing density of the particles in a concrete mix has great influence on the performance of concrete, the packing density is seldom directly measured and all codified methods for measuring packing density are carried out under dry condition. These dry packing methods do not account for the effects of water and any chemical admixture present and are not really suitable for water-solid mixtures containing cementitious materials and fine aggregate, which tend to form agglomerates under dry condition. To solve these problems, a new method, called the wet packing method, for measuring the packing density of cementitious materials, fine aggregate and mortar under wet condition has been developed. In this study, the wet packing method was extended to measure the packing density of blended fine and coarse aggregate as well as concrete mix. The results revealed that the packing density of blended aggregate and concrete mix is highly dependent on whether the aggregate and concrete mix are dry or wet. Hence, when measuring the packing density of blended aggregate and concrete mix, the wet packing method should always be used.

The pedestrian wind environment problem is a heated discussion with the increasing number of high-rise. In campus planning, this problem is also important, because of the specific characteristics of the campus, such as the height gap between the old building and the newly-built building. This paper introduced the wind environment problems related to these characteristics, and made a case study on the bad wind environment in Tongji University Jiading Campus. In the case study, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis was applied. By analyzing the wind field around the library, the downwash was identified as the main reason. At last, a solution was discussed to improve the wind environment.

EXPO 2010 Shanghai as the world's major exhibition, has attracted more than 70 million tourists comes to visit the activity. Good transport organization is an important factor to ensure the success of the Expo. In this paper, the passenger flow prediction and traffic characteristics are analysis. Based on the traffic flow analysis, public transport organization integration is highlight. To analyze traffic on the Expo, the World Expo 2010 Shanghai concluded the integration of public transport experience for the building of large-scale integration of active transport a few constructive comments. In the end, four implementation advices on public transport integration optimization are proposed based on the successful of Expo 2010 experience.