Multistep Approach for the Rehabilitation of a Deteriorated Water Distribution Network Operating Intermittently
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 149, Issue 12
Abstract
This paper presents a multistep approach for the rehabilitation of the deteriorated and intermittently operated water distribution network (WDN) proposed by the organizers of the joint WDSA CCWI 2022 Conference as the case study for the battle. In the rehabilitation, various interventions are considered with the final objective to improve the operation of the WDN in terms of hours of service to users and total volume supplied to meet their demands, including pipe and device (pump/valve) replacements, leak repairs, and extended period optimization of device settings. The multistep approach is proposed to tame the extremely large space of decision variables and includes the following steps: (1) subdivision of the WDN into main chain and district metered areas (DMAs), rehabilitation of (2) the main chain and (3) the DMAs while looking at the final year of the rehabilitation, (4) sequencing of the interventions, and (5) optimization of device settings. Compared to other methodologies in the literature, the main novelty and merit of the present approach consist of the way the rehabilitation interventions are selected, i.e., by using engineering judgment and by maximizing the flow capacity of the main chain and the global resilience–failure index in the DMAs.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
Support from Italian MIUR and University of Pavia is acknowledged within the program Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023–2027. Support from Austrian Academy of Sciences is acknowledged within the program DOC fellowship, 2021–2024, (AP845023).
References
Ameyaw, E. E., F. A. Memon, and J. Bicik. 2013. “Improving equity in intermittent water supply systems.” J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA 62 (8): 552–562. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2013.065.
Andey, S. P., and P. S. Kelkar. 2007. “Performance of water distribution systems during intermittent versus continuous water supply.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 99 (8): 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb08011.x.
Andey, S. P., and P. S. Kelkar. 2009. “Influence of intermittent and continuous modes of water supply on domestic water consumption.” Water Resour. Manage. 23 (12): 2555–2566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9396-8.
Battle of Intermittent Water Supply. 2022. “Battle of intermittent water supply instruction.” Accessed March 22, 2022. https://wdsa-ccwi2022.upv.es/wp-content/uploads/descargas/BIWS_Instructions.pdf.
Bivins, A., S. Lowry, S. Wankhede, R. Hajare, H. M. Murphy, M. Borchardt, P. Labhasetwar, and J. Brown. 2021. “Microbial water quality improvement associated with transitioning from intermittent to continuous water supply in Nagpur, India.” Water Res. 201 (Aug): 117301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117301.
Calero Preciado, C., S. Husband, J. Boxall, G. del Olmo, V. Soria-Carrasco, S. K. Maeng, and I. Douterelo. 2021. “Intermittent water supply impacts on distribution system biofilms and water quality.” Water Res. 201 (Aug): 117372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117372.
Cobacho, R., F. Arregui, E. Cabrera, and E. Cabrera. 2008. “Private water storage tanks: Evaluating their inefficiencies.” Water Pract. Technol. 3 (1): wpt2008025. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2008.025.
Creaco, E. 2017. “Exploring numerically the benefits of water discharge prediction for the remote RTC of WDNs.” Water 9 (12): 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9120961.
Creaco, E., M. Franchini, and E. Todini. 2016. “Generalized resilience and failure indices for use with pressure-driven modeling and leakage.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 142 (8): 04016019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000656.
Criminisi, A., C. M. Fontanazza, G. Freni, and G. la Loggia. 2009. “Evaluation of the apparent losses caused by water meter under-registration in intermittent water supply.” Water Sci. Technol. 60 (9): 2373–2382. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.423.
El Achi, N., and M. J. Rouse. 2020. “A hybrid hydraulic model for gradual transition from intermittent to continuous water supply in Amman, Jordan: A theoretical study.” Water Supply 20 (1): 118–129. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.142.
Eliades, D. G., M. Kyriakou, S. Vrachimis, and M. M. Polycarpou. 2016. “EPANET-MATLAB toolkit: An open-source software for interfacing EPANET with MATLAB.” In Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Computing and Control for the Water Industry (CCWI). The Hague, Netherlands: International Water Conferences.
Fontanazza, C. M., G. Freni, and G. la Loggia. 2007. “Analysis of intermittent supply systems in water scarcity conditions and evaluation of the resource distribution equity indices.” In Water resources management IV, 635–644. Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
Gullotta, A., D. Butler, A. Campisano, E. Creaco, R. Farmani, and C. Modica. 2021a. “Optimal location of valves to improve equity in intermittent water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 147 (5): 04021016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001370.
Gullotta, A., A. Campisano, E. Creaco, and C. Modica. 2021b. “A simplified methodology for optimal location and setting of valves to improve equity in intermittent water distribution systems.” Water Resour. Manage. 35 (13): 4477–4494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02962-9.
Hastak, S., P. Labhasetwar, P. Kundley, and R. Gupta. 2017. “Changing from intermittent to continuous water supply and its influence on service level benchmarks: A case study in the demonstration zone of Nagpur, India.” Urban Water J. 14 (7): 768–772. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2016.1240808.
Iglesias-Rey, P. L., F. J. Martínez-Solano, F. Martínez-Alzamora, and A. Ostfeld. 2023. “The battle of the intermittent water supply (BIWS).” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.
Ilaya-Ayza, A. E., J. Benítez, J. Izquierdo, and R. Pérez-García. 2017. “Multi-criteria optimization of supply schedules in intermittent water supply systems.” J. Comput. Appl. Math. 309 (Jan): 695–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2016.05.009.
Klingel, P. 2012. “Technical causes and impacts of intermittent water distribution.” Water Supply 12 (4): 504–512. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.023.
Kumpel, E., and K. L. Nelson. 2016. “Intermittent water supply: Prevalence, practice, and microbial water quality.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 50 (2): 542–553. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03973.
Kusum, D., K. P. Singsh, M. L. Kansal, and A. Mohan. 2009. “A real coded genetic algorithm for solving integer and mixed integer optimization problems.” Appl. Math. Comput. 212 (2): 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2009.02.044.
Lee, E. J., and K. J. Schwab. 2005. “Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries.” J. Water Health 3 (2): 109–127. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.0012.
McIntosh, A. C., A. D. Bank, and I. W. Association. 2003. Asian water supplies: Reaching the urban poor: A guide and sourcebook on urban water supplies in Asia for Governments, utilities, consultants, development agencies, and nongovernment organizations. Mandaluyong, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Minaei, A., A. Haghighi, and H. R. Ghafouri. 2019. “Computer-aided decision-making model for multiphase upgrading of aged water distribution mains.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 145 (5): 04019008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001070.
Mohapatra, S., A. Sargaonkar, and P. K. Labhasetwar. 2014. “Distribution network assessment using EPANET for intermittent and continuous water supply.” Water Resour. Manage. 28 (11): 3745–3759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0707-y.
Nyahora, P. P., M. S. Babel, D. Ferras, and A. Emen. 2020. “Multi-objective optimization for improving equity and reliability in intermittent water supply systems.” Water Supply 20 (5): 1592–1603. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.066.
Rossman, L., H. Woo, M. Tryby, F. Shang, R. Janke, and T. Haxton. 2020. EPANET 2.2 user manual. EPA/600/R-20/133. Washington, DC: USEPA.
Simukonda, K., R. Farmani, and D. Butler. 2018. “Intermittent water supply systems: Causal factors, problems and solution options.” Urban Water J. 15 (5): 488–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2018.1483522.
Simukonda, K., R. Farmani, and D. Butler. 2022. “Development of scenarios for evaluating conversion from intermittent to continuous water supply strategies’ sustainability implications.” Urban Water J. 19 (4): 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2021.2024582.
Soltanjalili, M.-J., O. Bozorg Haddad, and M. A. Mariño. 2013. “Operating water distribution networks during water shortage conditions using hedging and intermittent water supply concepts.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 139 (6): 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000315.
Souza, R. G., G. Meirelles, B. Brentan, and J. Izquierdo. 2022. “Rehabilitation in intermittent water distribution networks for optimal operation.” Water 14 (1): 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010088.
The MathWorks. 2022. Global optimization toolbox. Natick, MA: The MathWorks.
UKWIR (UK Water Industry Research). 1999. Manual of DMA practice. London: UKWIR.
Vairavamoorthy, K., S. D. Gorantiwar, and S. Mohan. 2007. “Intermittent water supply under water scarcity situations.” Water Int. 32 (1): 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060708691969.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 26, 2023
Accepted: Jul 21, 2023
Published online: Sep 25, 2023
Published in print: Dec 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 25, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Faten Ayyash, Chao Zhang, Akbar A. Javadi, Raziyeh Farmani, Optimal Operation of Intermittent Water Supply Systems under Water Scarcity, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 10.1061/JWRMD5.WRENG-6227, 150, 3, (2024).
- Bruno Brentan, Ariele Zanfei, Rui Gabriel Souza, Andrea Menapace, Gustavo Meirelles, Joaquín Izquierdo, Optimal Rehabilitation Procedure for Intermittent Water Supply Systems, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 10.1061/JWRMD5.WRENG-6129, 150, 6, (2024).